{"title":"Haute cuisine restaurants in nineteenth and twentieth century Ireland","authors":"Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire","doi":"10.1353/ria.2015.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ria.2015.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:AbstractHistorically, Ireland has not been associated with dining excellence. However, in 2011, the editor of Le Guide du Routard, Pierre Josse, noted that the Irish dining experience was as good, if not better, than anywhere in the world. This was a signal achievement for, as Josse also observed the disastrous nature of Irish public dining thirty years ago, when they first started the Irish edition. Thus it may come as a surprise to many that Ireland had a previous ‘golden age’ of haute cuisine—the benchmark for which was set by Restaurant Jammet which traded in Dublin between 1901 and 1967. Indeed, Ireland experienced an influx of gastro-tourists during ‘the Emergency’ (1939–45), and in the 1950s, The Russell Restaurant joined Restaurant Jammet as one of the most outstanding restaurants in Europe. In addition, both Dublin and Shannon airports housed two of Ireland's finest restaurants in the early 1960s. Cashel, Co. Tipperary, had two Michelin-starred restaurants during the early 1980s. From 1975 to 1988 Cork was the centre of fine dining in Ireland. The opening of Roscoffs in Belfast in 1989 spawned a cluster of Michelin-starred restaurants in Northern Ireland. Restaurant Patrick Guilbaud in Dublin was awarded its first Michelin star also in 1989, signalling a rebirth of fine-dining restaurants in the capital. This paper will discuss the history of Ireland's haute cuisine restaurants, identifying the various phases that led to our current standing: equal to if not better than any global competitors.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"8 1","pages":"371 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76025664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Badge of servitude’? The Irish at England's inns of court","authors":"Colum Kenny","doi":"10.3318/priac.2019.119.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/priac.2019.119.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:From 1542 until 1885 any person wishing to practise at the Irish bar was obliged by law first to attend an inn of court in London. The unionist Edward Carson is said to have described the requirement as ‘one of the badges of servitude of the Irish nation’. This paper offers an overview of the long relationship between the four English inns of court and Ireland, charting its impact by reference to the number and types of persons attending them and highlighting individuals who were admitted there. The paper contextualises the related role of King's Inns, Dublin, as well as the political developments that formed a backdrop to the presence of Irish people at the inns of court in London. Given the prominent role of lawyers in Irish political life, the requirement had an impact well beyond the legal sphere.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"115 1","pages":"199 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79139700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"George Victor Du Noyer's career in the Ordnance and Geological Surveys (1835–69): geologist by profession, artist by temperament","authors":"S. Hegarty","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:George Victor Du Noyer (1817–69) was among the surveyors employed by the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) shortly after its foundation in 1845. He was one of several men—antiquarians, artists, recorders of nineteenth century life— whose interest went beyond geology. This paper explores Du Noyer's development as a geologist, and his transformation from artist to geologist. It discusses Du Noyer's career in both the Ordnance and the Geological Surveys and considers his relationships with his superiors—relationships that were at times marked by a profound loyalty, while at other times involving a certain amount of tension, and always driven by the personalities involved. The paper also considers the motivation behind Du Noyer's presentation of albums of sketches to the Royal Irish Academy.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"44 5-6","pages":"271 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72482575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forming an episcopal see and an Augustinian foundation in medieval Ireland: the case of Ferns, Co. Wexford","authors":"Bhreathnach, Dowling","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2021.121.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2021.121.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper is a case study of the medieval settlement of Ferns, Co. Wexford, in the south-east of Ireland, with particular reference to the twelfth-century Augustinian foundation of St Mary's Abbey. The study explores an interdisciplinary approach to Ferns in which the evidence of archaeology, geophysical surveys and historical sources are combined to produce a comprehensive profile of the canons' foundation and its environs. Ferns was chosen for various reasons. Historical references associated with an existing early medieval church are relatively wide-ranging with the survival of three versions of the life of St Máedóc, its patron saint. The place's secular importance as the chief seat of an important dynasty, the Uí Chennselaig, probably began in the tenth century but is notably evident in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It is one of the very few twelfth-century Irish foundations for which the transcript of an original charter survives, that of Diarmait mac Murchada, king of Leinster's charter to the Augustinian canons of St Mary's dating to 1160/2. In addition, the site's archaeology and history suggests that reorganisation of ecclesiastical settlements formed an essential part of the transformation of the Irish church during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and that planning this reorganisation was to the forefront of royal and church politics alike.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"126 1","pages":"191 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72576609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suburban and urban housing in the twentieth century","authors":"R. McManus","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2011.111.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2011.111.253","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ireland experienced dramatic political, social and economic change in the twentieth century, of which the shift from a majority rural to a majority urban population was one of the most notable. These changes are reflected in the nature and form of the built environment. In this essay, the evolution of urban and suburban housing during Ireland's first urban century is considered. Existing patterns of unplanned middleclass suburban expansion were supplemented, from the 1920s, by a programme of planned working-class suburbanization. State intervention thus impacted on the location and form of new housing estates, while layouts owed much to the early British town-planning movement. High levels of owner-occupation in Ireland, the combined result of government policy and individual preference, were also reflected in a preference for particular housing forms. The predominance of the standardised three-or four-bedroom, semi-detached or detached house, was not challenged until the 1990s when there was a surge in apartment provision, largely driven by tax incentives. Changing norms in terms of housing size, facilities and design were shaped by the standards adopted by government and local authorities, as well as to the pressures of the speculative building process.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"253 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Open-Air Preaching in the Belfast Riots of 1857","authors":"J. Holmes","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2002.102.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2002.102.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Open-aır preaching was a familiar sight on the streets of mid-nıneteenth-century Belfast and was conducted by all of the town's main Protestant denominations. While ıt was generally tolerated, ın the early autumn of 1857 an open-air sermon preached by the Reverend Hugh Hanna provoked a large-scale rıot. Why was this? Earlıer in the summer the parades and services surrounding the Twelfth of July Orange Order celebrations had provoked extensıve rioting and forced magistrates to cancel several open-air services. Hanna's service was quickly subsumed withın these existing community tensions. The attıtudes of the two major protagonısts only exacerbated the situation. To Hanna and hıs supporters, open-air preaching was evidence of the right of Protestants to practise their faith freely; to Catholics it was an intolerable nuisance, designed to harass them. Thus, the 1857 riots should be explained as the result not only of a battle for territorıal control of Belfast, but also of conflicting opınıons concernıng the acceptability of public manıfestations of religious belief wıthin divided communities.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"76 1","pages":"47 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80790050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Coghlan, B. Randell, Paul Hockie, Trish Gonzalez, David McQuillan, Reddy O'Regan
{"title":"Percy Ludgate (1883–1922), Ireland's first computer designer","authors":"B. Coghlan, B. Randell, Paul Hockie, Trish Gonzalez, David McQuillan, Reddy O'Regan","doi":"10.3318/priac.2021.121.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/priac.2021.121.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A greatly expanded treatment is presented of the history of the family, life and work of Percy Ludgate, nearly 50 years after the 1971 and 1982 papers by Brian Randell revealed his work on a mechanical computer, and almost 100 years after Ludgate's death. The new material that has recently been obtained about this successor of Charles Babbage includes two very significant discoveries. The first is of a hitherto unknown contemporary published description of Ludgate's Analytical Machine, incorporating the only surviving drawing of it yet found; the second is of American descendants of Ludgate's niece, who have been allowed to erect a commemorative headstone on his previously unmarked grave.This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International License. Open Access funding provided by IReL.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"14 1","pages":"303 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irish-Speaking in the Pre-Famine Period: A Study Based on the 1911 Census Data for People Born before 1851 and Still Alive in 1911","authors":"Garrett FitzGerald","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2003.103.1.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2003.103.1.191","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The object of this paper is to provide detailed geographical data on the level of Irish-speaking amongst those who were aged 60 or more in 1911, these being survivors of the generation born during or not long before the Famine. Whilst some of those born during this period who were brought up as Irish-speakers in areas within which subsequent generations no longer spoke the language will have lost their command of Irish later in life, these data are presented as offering at least a minimum figure for Irish-speaking in each area in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. The use of data from the 1911 census in respect of dispensary districts and the smaller district electoral divisions provides a much more detailed indication of the geographical spread of the language during the period in question than could be provided by my earlier paper on this subject. That paper, offering data in respect of those born in each of the decades between 1770 and 1870, was based on age data for Irish-speaking from the 1851 to 1881 censuses of population-and those earlier censuses provided data only in respect of much larger geographical areas, viz. baronies. The validity of the 1911 census 60+ data as a method of deriving estimates of Irish-speaking in the period before the Famine is discussed. The pattern and scale of monoglot Irish-speaking in 1911 amongst those aged 60 and over is also presented.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"191 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89954219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Barralet and Beranger's Antiquarian Sketching Tour through Wicklow and Wexford in the Autumn of 1780","authors":"P. Harbison","doi":"10.3318/pric.2004.104.1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/pric.2004.104.1.131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This is a partial reconstruction of an antiquarian sketching tour of counties Wicklow and Wexford undertaken in 1780 by the artists John James Barralet and Gabriel Beranger at the behest of William Burton Conyngham who, on behalf of the Hibernian Antiquarian Society, wanted to have their work engraved in a series of volumes intended to highlight Irish antiquities. Its literary base includes excerpts from Beranger's diary already recorded by Sir William Wilde in the 1870s, and a hitherto unrecognised descriptive Catalogue of places visited. Visually, it uses engravings from Grose's Antiquities of Ireland based on artwork from the tour, as well as drawings, copies and plans from the Cooper Collection acquired by the National Library of Ireland in 1994. The collection includes some original Barralet watercolours published here for the first time.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"10 1","pages":"131 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Hensey, Pádraig Meehan, Marion A. Dowd, Sam Moore
{"title":"A century of archaeology—historical excavation and modern research at the Carrowkeel passage tombs, County Sligo","authors":"Robert Hensey, Pádraig Meehan, Marion A. Dowd, Sam Moore","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2014.114.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2014.114.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:AbstractThe Carrowkeel complex represents one of the four main groups of passage tombs in Ireland. Although less well known than its counterpart in the Boyne Valley, new discoveries in recent years have renewed interest in this internationally significant yet under-investigated site. This paper reviews the 1911 excavation of passage tombs at Carrowkeel and presents new research and discoveries that have been made since. New dates (from a radiocarbon dating project undertaken by the authors) which demonstrate activity within the complex towards the end of the fourth millennium bc are discussed. The authors consider the significance of the recently discovered passage tomb art within the complex, and outline the prospects for future research there, particularly with regard to human bone assemblage from the 1911 excavations.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":"41 1","pages":"57 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75077470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}