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Evaluating Word Embeddings for Language Acquisition 评价词嵌入对语言习得的影响
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.4
Raquel G. Alhama, C. Rowland, E. Kidd
{"title":"Evaluating Word Embeddings for Language Acquisition","authors":"Raquel G. Alhama, C. Rowland, E. Kidd","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous vector word representations (or word embeddings) have shown success in capturing semantic relations between words, as evidenced with evaluation against behavioral data of adult performance on semantic tasks (Pereira et al. 2016). Adult semantic knowledge is the endpoint of a language acquisition process; thus, a relevant question is whether these models can also capture emerging word representations of young language learners. However, the data of semantic knowledge of children is scarce or non-existent for some age groups. In this paper, we propose to bridge this gap by using Age of Acquisition norms to evaluate word embeddings learnt from child-directed input. We present two methods that evaluate word embeddings in terms of (a) the semantic neighbourhood density of learnt words, and (b) the convergence to adult word associations. We apply our methods to bag-of-words models, and we find that (1) children acquire words with fewer semantic neighbours earlier, and (2) young learners only attend to very local context. These findings provide converging evidence for validity of our methods in understanding the prerequisite features for a distributional model of word learning.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Images and Imagination: Automated Analysis of Priming Effects Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder 影像与想像:自闭症谱系障碍与发展性语言障碍相关的启动效应自动分析
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.2
Michaela Regneri, D. King, F. Walji, Olympia Palikara
{"title":"Images and Imagination: Automated Analysis of Priming Effects Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder","authors":"Michaela Regneri, D. King, F. Walji, Olympia Palikara","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Different aspects of language processing have been shown to be sensitive to priming but the findings of studies examining priming effects in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have been inconclusive. We present a study analysing visual and implicit semantic priming in adolescents with ASD and DLD. Based on a dataset of fictional and script-like narratives, we evaluate how often and how extensively, content of two different priming sources is used by the participants. The first priming source was visual, consisting of images shown to the participants to assist them with their storytelling. The second priming source originated from commonsense knowledge, using crowdsourced data containing prototypical script elements. Our results show that individuals with ASD are less sensitive to both types of priming, but show typical usage of primed cues when they use them at all. In contrast, children with DLD show mostly average priming sensitivity, but exhibit an over-proportional use of the priming cues.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113939694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Determines the Order of Verbal Dependents in Hindi? Effects of Efficiency in Comprehension and Production 是什么决定了印地语词性依存词的顺序?效率在理解和生产中的作用
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.1
Kartik Sharma, Richard Futrell, Samar Husain
{"title":"What Determines the Order of Verbal Dependents in Hindi? Effects of Efficiency in Comprehension and Production","authors":"Kartik Sharma, Richard Futrell, Samar Husain","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Word order flexibility is one of the distinctive features of SOV languages. In this work, we investigate whether the order and relative distance of preverbal dependents in Hindi, an SOV language, is affected by factors motivated by efficiency considerations during comprehension/production. We investigate the influence of Head–Dependent Mutual Information (HDMI), similarity-based interference, accessibility and case-marking. Results show that preverbal dependents remain close to the verbal head when the HDMI between the verb and its dependent is high. This demonstrates the influence of locality constraints on dependency distance and word order in an SOV language. Additionally, dependency distance were found to be longer when the dependent was animate, when it was case-marked and when it was semantically similar to other preverbal dependents. Together the results highlight the crosslinguistic generalizability of these factors and provide evidence for a functionally motivated account of word order in SOV languages such as Hindi.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134140382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Guessing the Age of Acquisition of Italian Lemmas through Linear Regression 用线性回归法猜测意大利语引理习得的年龄
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.5
Irene Russo
{"title":"Guessing the Age of Acquisition of Italian Lemmas through Linear Regression","authors":"Irene Russo","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The age of acquisition of a word is a psycholinguistic variable concerning the age at which a word is typically learned. It correlates with other psycholinguistic variables such as familiarity, concreteness, and imageability. Existing datasets for multiple languages also include linguistic variables such as the length and the frequency of lemmas in different corpora. There are substantial sets of normative values for English, but for other languages, such as Italian, the coverage is scarce. In this paper,a set of regression experiments investigates whether it is possible to guess the age of acquisition of Italian lemmas that have not been previously rated by humans. An intrinsic evaluation is proposed, correlating estimated Italian lemmas’ AoA with English lemmas’ AoA. An extrinsic evaluation - using AoA values as features for the classification of literary excerpts labeled by age appropriateness - shows how es-sential is lexical coverage for this task.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129958516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Production-based Cognitive Models as a Test Suite for Reinforcement Learning Algorithms 基于生产的认知模型作为强化学习算法的测试套件
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.3
Adrian Brasoveanu
{"title":"Production-based Cognitive Models as a Test Suite for Reinforcement Learning Algorithms","authors":"Adrian Brasoveanu","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.3","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a framework in which production-rule based computational cognitive modeling and Reinforcement Learning can systematically interact and inform each other. We focus on linguistic applications because the sophisticated rule-based cognitive models needed to capture linguistic behavioral data promise to provide a stringent test suite for RL algorithms, connecting RL algorithms to both accuracy and reaction-time experimental data. Thus, we open a path towards assembling an experimentally rigorous and cognitively realistic benchmark for RL algorithms. We extend our previous work on lexical decision tasks and tabular RL algorithms (Brasoveanu and Dotlačil, 2020b) with a discussion of neural-network based approaches, and a discussion of how parsing can be formalized as an RL problem.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127361206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Conditioning, but on Which Distribution? Grammatical Gender in German Plural Inflection 条件作用，但哪种分布?德语复数变形的语法性别
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.8
Kate McCurdy, Adam Lopez, S. Goldwater
{"title":"Conditioning, but on Which Distribution? Grammatical Gender in German Plural Inflection","authors":"Kate McCurdy, Adam Lopez, S. Goldwater","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.cmcl-1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Grammatical gender is a consistent and informative cue to the plural class of German nouns. We find that neural encoder-decoder models learn to rely on this cue to predict plural class, but adult speakers are relatively insensitive to it. This suggests that the neural models are not an effective cognitive model of German plural formation.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126260179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Development of Multi-level Linguistic Alignment in Child-adult Conversations 儿童-成人对话多层次语言对齐的发展
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/5drp9
T. Misiek, Benoit Favre, Abdellah Fourtassi
{"title":"Development of Multi-level Linguistic Alignment in Child-adult Conversations","authors":"T. Misiek, Benoit Favre, Abdellah Fourtassi","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/5drp9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5drp9","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive alignment is a major mechanism of linguistic coordination. Here we study the way this mechanism emerges in development across the lexical, syntactic, and conceptual levels. We leverage NLP tools to analyze a large-scale corpus of child-adult conversations between 2 and 5 years old. We found that, across development, children align consistently to adults above chance and that adults align consistently more to children than vice versa (even controlling for language production abilities). Besides these consistencies, we found a diversity of developmental trajectories across linguistic levels. These corpus-based findings provide strong support for an early onset of multi-level linguistic alignment in children and invites new experimental work.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Word Co-occurrence in Child-directed Speech Predicts Children’s Free Word Associations 儿童导向言语中的词共现预示着儿童的自由词联想
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/7jrhu
Abdellah Fourtassi
{"title":"Word Co-occurrence in Child-directed Speech Predicts Children’s Free Word Associations","authors":"Abdellah Fourtassi","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/7jrhu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7jrhu","url":null,"abstract":"The free association task has been very influential both in cognitive science and in computational linguistics. However, little research has been done to study how free associations develop in childhood. The current work focuses on the developmental hypothesis according to which free word associations emerge by mirroring the co-occurrence distribution of children’s linguistic environment. I trained a distributional semantic model on a large corpus of child language and I tested if it could predict children’s responses. The results largely supported the hypothesis: Co-occurrence-based similarity was a strong predictor of children’s associative behavior even controlling for other possible predictors such as phonological similarity, word frequency, and word length. I discuss the findings in the light of theories of conceptual development.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132675711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The Active-Filler Strategy in a Move-Eager Left-Corner Minimalist Grammar Parser 动态左上角极简语法分析器中的活动填充策略
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.18653/v1/W19-2901
Tim Hunter, M. Stanojevic, E. Stabler
{"title":"The Active-Filler Strategy in a Move-Eager Left-Corner Minimalist Grammar Parser","authors":"Tim Hunter, M. Stanojevic, E. Stabler","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-2901","url":null,"abstract":"Recent psycholinguistic evidence suggests that human parsing of moved elements is ‘active’, and perhaps even ‘hyper-active’: it seems that a leftward-moved object is related to a verbal position rapidly, perhaps even before the transitivity information associated with the verb is available to the listener. This paper presents a formal, sound and complete parser for Minimalist Grammars whose search space contains branching points that we can identify as the locus of the decision to perform this kind of active gap-finding. This brings formal models of parsing into closer contact with recent psycholinguistic theorizing than was previously possible.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127438153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Surprisal and Interference Effects of Case Markers in Hindi Word Order 印地语词序中格标记的意外和干扰效应
Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.18653/v1/W19-2904
Sidharth Ranjan, Sumeet Agarwal, Rajakrishnan Rajkumar
{"title":"Surprisal and Interference Effects of Case Markers in Hindi Word Order","authors":"Sidharth Ranjan, Sumeet Agarwal, Rajakrishnan Rajkumar","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-2904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-2904","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Production-Distribution-Comprehension (PDC) account of language processing, we formulate two distinct hypotheses about case marking, word order choices and processing in Hindi. Our first hypothesis is that Hindi tends to optimize for processing efficiency at both lexical and syntactic levels. We quantify the role of case markers in this process. For the task of predicting the reference sentence occurring in a corpus (amidst meaning-equivalent grammatical variants) using a machine learning model, surprisal estimates from an artificial version of the language (i.e., Hindi without any case markers) result in lower prediction accuracy compared to natural Hindi. Our second hypothesis is that Hindi tends to minimize interference due to case markers while ordering preverbal constituents. We show that Hindi tends to avoid placing next to each other constituents whose heads are marked by identical case inflections. Our findings adhere to PDC assumptions and we discuss their implications for language production, learning and universals.","PeriodicalId":428409,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130515008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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