{"title":"Awareness of chronic kidney disease and the perception of the community towards organ donation and renal transplantation in Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mohammad Azhar Rashik","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.222","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health problem associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Awareness of CKD in people is crucial to decrease mortality, morbidity, and complications. CKD can lead to end-stage renal failure that needs renal transplantation. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of chronic kidney disease and the community's perception of organ donation and renal transplantation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 Saudi adults between June and September 2022 in Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia. We distributed online self-administered questionnaires among the general adult population utilizing convenient sampling. Results: Most of the participants had university degrees (67.2%). Of the total, 40.6%, 24.5% and 29.2% of participants knew that painkillers, hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are risk factors for CKD, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between knowledge about risk factors of CKD and educational level (p<0.05), but an insignificant relation with gender (p>0.05). Most of the participants (53.3%) supported organ donation, and a significant relationship was observed with the gender and educational level of participants (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current study showed low awareness of CKD and poor knowledge about kidney transplantation and organ donation in the community of Saudi Arabia. Mass media and campaigns can be central in raising awareness about CKD and organ donation to help facilitate disease identification and prevention. Keywords: Chronic renal disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, attitude","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Mortality rate of pediatric with COVID-19 with and without multisystem inflammatory syndrome: Single-center study, Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Nouf E Alotaibi","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.221","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The medical presentations of COVID-19 in children vary. A newly emerged disorder identified as a multiple system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), mimics the symptoms of Kawasaki disease (KD) present in patients with an advanced form of COVID-19. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the mortality risk for children’s patients with corona virus with or without MIS-C Method: An observational cohort study that performed at the Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from April 1, 2020, till end of December 2022. Results: A 95 patients met the inclusion criteria. Ten patients (10.5%) had MIS-C, and 50 (52.6%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 44.55 ± 4.31 months. Conjunctivitis, cutaneous rash, extended duration of fever, and elevation of inflammatory markers were significantly associated with the incidence of MIS-C. Amongst the 2 groups, there was no meaningful variation in admission to ICU, requirement for mechanical ventilation or vasopressors agents, duration of hospitalization, and incidence of mortality. Conclusion: This study highlighted the magnitude of exploring MIS-C in children infected with COVID-19 who present complaining of conjunctivitis, cutaneous rash, and extended durations of fever. A large multi-center pediatric study is required to estimate the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with MIS-C. Keywords: MIS-C, Pediatrics, COVID-19, Mortality","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacovigilance surveillance of menstrual cycle irregularities following primary and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine among Saudi females: A large cross-sectional analysis","authors":"A. Alanazi","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several qualitative and anecdotal studies uncovered cycle irregularities in females following COVID-19 vaccination. However, research on the incidence and pattern of cycle irregularities among Saudi females is scarce. This study sought to check the frequency, pattern, and risk factors associated with menstrual irregularities following primary and booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A web-based and cross-sectional study (March to June 2022) was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The data collected from participants consist of demographics characteristics, menstruation experience, and vaccination status. The data was analyzed using R Statistical Software. Results: Of 538 participants included in this study, suspected cycle irregularities were prevalent in 47.6%, 44.6% and 41.1% of females after the first, second and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Delayed menses (20.8%, 21%), less bleeding (9.5%, 11.3%) and too much bleeding (7.2% and 7.4%) were frequently reported cycle irregularities after the first and second doses of vaccines, respectively. However, irregular periods (variable pattern) were frequently (12.8%) reported following the booster dose. Conclusion: Our analysis showed a high proportion of menstrual cycle irregularities among Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccinees. The incidence of adverse reactions exhibited a correlation with specific demographic factors, prompting the imperative for additional inquiries to elucidate a causative association.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awareness, attitudes, and eating behaviors of gym users in Saudi Arabia regarding red and processed meat","authors":"Muath A. Alammar, Abdullah Alsaedan","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Consumption of red meat (RM) and processed meat (PM) is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gym users use RM and PM as supplements for their workouts. This puts them at risk of developing cancer. \u0000Method: Self-administered questionnaires were used to evaluate the level of awareness, eating behaviors, and potential risks associated with specific foods among gym users in Saudi Arabia from November 2021 to August 2022. Demographic factors were also assessed, the questionnaire was distributed using online platforms including WhatsApp and Twitter.\u0000Results: In our study, 41.2% (n=123) and 70.8% (n=211) of the participants rarely consumed RM and PM per week, with the highest consumption of less than 500 g per week 31.9% (n=95) for RM. Only 7.4% (n=22) exceeded 1000 g of weekly RM and PM consumption. Maleness, high protein intake (>200 g/day), supplementary protein intake, good income (>5000 SAR) and being a healthcare worker were associated with higher RM consumption. In contrast, being a dietitian or sports coach was associated with less PM (p=0.045) consumption. The overwhelming majority of subjects 81.2% (n=242) had never heard of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds; knowing about these compounds and their carcinogenic potential was associated with a lower RM consumption (p=0.033).\u0000Conclusion: More educational campaigns on RM and PM are needed to address the lack of understanding of their associated risks, especially for male athletes and people with good socio-economic status.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134164897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutional Academic Accreditation Journey and Challenges","authors":"Abdullah Alzahem","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Institutional academic accreditation is essential for the universities and a pre-requisite for requesting program accreditation. Academic accreditation is a structured review process to ensure the availability of minimum quality and the ability for continuous quality improvement. The accreditation process helped educational institutes to determine the areas for improvement and priorities improvements. \u0000Aim: Investigate the impact of the institutional academic accreditation process on continuous quality improvement and address the challenges of the accreditation journey.\u0000Method: A cross-sectional survey was used to record the impact of accreditation by collecting data through focus group discussions with the standards committees’ members. The interview was carried out in a structured format following the self-evaluation scale format. Data collected were managed and analyzed descriptively. \u0000Results: The accreditation process impacted the quality of education positively. Different aspects of education including program specifications and reports, assessment, evaluation, academic counseling, and student support were improved significantly, and automation was introduced to foster quality. The major challenges during the accreditation journey were identifying unified governance to institutional resources, and community partnership.\u0000Conclusion: Accreditation improved education quality in the university without commanding any major change in the curricula and fostered the university ranking.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121254260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of Tamoxifen versus Anastrozole in post-menopausal women with breast cancer: Saudi Arabia perspective","authors":"Adnan Alharbi","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tamoxifen and Anastrozole are widely used as adjuvant therapy for Hormone-sensitive early breast cancer patients. Although these medications are expensive, we lack cost-effectiveness analysis to inform decision-making.\u0000Aim: We aim to assess the cost-effectiveness of Anastrozole versus Tamoxifen for the adjuvant therapy of hormone-positive tumors among postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.\u0000Methods: A probabilistic Markov model was built considering The Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone, or in Combination (ATAC) trial outcomes for the model assumptions. The model is built from the Saudi perspective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted for uncertainty. \u0000Results: Anastrozole has been cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 80333.88 SAR/quality-adjusted life-year at a Willingness-to-pay of 100,000 USD (equivalent to 375,000 SAR). The probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted, and Anastrozole was still cost-effective under changing parameters.\u0000Conclusion: Anastrozole offers a cost-effective adjuvant option for hormone-positive early breast cancer patients and can be considered for reimbursement.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glomerulonephritis pattern based on renal biopsy at the tertiary center of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Fatma Albeladi","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.121","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the glomerulonephritis pattern based on renal biopsies obtained from patients who attended King Abdulaziz University (KAU) hospital.\u0000Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) hospital. Data were retrieved from the pathology registry of renal biopsies performed at KAU hospital between 2010-2018. Demographics, background data, and the result of the biopsy Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 23. Continuous data were expressed using mean ± SD. A P-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was determined to establish statistical significance. A Chi-square test was utilized to evaluate the association between categorical variables. In addition, a one-way ANOVA test was utilized when appropriate.\u0000Results: Among the 55 cases Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis (56%). Whereas lupus nephritis was the most prevalent pathology in the case of secondary glomerulonephritis (60%) with a female predominance, followed by anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis (16.7%) and diabetic nephropathy (13.3%). While IgA nephropathy represents (12%) of all the cases. \u0000Conclusion: Lupus nephritis is the prevalent cause of ESRD based on histopathology results. Lupus nephritis was the commonest cause of glomerulonephritis diseases with a female predominance. It is recommended that a nationwide multicenter study should be conducted to determine the current status, and ensure early intervention which will guide better planning and management of glomerulonephritis. This report should be considered an as urgent call to establish a national registry for glomerulonephritis renal biopsies.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126532547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of Otitis Media in Children and Pattern of Antibiotic Prescription at a Tertiary Hospital in Makkah","authors":"Najla A. Obaid","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otitis media (OM) is a common inflammatory disease of the middle ear and mostly affects children less than 5 years. It is divided into several disease subcategories: acute otitis media (AOM), recurrent AOM, OM with effusion (OME), and chronic otitis media (COM). This study aims to determine the otitis media and identify the manner of prescribing antibiotics used for the treatment of OM cases in children from 3 months to 5 years old in Hera General hospital in Makkah city.\u0000Methods: The samples were retrospectively conducted at a tertiary General Hospital in the western region of Saudi Arabia. 113 records met the inclusion criteria for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percent and frequency). For quantitative data, the chi-square test and mean were used. \u0000Results: The number of OM cases was higher in patients aged 3 years old and less among age categories. The percentage of males (54.6%) was higher than females (45.4%). Amoxicillin-clavulanate was the most used treatment of OM in the inpatient ward, outpatient, emergency, and after discharge. The protocol of treatment was mostly by prescribing both antibiotics and analgesics without requesting any further samples to investigate the type of pathogen related to this infection. Cases presented to the emergency department were discharged with an antibiotic prescription without further investigation of the records for previous infection or recurrence.\u0000Conclusions: Due to increasing the antibiotics resistance alert around the globe, we believe that OM recurrence could be one of the community-acquired infections that affect the pediatric population and lower the quality of life and need specific attention from a physician who prescribes antibiotics for OM without further investigation.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126775262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Type 2 Diabetic Individuals: A Review of Current Evidence","authors":"A. Ashour","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.115","url":null,"abstract":"As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to cause havoc globally, many people have expressed the hope that things will become easier as more people are vaccinated against the virus. The pandemic has disproportionately affected certain sections of the global population, such as those living with type 2 diabetes, however, and this study thus aims to evaluate the effects of infection on individuals with type 2 diabetes, particularly those who are also smokers. The relevant review was thus done in two sections, one focusing on individuals with type 2 diabetes in general and the other examining people with diabetes who are also smokers. Twenty studies published between 2020 to 2021 were examined with respect to the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on people with diabetes, including those who are also smokers. In general, people with diabetes were found to be more likely to be hospitalised when infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as three times more likely than non-diabetics to have extreme outcomes such as requiring intensive care or even dying. The situation is a further 4.5 times worse for people with diabetes who are also smokers, creating profound economic implications faced for society.\u0000Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 severely affects individuals with diabetes in terms of both health and logistics. A combination of SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes makes such individuals more susceptible to severe health outcomes, and these are further exacerbated by comorbidities such as smoking, underlying health conditions, ethnic and racial disparities, and a lack of access to high-quality health care.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130831521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alginate Substitute as a Promising Impression Material for Dental Implant Restorations: A Comparative In-vitro Study","authors":"M. Sayed","doi":"10.37881/jmahs.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37881/jmahs.111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the accuracy of alginate substitute with polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression materials for both single and multiple implant restorations using open- and closed-tray techniques placed unilaterally in a partially edentulous maxillary Typodont model.\u0000Methods: Two maxillary typodont hard models, two impression materials and two impression techniques were used in this study. A total of 80 impressions were made for both models simulating clinical scenario for single and multiple implant restorations, 10 impressions for each subgroup. Accuracy was assessed by measuring three dimensions (Anteroposterior, cross arch and vertical) on stone models obtained from impressions of the typodont models. Each dimension was measured three times and the mean value was calculated. The data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and Mann- Whitney U Test.\u0000Results: In group 1 (single implant), significant differences were found only in the vertical dimension between alginate substitute and monophase PVS impression materials when using an open-tray technique (mean diff.= 0.17; P= 0.003), and between closed- and open-tray techniques when using alginate substitute impression material (mean diff.= -0.24; P= 0.008). In group 2 (multiple implants), significant differences were found only in the horizontal cross-arch and vertical dimensions between open and closed-tray techniques when using alginate substitute impression material (P= 0.049 and P≤ 0.01, respectively).\u0000Conclusion: The results obtained showed that the stone dies fabricated using monophase PVS and alginate substitute impression materials were comparable to those of the typodont models. Overall discrepancies of the monophase PVS were smaller than those of the alginate substitute but not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":428123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Health Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124477902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}