Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya最新文献

{"title":"Memory of Betraition: The Image of a Collaborationist in Post-War Soviet Cinema","authors":"O. Romanko, E. Prosolova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Researchers have studied manifestations of collaborationism of Soviet citizens during the Great Patriotic War quite well, however, the problem of the perception of collaborators in the postwar period needs additional coverage. Of particular interest is the reflection of this topic in art cinema, which was one of the most important means of propaganda. Methods and materials. The basis of the study was a systematic approach. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were applied, in addition, content analysis was used to identify characteristic characters, images, ideas in films. The study was carried out on the basis of published materials, as well as archival files, which make it possible to compare the motivation of collaborators during the Great Patriotic War with its representation in Soviet cinema. Analysis. The study of the evolution of the coverage of the Great Patriotic War and related events in cinema made it possible to identify the main genre and stylistic devices used to demonstrate the place and role of collaborators. Through the analysis of the motivation of collaborators based on the protocols of their interrogations and investigative cases, as well as the consideration of their behavior in feature films, the functions of this topic in the Soviet propaganda discourse were determined. Results. The study of the methods and forms of demonstration of collaborationism showed this problem was reflected in Soviet cinema throughout the entire post-war period. Cooperation with the Germans was explained by several reasons: nationalist motives, hatred of the Soviet regime, cowardice or a desire to save one’s own life, or pathological manifestations up to mental illness. Authors’ contribution. O.V. Romanko proposed the concept of the article, supervised the research, studied the sources and historiography of the problem, and edited the final text of the paper. E.V. Prosolova carried out analytical work on the analysis of sources, systematization and classification of the image of a collaborator in Soviet cinema, designed the text of the article.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91138743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V.P. Nekrasov’s Story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” – The Reality of War and the Artistic Text","authors":"Maxim Opalev","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the battle for the Height 102.0 (Mamayev Kurgan), which had a great strategic command in the battle of the Red Army for the city of Stalingrad. One of the outstanding monuments of national literature devoted to the Great Patriotic War is the story of Victor Platonovich Nekrasov “In the trenches of Stalingrad.” It marked the beginning of the genre of the so-called “lieutenants’ prose”, that is, the narrative of events not from a professional literary propagandist, but from a direct participant in hostilities. A significant part of the work takes place in the area of Mamayev Kurgan, where the author of the story actually took part in the battle. The lower chronological boundary of the period is due to the beginning of the battle for the Mamayev Kurgan in September 1942. The upper boundary is defined by the capture of the Red Army Height 102.0 as a key section of German positions near the factory district of Stalingrad. Methods and materials. The methodology of the research is based on the main methods of historical science (comparative, biographical, problem-chronological). Based on a comparative analysis carried out on the text of Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov’s story “In the trenches of Stalingrad” with the original records of military units, with authentic graphic materials, maps and diagrams, the factual basis of the work’s plot and a high degree of its documentary nature were revealed. The author of the article believes that the study of V.P. Nekrasov’s story as a work of fiction has so far been only an object of analysis for philologists and culturologists. This interdisciplinary historical study will help establish the real picture of the fighting for Height 102.0 over Stalingrad, and sources will confirm or deny the picture of the events described in the story. Analysis. The conclusions of this work are based on the analysis of military documents of domestic military archives and comparing them with the text of the story, which is considered not as a work of fiction, but as a testimony of a participant in the event. Results. Due to the conducted research, we have an opportunity to compare the evidence from the military biography of V.P. Nekrasov and his comrades-in-arms, actually confirmed by declassified archive documents, with the peculiarities of the author’s images of the literary characters in the cultural and historical context of the era.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"24 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80865770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Officer Corps of the Polish Army in the USSR and in the Polish People’s Army (Wojsko Polskie), 1943–1945","authors":"Alexey Bezugolny","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. On the territory of the Soviet Union, Polish troops intended for joint struggle with Nazi Germany were formed twice. The first attempt was unsuccessful: the army of General V. Anders, after complex political maneuvers in which the Western Allies participated, was withdrawn to the territory of Iran in 1942. The second attempt, undertaken in the spring of 1943, was much more successful: in two years, over 300,000 Polish troops were deployed. Methods and materials. The method of historicism was used in the development of the article. The research is based on the materials declassified in recent years by Soviet state and military authorities, as well as materials from documentary publications and research literature. Analysis. The article analyzes the most acute problem associated with the reconstruction of the Polish Army – the staffing of military units with officers. The reasons for the chronic shortage of officers of Polish nationality and the main ways of their research are shown: training in specialized military educational institutions organized, mobilization of Polish officers in the liberated territories, secondment of Soviet officers to the Polish Army. The specific difficulties in this work are considered. Results. The re-establishment of the officer corps of the Polish army was the result of purposeful coordinated efforts of the highest authorities of the Soviet Union, the leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Defense and the command of the Polish Army, which allowed Poles to take part in joint operations with the Red Army in the final defeat of German Nazism.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82435139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Civil Wars in Byzantium in the Middle of the 14th Century (Stating the Problem)","authors":"A. Zykova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This work aims to highlight features of the relationship between Church and State in Byzantium in the period from 1341 to 1357, i.e. during the civil wars, through the systematization and typology of source material. Various types of sources are involved in the study. Its relevance is determined by the insufficient coverage of this aspect in domestic and foreign historiography. Methods and materials. The work uses a systematic approach, as well as a deep analysis of written sources. Analysis. Based on the analysis of written sources, we find out the degree of involvement of the patriarchs of Constantinople in the civil wars in the middle of the 14th century, which is defined as 1) the direct participation of the patriarchs in the civil wars; 2) the use of patriarchs for their own purposes by participants of these conflicts; and 3) the covert participation of patriarchs in the conflicts. Results. It turns out that the role that the church played in the political events of this period was quite high.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"47 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72558776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Byzantine Iron Processional Crosses of Eastern Taurica","authors":"V. Maiko","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A special category of Byzantine Christian liturgical objects is the iron crosses with an elongated lower beam. Scientists have established that they were used by the population of the provincial-Byzantine settlements of southern Taurica for a variety of liturgical purposes. Based on this, almost all discovered objects are divided into types and produced in a relatively narrow chronological framework. For eastern Taurica, such products were not analyzed and were not compared with southern coastal materials, which make this work relevant. The source base of the work consists of 8 iron crosses, which could not be used as pectoral. Five different-time products were recorded during excavations of medieval Sugdeja. Two objects were found during excavations of the Otuzy 2 settlement (8th – 10th centuries) on the border of the Sudak and Feodosia regions. One cross comes from excavations of the settlement of Artesian in the Leninsky district. Only three of these crosses are published. Methods and materials. Standard methods of comparative stylistic analysis were used. Analysis. A careful analysis of the archaeological contexts of object discovery and the most striking analogies allow us to distinguish several chronological groups that differ in both morphology and origin. Results. The obtained data allow us to distinguish three chronological groups of crosses from the turn of the 9th – 10th centuries and until the first half of the 15th century. All of them differ not only in morphological features, but also in functional purpose. Despite this, most of the iron crosses considered could be used as processional crosses.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90334962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Networks for Sustainable Development: The World Bank and Russian Flaring Legislation","authors":"A. Crowley-Vigneau, A. Baykov, Yelena Kalyuzhnova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper deals with the international environmental norms on combatting the flaring of Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) and its adoption by Russia (decrees no. 7 and 1148). Flaring, or the systematic burning of associated gas during oil production, leads to the release of carbon dioxide and other harmful substances, endangering the surrounding and global environment. Methods. The authors use qualitative methods resting upon the analysis of primary and secondary documents, including articles from the media, legal texts, official communications and scholarly literature, to trace back the conditions that brought about the emergence of a distinct international norms condemning flaring. Analysis. The analysis of the norm through its life cycle reveals that the multi-faceted framing strategies employed by the Transnational Advocacy Network allowed the issue of flaring to gain salience in a relatively short timeframe. The flexible, durable, technical and apolitical approach adopted by the World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction Private Public partnership explains the Russian Government’s willingness to address the issue of flaring and to legislate on APG utilization. Results. The findings suggest that international campaigning for environmental protection need not be confrontational and that transnational advocacy networks may gain in efficiency if they adopt targeted strategies and systematically recode their message for each group of actors they plan to sensitize. Authors contribution. This article is based on research carried out by one of the authors, Anne Crowley-Vigneau for her dual doctoral thesis on international norms and Local Content policies completed at MGIMO University and the University of Reading. As the coordinating author she gathered the primary data through expert interviews. Andrey Baykov participated in coding, triangulating the data and studying legal documents. Prof. Yelena Kalyuzhnova, the supervisor of this research, provided guidance and created the research methodology. The writing of the paper was a joint effort of all three authors.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Issue of Methodology for Evaluating Resource Potential of Archaeological Sites in the System of Means Aimed at to Popularize Historical and Cultural Heritage of Russia’s Regions","authors":"V. Zolotovskiy, P. Lysikov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The task of the study is to identify and characterize the means of popularization of the regional historical and cultural heritage on the example of archaeological monuments of Volgograd Oblast. Taking into account the need to diversify regional cultural and educational tourism, to actualize new practices in heritage tourism we consider it necessary to focus on the archaeological heritage unique for most regions. Due to its interactivity and the possibility of combining several forms of recreational and cultural and cognitive activities, archaeological tourism can also become one of the most promising forms of promotion of cultural and historical heritage. Developing a methodology for assessing the archaeological potential of the region in the field of tourism will allow us to understand the principle of formation of a unique geo-cultural image of the region as the basis of cultural and historical framework. Methods. Assessment of the archaeotourism potential of Volgograd Oblast is possible with a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), and applied methods, such as the questionnaire and Geographic Information System (GIS). Analysis. We identified the criteria for assessing the archaeotourism potential of the region the number of which can be limited to 1 quantitative and 7 qualitative indicators ranked on an assessment scale with 4 rating points – 0, 2, 4 and 5. Since the selected evaluation criteria play an unequal role in the formation of the tourist potential of the territory, it was necessary to determine the weighted coefficients for each of them. Results. The development of archaeological tourism acting as the most accessible and most popular forms of popularization of cultural heritage will be provided by the development of the territory’s historical and cultural framework based on a comprehensive assessment of the tourist potential of the region. The methodology was proposed in the framework of this study. Authors’ contribution. V.A. Zolotovskiy prepared the part devoted to the actualization and identification of the research topic. P.I. Lysikov developed an adequate methodology for assessing the archaeotourism potential of the Volgograd Oblast.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80543317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the 80th Anniversary of Professor V.A. Kitaev","authors":"O. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.20","url":null,"abstract":"The article was prepared for the 80th anniversary of the doctor of historical sciences, professor Vladimir Anatolyevich Kitaev. Student of the outstanding soviet historian P.A. Zaionchkovsky, graduate of Gorky State University V.A. Kitaev is an authoritative expert in the field of social movement and public thought in Russia of the 19th century. V.A. Kitaev revealed and convincingly proved that the Russian thought of the 19th century sought answers to topical political and socio-economic issues on the path of ideological synthesis. Conservatism contained elements of liberalism (slavophiles); Russian liberals have not escaped the influence of conservative ideas (K.D. Kavelin, B.N. Chicherin); the journal “Bulletin of Europe” became the ancestor of social liberalism in Russia; one of the leaders of the decembrists, P.I. Pestel, in his constitutional draft attempted to combine liberalism, conservatism, and socialism. The article suggests that such an ideological synthesis could be a reflection of the ideas of the Russian people, which contained the age-old dreams of freedom and the pursuit of it, commitment to traditional national and state values, thirst for social justice. In 1983–1999 V.A. Kitaev worked at Volgograd State University. He was the first dean of the Faculty of History and permanent head of the Department of Russian History. Under his leadership the traditions of the Faculty of History (now the Institute of History, international relations and social technologies) were laid. Now V.A. Kitaev is a professor at Nizhny Novgorod State University.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86817504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capital with Eagles from Laspi","authors":"Vladimir Kirilko","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In 1978–1980, during the excavations of a 10th – 11th century’s house in Laspi, were found fragments of marl capital, which was decorated with eagle figurines. The aim of the study is reconstruction of this architectural detail and the introduction of the artifact into scientific circulation. Methods. The methodological basis of the studies is made up of a detailed description, graphic interpretation and formal-stylistic analysis of the fragments. The method of analogies is used in restoring of structural links and identifying of individual elements, which were completely or partially lost. Analysis. Among the surviving fragments all the main parts are represented. They do not fit together, but structurally and compositionally complement each other, which makes it possible to relatively reliably restore the original appearance of an architectural detail. The capital consisted of two zones and had exquisite carved decor. The relief images of the birds that supported the edges of the abacus are made with the utmost anatomical precision. The lower part of the artifact was decorated with four identical leaves of acanthus, which were made using the technique of a small tooth. Each of them was framed by an arch. Results. The capital is a unique piece of local stone sculpture of the 10th century, exact analogies of which are unknown neither in the territory of Crimea, nor over its borders. While it was making, the master could use an early Byzantine product as a sample, which was subsequently lost or has not yet been found.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74344595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Orthodox Labour in Early Modern Russia","authors":"H. Nolte","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"While the Tsardom Russia in Early Modern Times till the 18th century experienced a constant demographic loss to slavehunters supplying the markets of Muslim Empires, there also was an influx of Non-Orthodox Prisoners of War (from Muslim Tatars to Protestant Swedes) and socially weak people from annexed territories. Most Jasak-paying communities remained ethnically Non-Russian, but some Non-Orthodox “foreigners” by being sold or selling themselves left their communities and entered the status of peasants respectively kholops. These mostly were integrated into the Russian Orthodox flock. By prohibiting Orthodox people to serve in Non-Orthodox households clergy and government hoped to safeguard laypeople against other creeds, but strengthened the labour-market of Non-Orthodox servants. Muslim estate-owners, Armenian merchants, German doctors, Scottish officers etc. wanted servants in house and garden to care for their households and keep their social standings. Non-Orthodox servants, referred to but not regulated in the basic law of 1649, remained ethnically Non-Russian and confirmed Russia’s character as “multi-ethnic Empire”.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"425 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76488957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}