AIMS Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Correlates of sedentary behaviors in Austrian children and adolescents","authors":"Klaus Greier, Clemens Drenowatz, Carla Greier, Elisabeth Haas, Markus Posch, Gerhard Ruedl, Herbert Riechelmann","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2023022","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>A large proportion of children and adolescents spend their leisure time with predominantly sedentary pursuits and do not reach the WHO physical activity recommendations. As there remains limited research on specific sedentary behaviors in Austrian children and adolescents, we investigated time spent sitting and the utilization of various media during school days and the weekend in 6- to 15-year-old schoolchildren. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected in Spring 2022 with a standardized questionnaire that was based on the “Heidelberger Questionnaire for the Assessment of Sitting Behavior in Children and Adolescents”. Questions examined the frequency and duration of different sedentary behaviors separately for weekdays and weekends. A total of 2061 students were included in the analyses. Various factors, including school grade, sex, or recreational behavior, were implemented in a multifactorial ANOVA accounting for 1st order interactions. The mean sitting time of children and adolescents of all eight school grades was 10.4 ± 1.7 hours, with 56.7% associated with school. A significant increase in sitting time was observed from 1st grade (10.0 ± 1.3 h) to 8th grade (12.3 ± 1.2 h; p &amp;lt; 0.01), while sleep duration decreased with increasing age (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Media use was 1.2 ± 0.7 h in 1st grade and increased to 3.2 ± 1.2 h by 8th grade (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Physical activity decreased from 4.5 ± 1.4 h to 3.6 ± 1.0 h during the same period. While the increase in sitting time on weekdays was at the expense of sleep duration, the increase in sitting time on weekend days was at the expense of time spent in physical activity. In summary, there was a substantial increase in sedentary time from 1st to 8th grade, with school-related sedentary time accounting for the largest proportion, followed by a large increase in time spent with electronic media with increasing age. In addition, high sedentary time may come at the expense of sufficient sleep time, which further emphasizes the need to address sedentary behavior and sleep as important health correlates.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedside tests of muscle mass in older adults with Type 2 diabetes","authors":"K. Madden, B. Feldman, Shane Arishenkoff, G. Meneilly","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022022","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><sec> <title>Objective</title> <p>Diabetes and sarcopenia often coexist in older adults, suggesting a possible bidirectional association. Available bedside measures of muscle mass consist of bedside ultrasound (MT, quadriceps muscle thickness) and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). We examined the association between ultrasound measures and BIA measures of muscle in older adults with measures of strength, performance and frailty in older adults with diabetes.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Design</title> <p>Cross-sectional study.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>81 subjects (age ≥ 65; mean age 80.8 ± 0.6 years, 27 women, 53 men) were recruited sequentially from geriatric medicine clinics. Each subject had Lean Body Mass (LBM, by BIA, in kg), grip strength, gait speed, Cardiovascular Health Study index (frailty) and MT (in cm) measured. All initial models were adjusted for biological sex.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> <p>In our final parsimonious models, only MT (as opposed to LBM) showed a significant correlation with grip strength (Standardized β = 0.217 ± 0.078; p = 0.007) and frailty (Standardized β = 0.276 ± 0.109; p = 0.013). Neither MT or LBM showed a significant association with subject performance (gait speed).</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>Unlike BIA, bedside ultrasound measures of muscle thickness showed strong associations with both grip strength and frailty in the older adult population with diabetes, suggesting that bedside measures of MT might be a more clinically useful modality to assess muscularity in this patient population. Neither BIA or MT measures of subject muscularity showed any association with our performance indicator (gait speed).</p> </sec></abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77664215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students","authors":"B. Kara","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022001","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"fr\" />","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78367411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do we trust the government? Attributes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in Nigeria","authors":"Osmond C Ekwebelem, H. Onyeaka, Ismaeel Yunusa, T. Miri, Yahwedalu M. Onwuneme, Ayeni T. Eunice, A. Anyogu, Bright C Obi, N. Carol","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives A significant percentage of the population must be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Therefore the success of a vaccination program relies on the level of acceptance. This present study seeks to understand COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria by assessing the public's willingness to get vaccinated. Study design This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were derived through a structured online survey. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult residents in Nigeria in March 2021 using a structured online questionnaire. The questionnaire surveyed participants' demographic characteristics and perception of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Chi-square, as well as univariable logistic regression to determine the factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted. Results Of the 618 respondents, 272 (44%) reported being willing to get vaccinated. Interestingly, of the 346 (56%) respondents that would not take the COVID-19 vaccine, the highest marginal reasons for non-acceptance were lack of trust in the government 163 (47.1%), followed by the belief that the vaccine is not safe 67 (19.4%), and no enough information about the vaccine 49 (13.6%). In addition, male respondents and those with a university degree or above were statistically significantly more likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion A considerable proportion of the study population is unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. This observation highlights the need for the government, public health officials, and advocacy groups to implement immediate awareness-raising measures to sway the public towards COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial efflux pumps and their inhibitors: recent developments","authors":"M. Lekshmi, J. Stephen, M. Ojha, Sanath H. Kumar, M. Varela","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022018","url":null,"abstract":"The microorganism Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious causative agent of bacterial infection. The widespread presence of this pathogen has caused significant morbidity and mortality rates in clinical healthcare settings and communities. Due to its increasingly frequent recalcitrant nature towards clinically available antimicrobial agents, the bacterium poses a considerable public health crisis. A significant bacterial mechanism of antimicrobial agent resistance includes multidrug efflux pump systems. These antimicrobial efflux determinants translate into several large superfamilies of transporters that share related amino acid sequences, similarities in three-dimensional structures, modes of energization, and solute transport catalysis across the membrane. Because of their ubiquitous nature and functional role in virulence, these multidrug transporters make good targets for inhibition. This review briefly summarizes recent key findings regarding multidrug efflux activity and modulation in the MATE, SMR, and MFS transporters.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89710104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal pregnancy—a diagnosis never to miss","authors":"V. Dinwoke, Michael Amara, Linda Uzo Amara","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022015","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> <p>Abdominal pregnancy is very rare, with only a few gynecologists being fortunate to encounter it all through their professional careers. It makes up only 1% of all ectopic pregnancies but has very high perinatal and maternal mortality of 95% and 18% respectively. Hemorrhagic and infectious complications account for these. Removal of the placenta at laparotomy is a big dilemma as torrential bleeding may ensue.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Case</title> <p>We report the case of an undergraduate teenager who was referred with features of septicemia and anemia following unsafe vaginal instrumentation by a patent medicine dealer (a person without formal training in pharmacy but sells orthodox medications on retail basis) in a bid to terminate an extrauterine pregnancy. Ultrasonography confirmed a nonviable abdominal pregnancy of 20 weeks.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Result</title> <p>She had exploratory laparotomy with the evacuation of the dead fetus and successful complete removal of the placenta. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>In view of the grave complications like a pelvic abscess, disseminated intravascular coagulation and bowel obstruction that may accompany retention of the placenta in advanced abdominal pregnancy, optimal placental removal at surgery is recommended whenever feasible.</p> </sec></abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86906091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrence after treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck","authors":"Do Thi Ngoc Linh, Lâm Khánh, L. Dung, Nguyen Hong Ha, Tran Cao Son, N. M. Duc","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are aggressive diseases with a high tendency to recur. AVM treatment is complex, especially in the anatomically difficult head and neck region. This study analyzed correlations between extracranial head and neck AVM presentations and the frequency of recurrence. Methods We retrospectively assessed AVM recurrence among 55 patients with head and neck AVMs treated with embolization and resection between January 2008 and December 2015. Recurrence was defined as any evidence of AVM expansion following embolization and resection. Patient variables, including sex, age, AVM size, AVM location, stage, and treatment modalities, were examined for correlations with the recurrence of head and neck AVMs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Results A total of 55 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up following AVM treatment with embolization and surgical resection were enrolled in this study. During follow-up, 14 of 55 patients experienced recurrence (the long-term recurrence rate was 25.5%). Sex, stage, AVM size, and treatment modality were identified as independent predictors of recurrence. Recurrence was less likely following the treatment of lower-stage or smaller lesions and did not correlate with age or location. Conclusions AVMs of the head and neck are among the most challenging conditions to manage due to a high risk of recurrence. Early and total AVM resection is the best method for preventing recurrence.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of an educational session about folic acid on pregnant women's knowledge in Yanbu City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ahlam Al-Zahrani, Shorooq Al-Marwani","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022019","url":null,"abstract":"Background Folic Acid (FA) is an important nutritional element during pregnancy. It is B vitamin which is found in the natural and complementary source. Deficiency of FA during pregnancy leads to many maternal and fetal complications such as neural tube defect (NTD), birth defect, spontaneous abortion, and megaloblastic anemia. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an educational session about FA on pregnant women's knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A quasi-experimental design was conducted on sixty-five pregnant women from the outpatient clinic in Yanbu General Hospital (YGH) using pre-test and post-test questionnaire to assess their FA knowledge. A purposeful sampling method was used to involve the study participants. All the findings were analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistic was used to first generate information about the study participants, after which a t-test was conducted. Results The participants had poor knowledge about FA before the session but the level was increased after the session with mean difference 5.49. Majority of the study participants 81.5% had knowledge that FA protects against NTD. While, 70% understood that FA is an important vitamin during pregnancy. There is a significant association between the age, income, working status, age of marriage, and knowledge of participants. Conclusions An educational session had good effect on pregnant women's knowledge. Health care providers and social media should play more active role to increase the knowledge of FA to pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90613691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prothrombotic role of antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with sickle cell disease","authors":"A. Petrungaro, E. Quartarone, L. Rigoli, P. Sciarrone","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022017","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited condition in African, Caribbean, and Mediterranean countries. SCD is a hematologic disorder caused by a well-characterized point mutation in the β-globin gene, which produces an abnormal hemoglobin S that results in the sickling of red blood cells in deoxygenated conditions. Patients with SCD display a “hypercoagulation state” leading to an increased risk of severe venous and arterial thrombotic vascular events. Herein we report a case of severe thrombotic complications in a patient with SCD who showed high antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) levels during vascular occlusions.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90701447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical pharmacology to support monoclonal antibody drug development","authors":"Sharon Lu","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2022014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2022014","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical pharmacology is a multidisciplinary function playing a critical role in the monoclonal antibody development. Besides the requirements of understanding pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, model simulation, biostatistics and immunogenicity, wisely implementation of tactics and strategies to fulfill the agencies' requirements per guidance documents are critical. In this review, clinical pharmacology studies categorized as required, target dependent, development strategy dependent, and not usually needed are discussed. The review ends with the outlook of recent initiations in the clinical pharmacology such as the application of QSP with the integration of AI and machine learning technologies.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84669711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}