Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)最新文献

{"title":"Gross heating value of various shade-trees wood in coffee plantation in Costa Rica and its relation with extractives and specific gravity","authors":"R. Moya, R. Bonilla, Carlos Fonseca","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I3.311","url":null,"abstract":"Shade-trees with energy use in coffee plantations are an important alternative to increase profitability in groforestry systems. The aim of this study was to investigate gross calorific value (GCV) of 15 shade-tree species in coffee plantations in Costa Rica. The relationships between specific gravity and extractives content on GCV was evaluated. The results revealed that GCV varied from 15.9 to 21.9 MJ kg-1 for sapwood, and from 15.3 to 21.9 MJ kg-1 for heartwood. No consistency was observed regarding to relation of type of wood (sapwood orheartwood) and GCV. The highest GCV value was found in Pinus caribaea for sapwood and heartwood. However Cupressus lusitanica, presented high GCV in sapwood too. The lowest values were found in Schizolobium parahyba in sapwood and Zygia longifolia and Eucalyptus globulus in heartwood. Carbon content (C) and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) and extractives in sodium hydroxide and dichloromethane were correlated with GCV in sapwood and heartwood. Meanwhile extractives in hot water were correlated in heartwood, and nitrogen content (N) and extractives in cool water were too correlated in sapwood.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132269290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Agro forestry Performance in Pulau Panggung Sub-district, Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia","authors":"F. Fitriani, Bustanul Arifin, W. Zakaria, Hanung Ismono, Rudi Hilmanto","doi":"10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I2.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/ICCRI.JUR.PELITAPERKEBUNAN.V34I2.300","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee production system in Tanggamus was mostly cultivated around forest and Sekampung watersheds.  Upstream Sekampung watersheds had been threatened by land degradation and deforestation.  Trade-off have revealed between coffee production and ecological services in water catchment area.  Enhancing the coffee productivity must be concern with environment conditions.  Coffee agro forestry is well known as a great solution to improve the land productivity.   Environment services form natural resources will be assertion and sustainable. This study is concern to explore how the coffee agro forestry in land ownership performs.  Study taken place in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus.  Respondents choose randomly amount 408 coffee farmers.  Statistic descriptive used to tabulate and compile the coffee agro forestry perform criteria.  Then the relationship between land ownership and coffee agro forestry criteria related with farmer incomes, labor availability, level of education, and experiences in coffee production were analyzed by multiple regression.  Based on the analysis was revealed that coffee plant density amount 1.774 coffee trees.ha-1 while growth with shade trees (MPTS) attain to 187 trees.ha-1. MPTS based on wood represented by 8 kind of tress, while MPTS based on non-wood trees 5 type of trees.  Multi cropping plants also appear such as pepper, cocoa, banana, and rubber.  Adoption of Coffee agro forestry in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus was well performed. Farmer income was noted amount IDR 14.449.854,-.year-1 or IDR 1.204.155,-.month-1.  The coffee farmer income was significantly influenced by shade trees (MPTS), land ownership, and land area.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131766288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liberation of Protein and Antioxidative Compound from Spent Coffee Ground Through Protein Hydrolysis","authors":"N. A. Febrianto","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.318","url":null,"abstract":"Spent coffee ground is a primary by-product obtained during soluble coffee processing and potential to be used as a high value product due to its proteincontent. The quite popular effort to utilize protein-contained material is to process it to hydrolysate which also possess antioxidant activity. This research was aimed to study the possibility of protein and antioxidative compound from spent coffee ground by means of enzymatic hydrolysis using crude papain enzymes. Crude papain was used in different concentration ranged from 2, 4 and 6% to incubate the spent coffee grounds for 2, 3, and 4 hours and then analyzed for its protein content and its antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology was employed to study the tendency of the effect of incubation time and enzymesconcentration towards hydrolysis results. The result showed that the use of crude papain was effective to liberate the protein and antioxidant compound from the spent coffee ground with its optimum condition utilized 6% of enzyme and 2 hours incubation time. At mentioned condition, it could extract up to 67.4% ofthe protein of the spent coffee ground and its hydrolysate possessed relatively high antioxidant activity.  ","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125589094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Polyphenols from Various Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Clones During Fermentation","authors":"Muhammad Isa Dwijatmoko, B. Nurtama, N. D. Yuliana, Misnawi Misnawi","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.319","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa bean is a rich source of polyphenols, which are the largest group secondary metabolite with natural antioxidant property. Polyphenols from cocoabeans was reported to possess health benefits. Fermentation, one step in cocoa processing is needed to improve the quality of cocoa in which the concentration of cocoa bean polyphenols might decrease significantly through oxidation and exudation. Cocoa polyphenols content among different cocoa clones mightalso vary. The aims of this study were to determine total polyphenols, total flavanoid, epicatechin, and catechin content in several cocoa clones, those wereSulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, ICCRI 03, and KW 617. Until now, characterization of polyphenols from those clones has not been reported. The effect of five daysfermentation to those parameters was also studied. The results of the study showed that fermentation and type of clones significantly affected total of polyphenols, total of flavanoids, epicatechin, and catechin content of the cocoa, there is also an interaction between fermentation and type of clones. Unfermented of Sulawesi 1 had the highest total polyphenols of 96.94±5.83 mg/g, total flavanoids of 90.92±1.89 mg/g, epicatechin of 52.50±0.46 mg/g, and catechin of 1.99±0.02 mg/g content compared to other clones. Among five days fermented cocoa beans, Sulawesi 2 showed the highest total polyphenols and total flavanoids content, while ICCRI 03 had the highest epicatechin and catechin content than other clones. Thus, in can be concluded that although fermentation is required to improve the flavor quality of cocoa, it significantly reduced the content of bioactive compounds. This effect varied amongdifferent cocoa clones.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114734787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Molecular Marker Based on MYB Transcription Factor for the Selection of Indonesian Fine Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)","authors":"L. Devy, Indah Anita-Sari, Tengku Imam Saputra, A. Susilo, A. Wachjar, Sobir","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.314","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the third largest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) producer in the world and also well-known for its fine cacao varieties (Java fine-flavor cacao). Indonesian fine cacao breeding program will be accelerated by early detection of its specific trait through the use of molecular marker. One of the traits thatcould differentiate fine and bulk cacao, in this case Criollo and Forastero, respectively, is the pod color. Previous research reported that MYB transcription factor gene regulated cacao pod color and was able to differentiate Criollo from Forastero. The gene involved in the control of plant-specific processes including primary and secondary metabolism, cell fate and identity, developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research aimed to identify the diversity of Indonesian fine and bulk cacao based on MYB nucleotide sequence fragments. Identification of the MYB nucleotide sequence was conducted by DNA isolation from cacao leaves and specific primer design based on two cacao MYB transcription factor ene accessions. These primers were used to evaluate the diversity of three Indonesian fine cacao (DRC 16, PNT 16, and ICCRI 01) and two bulk cacao (PA 191 and ICCRI 03) clones. The cluster analysis showed that this specific primer is similar to other MYB gene accessions in Malvaceae family (Theobroma, Herrania, Gossypium). It is also able to differentiate bulk and fine cacao in accordance to their pedigree. The primer developed in this study could be used for further analysis of Indonesian fine cacao molecular marker.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129005453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocoa Production as Affected by Shade Tree Species and Soil Quality","authors":"T. Yulianti, S. Abdoellah, D. Suprayogo, N. Sari","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.316","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa is one of the agricultural commodities that have important role and are reliable in realizing agricultural development program of Indonesia. The cocoaproduction of Indonesia tends to decrease that caused by in appropriate farming. This research aimed to evaluate the shade management to cocoa productivity and evaluating the correlation between soil quality and the cocoa production with the different shade management. This research was conducted from October 2016 until June 2017 in Kaliwining Experimental Station and Soil Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia. Clones at the trial plots were Sulawesi 1 and Sulawesi 2, 10 years old, and arranged in 3 m x 3 m spacing. The design of this research was conducted by observing parameters of sample trees on cocoa field. This research used three observation plots, with shade trees of leucaena (Leucaena sp.), teak (Tectona grandis), and teak combined with krete (Cassia surithensis) shade. The results indicated that shade species affected the cocoa production. Teak shade gave higher production of cocoa (i.e 3,01 kg.tree-1) compared to other species of shade (1.83 and 1.39 kg.tree-1 for leucaena and teak and krete combination, respectively). The correlation of soil quality with cocoa production showed that soil calcium content, earthworm biomass and soil bulk density were positively correlated with the production of cocoa. Shade species greatly affected the production in combination with the soil quality.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125469805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocoa Purchasing and the Issue of Insecurity in the Akontombra District in the Western Region of Ghana","authors":"Jacob Obodai, P. Asamoah, J. Edusei","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.321","url":null,"abstract":"The cocoa industry in Ghana is plagued with a number of challenges. Among such challenges is the issue of insecurity. This notwithstanding, there are limited scholarly findings on the nature and the underlying factors associated with these insecurity issues. This paper examined the cocoa industry in the Sefwi Akontombra District in the Western Region of Ghana and presents an analysis of the processes and procedures for cocoa purchasing in the district; the securityarrangements and mechanisms put in place during cocoa purchasing peak periods; the nature of access roads in cocoa growing areas in the district; and the influence of access roads on the insecurity of cocoa purchasing in the district. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and using a cross sectional study design, the case of OLAM Ghana Limited, a private licensed cocoa buying company operating in Sefwi Akontombra was examined. Primary data were gathered from purchasing clerks, drivers, warehouse keepers and officials of the company. Data from the District Command of the Ghana Police Service and the Department of Feeder Roads district office were solicited using interview guides. Non-participant observation and taking of photography were also employed as data capturing mechanism during the study. The study espoused content analysis in analysing the contents of the interviews and observational field notes in order to identify the main themes that emerge from the responses given by the respondents or the observation notes made. Inferences and implications were drawn then drawn from the analysis. The study found out that there was no security measure by OLAM Ghana Limited to ensure the safety of funds meant for cocoa buying, the storage and the transportation of cocoa beans in the study district. There was also no security arrangement during peak cocoa purchasing periods in the study district by key stakeholders within the cocoa sector in the district. Moreover, access road was further found out to be a major factor that accounts for some of the insecurity issues associated with cocoa purchasing activities in the Sefwi Akontombra District. The study thus recommends the development and adoption of security arrangements and mechanism by all stakeholders within the cocoa industry in the study district and the making of security issues a top priority by OLAM Ghana Limited.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive Behavior of Rats Consuming Cocoa Powder and Cocoa Extract","authors":"Ariza Budi Tunjung Sari, Misnawi Misnawi, P. Pudjiastuti, A. Baktir","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.317","url":null,"abstract":"Chocolate is associated with calm and happy feelings. However little is found to demonstrate if this effect is induced by active ingredient in cocoa ratherthan the sweetness of chocolate. In this study we tested the effect of cocoa on the depressive behavior of female rats suffering from estrogen deficiency. Twentyfemale rats aged seven weeks old were ovariectomized to remove the estrogen source. The rats were distributed into four groups and undergoing three dayoral administration of 1g/kg body weight (bw) cocoa powder, 1g/kg bw cocoa extract, 1 mg/kg bw estradiol valerate and 1 mL/kg bw vehicle (olive oil). Anothergroup of rats having intact ovaries received 1 mL/kg bw drinking water. The rats were undergoing forced swimming test (FST) one day before treatment and after treatment and the immobility time was recorded. No significant difference was found on the after-treatment immobility time across groups. However, all the rats in the vehicle group developed longer immobility time after-treatment compared with the result from before-treatment test, suggesting that depression had occurred in ovariectomized rats receiving no active substances. In the other hand, very few rats had greater after-treatment immobility time in the cocoa powder and estradiol valerate groups. In the cocoa extract group, all the rats had shorter immobility time after treatment when it is compared with before treatment time. We conclude that compounds in cocoa have certain extent of estrogenic activity that affects emotional state.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133372677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Coffee Marketing and Farmer Organization in Pasuruan District","authors":"Lya Aklimawati","doi":"10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.320","url":null,"abstract":"Complexity of coffee supply chain system encourages business actors to optimize supply chain management as an effort to increase market transparencyamong them. Consolidating in farmer organization was required to strengthen bargaining position of farmer for facing the complexity of supply chain system.The aim of this research was to analyze supply chain and marketing margin on coffee marketing; and to analyze the characteristics of coffee farmer organization.This research was conducted in Pasuruan district as one of coffee producing area in East Java. Number of respondents were 18 that consisted of 16 farmersand 2 extension officers. The respondent was determined by snowball sampling method. The data was considered a primary data and secondary data was usedas supporting data. Data were analyzed by using descriptive method and marketing margin analysis. The result showed that coffee marketing chain in Pasuruan district would lead to a relatively long and complex which was dominated by collectors. The highest profit of Arabica coffee marketing received by collectors was gained by selling green beans. On the Robusta coffee marketing, the highest profit was derived by selling fresh cherries. Farmer organizations could not be able to improve their bargaining position and market access as a result of weakness on the role and function of them.","PeriodicalId":428979,"journal":{"name":"Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124485814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}