SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy of Speed Data Acquired from Ford Sync Generation 2 and Generation 3 Modules Utilizing the Berla iVe System","authors":"Wesley Vandiver, Robert Anderson","doi":"10.4271/2018-01-1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2018-01-1442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passenger Vehicle-Motorcycle Pre-Crash Trajectory Reconstruction and Conflict Analysis Results Based on an Extended Application of the Honda-DRI ACAT Safety Impact Methodology","authors":"R. V. Auken, J. Lenkeit, Terry A. Smith","doi":"10.4271/2018-01-0510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2018-01-0510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Helmet Liner Design through Bio-inspired Structures and Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanism Lattices","authors":"Joel C. Najmon, J. Dehart, Zebulun M. Wood, A. Tovar","doi":"10.4271/2018-01-1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1057","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous development of sport technologies constantly demands advancements in protective headgear to reduce the risk of head injuries. This article introduces new cellular helmet liner designs through two approaches. The first approach is the study of energy-absorbing biological materials. The second approach is the study of lattices comprised of force-diverting compliant mechanisms. On the one hand, bio-inspired liners are generated through the study of biological, hierarchical materials. An emphasis is given on structures in nature that serve similar concussion-reducing functions as a helmet liner. Inspiration is drawn from organic and skeletal structures. On the other hand, compliant mechanism lattice (CML)-based liners use topology optimization to synthesize rubber cellular unit cells with effective positive and negative Poisson’s ratios. Three lattices are designed using different cellular unit cell arrangements, namely, all positive, all negative, and alternating effective Poisson’s ratios. The proposed cellular (bio-inspired and CML-based) liners are embedded between two polycarbonate shells, thereby, replacing the traditional expanded polypropylene foam liner used in standard sport helmets. The cellular liners are analyzed through a series of 2D extruded ballistic impact simulations to determine the best performing liner topology and its corresponding rubber hardness. The cellular design with the best performance is compared against an expanded polypropylene foam liner in a 3D simulation to appraise its protection capabilities and verify that the 2D extruded design simulations scale to an effective 3D design. © 2018 Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Published by SAE International. Downloaded from SAE International by Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Tuesday, February 12, 2019","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2018-01-1057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43053444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Multiple Photographs and USGS LiDAR to Improve Photogrammetric Accuracy","authors":"Toby Terpstra, Jordan Dickinson, Ali Hashemian","doi":"10.4271/2018-01-0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2018-01-0516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43068158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eleven Instrumented Motorcycle Crash Tests and Development of Updated Motorcycle Impact-Speed Equations","authors":"Louis R. Peck, J. Manning, Wade Bartlett, Charles Dickerson, E. Deyerl","doi":"10.4271/09-07-01-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/09-07-01-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Eleven instrumented crash tests were performed as part of the 2016 World Reconstruction Exposition (WREX2016), using seven Harley-Davidson motorcycles and three automobiles. For all tests, the automobile was stationary while the motorcycle was delivered into the vehicle, while upright with tires rolling, at varying speeds. Seven tests were performed at speeds between 30 and 46 mph while four low-speed tests were performed to establish the onset of permanent motorcycle deformation. Data from these tests, and other published testing, was analyzed using available models to determine their accuracy when predicting the impact speed of Harley-Davidson motorcycles. The most accurate model was the Modified Eubanks set of equations introduced in 2009, producing errors with an average of 0.4 mph and a standard deviation (SD) of 4.8 mph. An updated set of Eubanks-style equations were developed adding data published since 2009, and advancing from two equations (pillars/axles and doors/fenders) to four equations (axles, pillars/bumpers, doors, and fenders). When applied to the subject tests, the newly developed set of equations produced an average error of 3.5 mph (SD = 4.3 mph). With respect to all available data (N = 99), the equations produced an average error of 0.1 mph and a standard deviation of 5.8 mph. The errors were also analyzed for each of the four equations developed here, and confidence intervals offered. This research, which represents the first detailed analysis of Harley-Davidson motorcycles’ collision response, indicates they behave in a manner similar to previously tested motorcycles. Further, the equations developed and presented here give accident investigators a refined method for estimating the impact speed of an upright motorcycle, Harley-Davidson or otherwise, having struck an automobile with its front tire. Introduction Analyzing vehicle crush to estimate energy dissipation and thereby calculate vehicle speeds dates back to the 1960s. Jiang et al. [1] provided a thorough summary of the history of speed-from-crush analyses. The earliest work, as well as much of what has come since, focused on passenger cars. The earliest and still most-frequently cited motorcycle testing was conducted by Severy [2], who used seven Honda motorcycles, including: one 90 cc-displacement machine tested at 30mph, five 350 cc units at 20, 30, and 40mph, and one 750 cc machine tested at 30mph. The motorcycles were delivered by dolly such that they struck the side of a stationary 1964 Plymouth sedan in a perpendicular orientation. That research resulted in a linear relationship between approach speed and motorcycle wheelbase reduction. The following equation is the least-squares fit line to that data: S L = ́ + 2 35 8 6 . . eq. 1 Where: S = impact speed (mph). L = motorcycle wheelbase reduction (in). This equation’s coefficient of determination (R-squared value) with the seven data points is in excess of 0.97, indicating a near-perfect fit for this limited d","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49601184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire Suppression Modeling & Simulation Framework for Ground Vehicles","authors":"V. Korivi, Steven J. McCormick, S. E. Hodges","doi":"10.4271/2017-01-1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2017-01-1351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44260030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Biofidelity Evaluation of Pedestrian Leg-Form Impactors","authors":"Daniel Perez-Rapela, J. Forman, Haeyoung Jeon, J. Crandall","doi":"10.4271/2017-01-1450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2017-01-1450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43319169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Steering Effort in the Event of EPAS Failure using Differential Braking Assisted Steering","authors":"Duanxiang Zhang, Bo Lin, A. Kırlı, C. Okwudire","doi":"10.4271/2017-01-1489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2017-01-1489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive validation method with surface-surface comparison for vehicle safety applications","authors":"Junqi Yang, Zhenfei Zhan, Ling Zheng, Gang Guo, Changsheng Wang","doi":"10.4271/2017-01-0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2017-01-0221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44392912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-Degree-of-Freedom Accelerations: Linear Arrays Compared with Angular Rate Sensors in Impact Events","authors":"William R. Bussone, J. Olberding, M. Prange","doi":"10.4271/2017-01-1465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42847,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2017-01-1465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}