Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Geographic Region on Fatty Acid and Physical Properties of Indonesian Cocoa Butter from Smallholder Estate","authors":"H. Firmanto, S. Supriyanto, Sri Anggraheni, A. Susilo, B. Setyawan","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.350","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Cocoa butter is the most essensial component in chocolate formulation and represent the biggest characteristic of this product. Indonesia is the third cocoa producers with cocoa producing area spread out in different geographic region and may affect in cocoa butter profiles. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the fatty acid characteristic and physical properties of cocoa butter from smallholder estate relate to geographic region and climate. This experiment was conducted using unfermented cocoa bean from smallholder estate in eight provinces of Indonesian most growing areas. Fatty acid composition evaluated through the different region and physical properties evaluated in melting profiles and solid fat content. The result explain the fatty acid characteristic of Indonesian cocoa butter consist of palmitic acid (C16:0) 26.28–29.20%, stearic acid (C18:0) 32,14–37.29% and oleic acid (C18:1) 32,14–37,29%. Growing temperature signifi- cantly affects the increase of palmitic acid composition contribute to cocoa butter hardness. Cocoa butter completely melt in temperature of 36.65–39.20OC and solid fat content ranged 7.288–16.82% in 33OC and ranged 0.02–0.29% in 38OC. This Indonesian cocoa butter comply to the classification of hard cocoa butter. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114208832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Service Quality Using Weighted SERVPERF Approach","authors":"Lya Aklimawati, Faila Sophia Hartatri","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.352","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Service quality is an important aspect that has a direct impact on company. In addition, it is to be one of the consumer’s judgement in purchasing a product or service. Tight business competition and high consumers’ interest in training services encourage companies to enhance their service quality. The aims of this research are (1) to assess the service quality of coffee cupping training using weighted SERVPERF; (2) to analyze consumers’ response to the service quality provided by management; and (3) to analyze the effect of service quality on word of mouth in which customer satisfaction as a moderator variable. This research was conducted in Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Survey method was applied to collect primary data by using questionnaire. Judgement sampling was used to select 102 respondents. The data were analyzed by descrip- tive method and statistical analysis. Moderator regression analysis was applied to predict the effect of service quality on word of mouth in which customer satis- faction as a moderating variable. The research found that the perceived service quality of coffee cupping training was 3.736 which categorized in relatively good on providing services. There were 3 attributes of service quality that must be immediately improved, among others (i) conformity of materials, visual practices and information provided by instructors to consumers’ needs; (ii) understand- able and up to date training materials; and (iii) duration of the training is matching with the consumers’ demand. The result of moderator regression analysis showed that interaction between service quality and customer satisfaction was not signifi- cant to word of mouth. Thus, customer satisfaction could not act to moderate in providing a better understanding of relationship between service quality and word of mouth than each variable on the model. There are expected external factors beyond the existing models that influences on word of mouth. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133834015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it More Profitable to Sell Ground Coffee?","authors":"Widya Ariyanti, A. Suryantini, J. Jamhari","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.351","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Robusta coffee is a superior commodity from Tanggamus District which has promising market opportunities.The research was conducted in one of the Robusta coffee centers in Tanggamus District, in Argopeni and Datarajan village, Sumberejo and Ulubelu sub-district. The purposes of this research were (1) to determine the income and profits of grade 4 coffee farmers in Robusta coffee plantations in Tanggamus Regency, (2) to find out the best decision for farmers in continuing process of grade 4 coffee into ground coffee. The sampling tech- nique of this research used purposive from 68 coffee farmers. The techniques of data collection were structured interviews using questionnaires and direct obser- vation. Farm business analysis was used to determine the income and profits of coffee bean farmers, differential analysis was used for the best decision to sell coffee beans or to process them into ground coffee. The results of the study showed that coffee farm bussiness of the grade 4 coffee coffee beans earned Rp24,532,081/ year and earned a profit of Rp10,503,837/1.390 kg/year farmers are better if they continue the production process from the grade 4 coffee into ground coffee. The further processing of ground coffee earned profit of Rp33,002,568/year. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123118249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Mineral Composition of Coffee Infected by a Hemileia vastatrix Fungus in Bondowoso, East Java","authors":"E. Prastowo, Novie Pranata Erdiansyah, R. Arimarsetiowati","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V35I1.345","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix fungus may become an important issue on highland coffee (Coffea arabica) especially related to the progressive increase in terms of global temperature. A research aimed at evaluating the mineral composition of some rusted coffee leaves from a single clone S 795 was carried out in Andungsari Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. A single block experiment was situated at 1451 m asl. The intensity of rust spot in the leaves were identified, and estimated to correspond with the score of 5 to 7 out of 10. The difference in the nutrient status between normal and rusted leaves were statistically evaluated by comparing the mean values using unpaired t-test. The leaf analysis shows an optimal range for potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si). Silicon distribution exhibits a high vari- ability with coefficient of variation (CV) around 30%, while K is slightly lower with CV less than 10%. Principal component analysis shows that Ca, Mg and K may have explained the most variation in the original variables as defined by PC1 (54.76%), PC2 (23.22%), and PC3 (14.01%). The rusted leaves are associated with Ca and Si while normal leaves are associated with K. A considerable high of K may explain for the depression of Ca in normal leaves which is, however, associated with an antagonism between these two minerals. The ratio of has a negative correlation with Ca, and may show a potential as an indicator for leaf mineral evaluation in the context of Hemileia vastatrix fungus infected coffee. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125585787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of coffee skin fiber as potential source of reducing sugar by means on enzymatic hydrolysis","authors":"N. A. Febrianto","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.285","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee spent ground is a primary by-product obtained during soluble coffee processing and potential to be utilized as a high value product due to its protein content. The quite popular effort to utilize protein-contained material is to process it to hydrolysate which also possess antioxidant activity. This research was aimed to study the possibility of protein and antioxidative compound from coffee spent ground by means of enzymatic hydrolysis using crude papain enzymes. Crude papain was used in different concentration ranged from 2, 4 and 6% to incubate the coffee spent grounds for 2, 3, and 4 hours and  then analyzed for its protein content and its antioxidant activity, whereas response surface methodology was employed to study the tendency of the effect of incubation time and enzymes concentration towards hydrolysis results. The result showed that the use of crude papain was effective to liberate the protein and antioxidant compound the coffee spent ground with its optimum condition utilized 6% of enzyme and 2 hours incubation time. At mentioned condition, it could extract up to 67.38% of the protein of the coffee spent ground and its hydrolysate possessed relatively high antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"26 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123294855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rootstock Characteristics of Three Combinations of Theobroma cacao L. Crosses on Different Water Availability","authors":"B. Setyawan, N. Puspitasari, A. Susilo, I. A. Sari","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.328","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is universal phenomena which is importantly anticipated including cocoa plantation. Drought tolerance cocoa seedling is urgently neededto develop cocoa plantation. This paper studied possible drought tolerance of cocoa seedling through crossing between female parent KKM 22 with three maleparents BAL 209, KW 641, and KW 614. Progeny test was conducted in green house based on four water availability conditions: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Root condition was recorded as rootstock parameters of three crossings. Result showed that root characteristics varied among crossing samples studied. The longestand hight volume root were recorded from KKM 22 x BAL 209 crossing. Seedling of KKM 22 x BAL 209 crossing tended to have long and wide root, while seedling of KKM 22 x KW 641 crossing tended to have a wide root type and seedling of KKM 22 x KW 614 tended to have a long root type. Based on drought tolerancy, seedling of KKM 22 x KW 641 crossing could be classified as drought tolerance while other two group progenies could be classified as susceptible to drought.To conclude, seedling of KKM 22 x KW 641 can be recommended for cocoa plantation in drought area.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131505013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germination and Water Content of Cocoa Seeds After Storage Treatments","authors":"Indah Anita-Sari, B. Setyawan, A. Susilo","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.329","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of providing cocoa seeds is the characteristic of recalcitrant seed, thus requiring storage techniques that can slow down the decline in seed viability in an effort to manage the distribution of cocoa seeds which depend to the time of demand and harvest. The research aimed to study the effect ofpackaging method for storage of cocoa seeds; the effect of shelf life and temperature to germination and water content of seeds, and the stability of seed germination at different age and storage temperature. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java. The research used complete randomized design with research design using split plot. The treatments consisted of packaging methods, storage temperature and storage life. Packaging methods consisted of two methods, i.e. vacuum methods and non vacuum methods. Storage temperature consisted of three treatments, i.e. 15OC, 25OC and 30OC. both of packaging and temperature treatments were stored at four shelf life treatment included 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. Each treatment was repeated with three replications and each treatment per replication consisted of 50 seeds. Data analysis used SAS 9.0 and stability analysis used R program and PB Tool. Water content of seeds, germination of seeds and number of seedy seeds were observed. The results showed that type of packaging and storage temperature effect to germination of cocoa seeds but did not effect to seeds water content. Storage of cocoa seeds by non-vacuum packaging showed a higher of germination compared to vacuum packaging in all temperature treatments. Storage with non vacuum packaging at a temperature 25OC showed a germination more than 85% for 2 weeks of shelf life, while storage of cocoa seeds at a temperature of 30OC had a germination of more than 85% for only 1 week shelf life. Storage of cocoa seed at 15OC showed the lowest of germination at treatment. Storage treatments did not show effect on water content of cocoa seeds.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128839914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocoa Butter Characteristic on Different Roasting Temperature and Its Final Sensory Profiles","authors":"H. Firmanto","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.312","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa butter is an intermediate product of cocoa processing separated from cocoa nibs or cocoa mass. Heat through cocoa processing affect the characteristic of fat including roasting process. The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the characteristic changes and sensory profile of cocoa butter in different operational roasting temperature. This experiment was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute using dry cocoa bean from Glenmore estate in Banyuwangi (G) and from Kaliwining estate in Jember (K) in grade A according to standard of SNI 2323:2008/Amd1:2010 with moisture content of 7.5% originated from Trinitario bean and roasting temperature 120OC (T1) and 150OC (T2). Cocoa butter characteristic evaluated based on yield of separated fat, saponification, free fatty acid, peroxide value, colour and its melting profiles. Flavour description evaluated by sensory test using native panelist. Result shows nosignificant difference between roasting temperature but shows difference in appearance and flavour profile. Yield of separated fat is 35.95% per cocoa mass weight, saponification value is 193.36, free fatty acid is 0.72 and peroxide value 2.96 comply to the national standard of commercial butter. Cocoa butter appearance in T2 shows more intense of red colour than T1. Roasting temperature T1 and T2 enhance the chocolaty and nutty flavour but T2 shows burnt off-flavour for bean of Kaliwining (K). Melting point cocoa butter is 36.63OC and qualified as hard cocoa butter.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133010128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought Stress Affecting Growth and Some Physiological Characters of Three Cocoa Clones at Seedling Phase","authors":"Fakhrusy Zakariyya, D. Indradewa","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i3.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i3.330","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress can have substantial negative impacts on cocoa plant growth until affect the death of plant. The present study aimed to determine theeffect of drought stress on the some physiological characters of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings. The research was carried out at the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted from January–December 2017. The experiment was designed by using completely randomized block design with two factors and with three replications. The first factor was clones, namely ICS 60, Sulawesi 1 and KW 641 clones. The second factor was interval of watering treatment, namely watering every 2 days (control/adequate water condition), watering every 5 days (moderate stress), and watering every 8 days (severe stress). Result of this study concluded that drought stress reduced the growth of cocoa seedlings, mainly as a result of reducing photosynthetic activities in all stressed cocoa clone seedlings. Under drought stress, KW 641 and Sulawesi 1 had higher leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, relative water content, and photosynthetic rate than ICS 60 clone.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115543899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of CRIN TC Cocoa Hybrid Technology in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Akinwale, Oluwajoba Emmanuel Folarin","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.310","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa production in Nigeria has been on a downward trend in recent years. Low productivity from ageing cocoa trees and low technology uptake among the farmers are some of the contributing factors. Efforts are therefore ongoing to introduce cocoa hybrid technology to enhance cocoa farmers’ productivity. This study therefore examines factors influencing adoption of CRIN TC (TC 1- 8) cocoa hybrid technology among cocoa farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling procedure, 80 respondents were sampled for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to gather information from the farmers. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results revealed that most (83.8%) of the farmers were male with the mean age of 55 years. It also showed that 43.8% of the farmers completed primary education while majority (51.3%) had a household size of 6-10 persons with a mean household size of 5 persons. The study also showed that 80% of the cocoa farmers got their information regarding cocoa hybrid through research institute. It was also found that most of the farmers had high level of adoption. Meanwhile, high cost of agrochemicals was identified as a major constraint toward adoption of CRIN TC (TC 1- 8) cocoa hybrid. Meanwhile, farmers age (β=-0.007) farming experience (β=-0.004) were identified as the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of the cocoa hybrid. Governments at various levels are encouraged to subsidise the price of agrochemicals which was discovered as major constraint to adoption of CRIN TC (TC1-TC8) cocoa hybrid technology.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}