AIMS Medical Science最新文献_第3页

Immunotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy 弥漫性大b细胞淋巴瘤的免疫治疗:目前使用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗

AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2023020

Luis Miguel Juárez-Salcedo, Luis Manuel González, Samir Dalia

{"title":"Immunotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy","authors":"Luis Miguel Juárez-Salcedo, Luis Manuel González, Samir Dalia","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2023020","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> Patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have high cure rates with current treatment options including immuno-polychemotherapy. However, around 30% of cases do not respond or develop relapse disease. For this, it is necessary to search for new therapeutic options. In recent years, therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has been a strategy for those patients with LBDCG in progression or relapse, although only 30–40% of cases achieve durable remissions. The programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor regulates the T-cell-mediated immune response through binding to its ligands (PD-L1). Some tumor cells present high expression of PD-L1, which down-regulates T-cell activation. The beneficial antitumor activity of PD-1 and PD-L1 has been widely demonstrated in certain solid organ malignancies. However, their utility in the treatment of lymphomas is complex. To date, different clinical trials have demonstrated its usefulness as an innovative therapeutic alternative in these tumors. In this review article, we evaluate the literature on the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in DLBCL and describe future strategies involving these new anticancer agents in this lymphoid neoplasm. </abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial efflux pumps and their inhibitors: recent developments 金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌外排泵及其抑制剂:最新进展

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022018

M. Lekshmi, J. Stephen, M. Ojha, Sanath H. Kumar, M. Varela

引用次数: 4

Bedside tests of muscle mass in older adults with Type 2 diabetes 老年2型糖尿病患者肌肉质量的床边试验

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022022

K. Madden, B. Feldman, Shane Arishenkoff, G. Meneilly

{"title":"Bedside tests of muscle mass in older adults with Type 2 diabetes","authors":"K. Madden, B. Feldman, Shane Arishenkoff, G. Meneilly","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022022","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><sec> <title>Objective</title> Diabetes and sarcopenia often coexist in older adults, suggesting a possible bidirectional association. Available bedside measures of muscle mass consist of bedside ultrasound (MT, quadriceps muscle thickness) and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). We examined the association between ultrasound measures and BIA measures of muscle in older adults with measures of strength, performance and frailty in older adults with diabetes. </sec><sec> <title>Design</title> Cross-sectional study. </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> 81 subjects (age ≥ 65; mean age 80.8 ± 0.6 years, 27 women, 53 men) were recruited sequentially from geriatric medicine clinics. Each subject had Lean Body Mass (LBM, by BIA, in kg), grip strength, gait speed, Cardiovascular Health Study index (frailty) and MT (in cm) measured. All initial models were adjusted for biological sex. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> In our final parsimonious models, only MT (as opposed to LBM) showed a significant correlation with grip strength (Standardized β = 0.217 ± 0.078; p = 0.007) and frailty (Standardized β = 0.276 ± 0.109; p = 0.013). Neither MT or LBM showed a significant association with subject performance (gait speed). </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions</title> Unlike BIA, bedside ultrasound measures of muscle thickness showed strong associations with both grip strength and frailty in the older adult population with diabetes, suggesting that bedside measures of MT might be a more clinically useful modality to assess muscularity in this patient population. Neither BIA or MT measures of subject muscularity showed any association with our performance indicator (gait speed). </sec></abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77664215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students 了解 COVID-19 大流行对大学生的心理影响

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022001

B. Kara

引用次数: 2

Do we trust the government? Attributes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in Nigeria 我们信任政府吗?尼日利亚COVID-19疫苗犹豫和接受的属性

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022010

Osmond C Ekwebelem, H. Onyeaka, Ismaeel Yunusa, T. Miri, Yahwedalu M. Onwuneme, Ayeni T. Eunice, A. Anyogu, Bright C Obi, N. Carol

{"title":"Do we trust the government? Attributes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in Nigeria","authors":"Osmond C Ekwebelem, H. Onyeaka, Ismaeel Yunusa, T. Miri, Yahwedalu M. Onwuneme, Ayeni T. Eunice, A. Anyogu, Bright C Obi, N. Carol","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives A significant percentage of the population must be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Therefore the success of a vaccination program relies on the level of acceptance. This present study seeks to understand COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria by assessing the public's willingness to get vaccinated. Study design This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were derived through a structured online survey. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult residents in Nigeria in March 2021 using a structured online questionnaire. The questionnaire surveyed participants' demographic characteristics and perception of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Chi-square, as well as univariable logistic regression to determine the factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted. Results Of the 618 respondents, 272 (44%) reported being willing to get vaccinated. Interestingly, of the 346 (56%) respondents that would not take the COVID-19 vaccine, the highest marginal reasons for non-acceptance were lack of trust in the government 163 (47.1%), followed by the belief that the vaccine is not safe 67 (19.4%), and no enough information about the vaccine 49 (13.6%). In addition, male respondents and those with a university degree or above were statistically significantly more likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion A considerable proportion of the study population is unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. This observation highlights the need for the government, public health officials, and advocacy groups to implement immediate awareness-raising measures to sway the public towards COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Abdominal pregnancy—a diagnosis never to miss 腹式妊娠——一个绝对不能错过的诊断

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022015

V. Dinwoke, Michael Amara, Linda Uzo Amara

{"title":"Abdominal pregnancy—a diagnosis never to miss","authors":"V. Dinwoke, Michael Amara, Linda Uzo Amara","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022015","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> Abdominal pregnancy is very rare, with only a few gynecologists being fortunate to encounter it all through their professional careers. It makes up only 1% of all ectopic pregnancies but has very high perinatal and maternal mortality of 95% and 18% respectively. Hemorrhagic and infectious complications account for these. Removal of the placenta at laparotomy is a big dilemma as torrential bleeding may ensue. </sec><sec> <title>Case</title> We report the case of an undergraduate teenager who was referred with features of septicemia and anemia following unsafe vaginal instrumentation by a patent medicine dealer (a person without formal training in pharmacy but sells orthodox medications on retail basis) in a bid to terminate an extrauterine pregnancy. Ultrasonography confirmed a nonviable abdominal pregnancy of 20 weeks. </sec><sec> <title>Result</title> She had exploratory laparotomy with the evacuation of the dead fetus and successful complete removal of the placenta. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful. </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> In view of the grave complications like a pelvic abscess, disseminated intravascular coagulation and bowel obstruction that may accompany retention of the placenta in advanced abdominal pregnancy, optimal placental removal at surgery is recommended whenever feasible. </sec></abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86906091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The effectiveness of an educational session about folic acid on pregnant women's knowledge in Yanbu City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯王国延布市孕妇叶酸知识教育课程的效果

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022019

Ahlam Al-Zahrani, Shorooq Al-Marwani

{"title":"The effectiveness of an educational session about folic acid on pregnant women's knowledge in Yanbu City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ahlam Al-Zahrani, Shorooq Al-Marwani","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022019","url":null,"abstract":"Background Folic Acid (FA) is an important nutritional element during pregnancy. It is B vitamin which is found in the natural and complementary source. Deficiency of FA during pregnancy leads to many maternal and fetal complications such as neural tube defect (NTD), birth defect, spontaneous abortion, and megaloblastic anemia. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an educational session about FA on pregnant women's knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A quasi-experimental design was conducted on sixty-five pregnant women from the outpatient clinic in Yanbu General Hospital (YGH) using pre-test and post-test questionnaire to assess their FA knowledge. A purposeful sampling method was used to involve the study participants. All the findings were analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistic was used to first generate information about the study participants, after which a t-test was conducted. Results The participants had poor knowledge about FA before the session but the level was increased after the session with mean difference 5.49. Majority of the study participants 81.5% had knowledge that FA protects against NTD. While, 70% understood that FA is an important vitamin during pregnancy. There is a significant association between the age, income, working status, age of marriage, and knowledge of participants. Conclusions An educational session had good effect on pregnant women's knowledge. Health care providers and social media should play more active role to increase the knowledge of FA to pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90613691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Prothrombotic role of antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with sickle cell disease 抗磷脂抗体在镰状细胞病患者血栓形成的作用

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022017

A. Petrungaro, E. Quartarone, L. Rigoli, P. Sciarrone

引用次数: 0

Recurrence after treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck 头颈部动静脉畸形治疗后复发

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022003

Do Thi Ngoc Linh, Lâm Khánh, L. Dung, Nguyen Hong Ha, Tran Cao Son, N. M. Duc

{"title":"Recurrence after treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck","authors":"Do Thi Ngoc Linh, Lâm Khánh, L. Dung, Nguyen Hong Ha, Tran Cao Son, N. M. Duc","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are aggressive diseases with a high tendency to recur. AVM treatment is complex, especially in the anatomically difficult head and neck region. This study analyzed correlations between extracranial head and neck AVM presentations and the frequency of recurrence. Methods We retrospectively assessed AVM recurrence among 55 patients with head and neck AVMs treated with embolization and resection between January 2008 and December 2015. Recurrence was defined as any evidence of AVM expansion following embolization and resection. Patient variables, including sex, age, AVM size, AVM location, stage, and treatment modalities, were examined for correlations with the recurrence of head and neck AVMs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Results A total of 55 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up following AVM treatment with embolization and surgical resection were enrolled in this study. During follow-up, 14 of 55 patients experienced recurrence (the long-term recurrence rate was 25.5%). Sex, stage, AVM size, and treatment modality were identified as independent predictors of recurrence. Recurrence was less likely following the treatment of lower-stage or smaller lesions and did not correlate with age or location. Conclusions AVMs of the head and neck are among the most challenging conditions to manage due to a high risk of recurrence. Early and total AVM resection is the best method for preventing recurrence.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges facing pharmaceutical care provision in Nigerian tertiary hospitals: A short review 尼日利亚三级医院提供药学服务面临的挑战:简要回顾

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AIMS Medical Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2022026

Adeniyi Ayinde Abdulwahab, Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa, Nwachuya Chukwuemeka Augustine, Akwue Marytheresa Chinaza, Muhsinah Adesewa Abdulwasiu, Agada Emmanuella Chinecherem, Usman Ridwan Kolade, Timileyin Omolayo Awolola, Taiwo Olawehinmi, Y. Adebisi

{"title":"Challenges facing pharmaceutical care provision in Nigerian tertiary hospitals: A short review","authors":"Adeniyi Ayinde Abdulwahab, Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa, Nwachuya Chukwuemeka Augustine, Akwue Marytheresa Chinaza, Muhsinah Adesewa Abdulwasiu, Agada Emmanuella Chinecherem, Usman Ridwan Kolade, Timileyin Omolayo Awolola, Taiwo Olawehinmi, Y. Adebisi","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022026","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical care is the core of pharmacy practice. The reform and development of this practice are essential for the optimization of patient care and improvement of population safety. While pharmaceutical care has been established to have a long history in Nigeria, the implementation of the practice in Nigeria's tertiary health system is very limited and, in some regions, non-existent. Challenges such as knowledge deficits of pharmacists and the inadequacy of practice guidelines, a lack of knowledge, support, and an enabling environment to foster inclusiveness, limited access to patient records, the absence of documentation of interventions and the paucity of policy support and implementation, among others, stall pharmaceutical care provision in Nigeria's tertiary institutions. Here, we recommend that improving the interprofessional environment through collaboration, adequate regulations and policy development, the design of insurance and health support, pharmacy education, training and research optimization will bolster the pharmaceutical care practice in Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Moving the practice of pharmaceutical care in Nigerian tertiary hospitals requires transformational change and strategic collaboration among the pharmacists and health community.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0