Spatial Demography最新文献_第4页

Social Vulnerability and Childhood Health: Bayesian Spatial Models to Assess Risks from Multiple Stressors on Childhood Diarrhoea in Malawi 社会脆弱性和儿童健康:贝叶斯空间模型评估马拉维儿童腹泻多重压力源的风险

IF 1.9

Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00101-x

Lawrence N. Kazembe

{"title":"Social Vulnerability and Childhood Health: Bayesian Spatial Models to Assess Risks from Multiple Stressors on Childhood Diarrhoea in Malawi","authors":"Lawrence N. Kazembe","doi":"10.1007/s40980-021-00101-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40980-021-00101-x","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood diarrhoea accounts for over 15% of all under-five deaths in Africa. The disease is exacerbated by social vulnerability. This study operationalizes social vulnerability by using three indicators: water poverty, sanitation and assets, to capture social disadvantage, which measures individual or community resources to prevent or mitigate health effects. We particularly investigated the relationship between childhood diarrhoea and risks emanating from multiple stressors: water poverty, poor sanitation and low wealth status, which define social vulnerability. Using data from the 2013/14 Malawi MDG Endline Survey (MMES), we fitted spatial models assuming that the combined effect of social vulnerability indicators, together with individual covariates, exhibit spatial correlation and heterogeneity on the outcome-diarrhoea status. Findings showed evidence of spatially varying risk imposed by social vulnerability indicators on childhood diarrhoea. We established a positive relationship between diarrhoea and water poverty, and negative association with poor sanitation and low wealth status. Spatial characterization of health effects of social vulnerability presents an important step towards targeted interventions in diarrhoea management. Our use of district level mapping provides for optimal planning and implementation, particularly, for the lowly placed individuals who are geographically located in high risk areas, since most decentralized decision making processes are made at this level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43022,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Demography","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Alternative Implementations of the Hamilton-Perry Model for Small Area Population Forecasts: the Case of Australia 评估汉密尔顿-佩里模型在小区域人口预测中的替代实施:以澳大利亚为例

IF 1.9

Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00103-9

Tom Wilson, Irina Grossman

{"title":"Evaluating Alternative Implementations of the Hamilton-Perry Model for Small Area Population Forecasts: the Case of Australia","authors":"Tom Wilson, Irina Grossman","doi":"10.1007/s40980-021-00103-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40980-021-00103-9","url":null,"abstract":"Small area population forecasts are widely used across the public and private sectors, with many users requiring forecasts broken down by sex and age group. The preparation of small area age-sex population forecasts across a whole country or State with a multiregional cohort-component model is usually a time-consuming and expensive task. It involves the purchase of large datasets, considerable amounts of complex data preparation and assumption-setting, and substantial amounts of staff time. A quicker and lower-cost alternative is to use a reduced form cohort projection model, such as the Hamilton-Perry model. This paper presents an evaluation of various implementations of the Hamilton-Perry model, including an alternative version employing a combination of Cohort Change Ratios and Cohort Change Differences. It also evaluates the effects on forecast accuracy of smoothing the age profiles of Cohort Change Ratios and Differences, and constraining to independent population forecasts. Population ‘forecasts’ were created for small areas of Australia over the horizon 2006–16 and compared against population estimates. The most accurate implementation is found to be the Hamilton-Perry model using a combination of Cohort Change Ratios and Cohort Change Differences, smoothed age profiles, and with constraining to independent forecasts.","PeriodicalId":43022,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Demography","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Community Boosts Immunity? Exploring the Relationship Between Social Capital and COVID-19 Social Distancing. 社区提高免疫力?探讨社会资本与COVID-19社会距离的关系

IF 1.9

Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00096-5

Joseph Gibbons, Tse-Chuan Yang, Eyal Oren

引用次数: 3

Physical Spacing and Social Interaction Before the Global Pandemic. 全球大流行前的物理间隔和社会互动。

IF 1.9

Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00100-y

Mathew Creighton, Daniel Capistrano, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski

{"title":"Physical Spacing and Social Interaction Before the Global Pandemic.","authors":"Mathew Creighton, Daniel Capistrano, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski","doi":"10.1007/s40980-021-00100-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40980-021-00100-y","url":null,"abstract":"Subsequent to the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of COVID-19, policy to limit the further spread has focused on increasing distance between individuals when interacting, often termed social distancing although physical distancing is more accurate (Das Gupta and Wong in Canadian J Public Health 111:488-489, 2020; Gale in Is 'social distancing' the wrong term? Expert prefers 'physical distancing,' and the WHO agrees. The Washington Post, 2020; Sørensen et al. in Glob Health Promot, 28:5-14, 2021), and limiting the frequency of interaction by limiting/prohibiting non-essential and large-scale social gatherings. This research note focuses on social spacing, defined by distance and interaction, to offer a cross-cultural insight into social distancing and social interactions in the pre-pandemic period. Combining unique data on frequency of contact, religious service attendance and preferred interpersonal spacing in 20 countries, this research note considers variation in the extent to which physical distance was already practiced without official recommendations and underscores notable cross-cultural variation in the extent to which social interaction occurred. Results suggest that policy intervention should emphasize certain behavioral changes based on pre-existing context-specific patterns of interaction and interpersonal spacing rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. This research note is a descriptive first step that allows unique insight into social spacing and contact prior to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It provides a baseline typology and a reference for future work on the cross-cultural implications of COVID-19 for pre-pandemic socio-cultural practice and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":43022,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Demography","volume":"10 1","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8513564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39527319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Violence in Stone: Confederate Monuments and Lynchings in the US South 石头上的暴力:美国南部的邦联纪念碑和私刑

IF 1.9

Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00098-3

Katie L. Turner, Leah Binkovitz

引用次数: 0

Race, Adolescent Exposure to Segregation, and Adulthood Residential Mobility into and out of Lower-Poverty Neighborhoods 种族、青少年面临种族隔离和成年后进出低贫困社区的流动性

IF 1.9

Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00090-x

Ryan Gabriel, Christine Leibbrand, Chris Hess, K. Crowder

引用次数: 0

More than Just Independent Subfields: An Introduction to a Special Issue on Race and Space 不仅仅是独立的子领域:种族和空间特刊简介