Separation and Purification Technology最新文献

{"title":"Hierarchically engineered mutifunctional and robust oil-water separation membranes with integrated dye adsorption and microplastic separation","authors":"Anqi Dou ,&nbsp;Liangyu Wu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yushu Sui ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Chen ,&nbsp;Yanyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Ning Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Guo ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Tang ,&nbsp;Jinhui Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contamination by emulsified wastewater represents a significant global environmental challenge, compounded by the difficulties associated with treating dyes and microplastic pollutants. Although considerable efforts have been devoted to developing high-performance membranes for emulsion separation, their practical application was limited by poor stability and single functionality. Herein, inspired by fish scales, the robust micro/nano-hierarchical exceptional hydrophilic layer were developed on <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> gum (EUG) nanofiber substrate for multifunctional oil-in-water emulsion separation. The hydrophilic layer was fabricated through the Schiff base reaction between ellagic acid (EA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). By employing a cooperative strategy that combines the above hydrophilic network with the in-situ growth of CaCO₃ micro/nanoparticles, endowed the BE@CaCO₃/EUG-6 composite membranes with remarkable wettability. The as-prepared BE@CaCO₃/EUG-6 with unique bioinspired fish scales structure exhibited high separation flux (2627.4 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for n-hexane-in-water emulsion) and efficiency (97% for n-hexane-in-water emulsion), along with excellent dye adsorption capacity, and remarkable microplastic separation performance (4120 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, 99.7%). Most important, the BE@CaCO₃/EUG-6 nanofiber membranes showed outstanding stability under harsh chemical environment, even after 30 days of exposure to acids, alkalis, and salts, the structure and performance remained unchanged. This study presents an innovative strategy for fabricating robust multifunctional with highly effective water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137215"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing high-purity CO2 capture from wet flue gas using air-purge-enhanced low-grade-heat TSA with carbon-based adsorbents: Carbon molecular sieves outperform activated carbon","authors":"Heak Vannak ,&nbsp;Kakeru Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Yugo Osaka ,&nbsp;Takuya Tsujiguchi ,&nbsp;Akio Kodama","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water vapor in the flue gas typically reduces the CO₂ adsorption capacity of physical adsorbents, and chemical absorption requires significant energy for water desorption. Despite active research into CO₂ adsorbents that do not adsorb/absorb water, practical materials remain elusive. It is also desirable to perform low-temperature regeneration using combustion waste heat. Herein, carbon molecular sieves (CMS) and activated carbon were evaluated as hydrophobic adsorbents. The CO₂ recovery performance of the temperature swing adsorption process using low-temperature internal heating and an air purge was investigated under wet and dry conditions. Under a temperature swing of 20–80 °C, CMS outperformed activated carbon in simple adsorption–desorption measurements, and there was no significant decrease in CO₂ separation performance when the feed gas contained moisture. A recirculating process with CMS was then implemented to increase CO₂ purity and recovery. Under wet conditions (dew point temperature of 15 °C), CMS achieved a CO₂ purity of 43% (adsorbed from a simulated feed gas containing ∼10% CO₂) and a recovery ratio of 50%, which are around 1.5 times higher than those obtained by simple adsorption–desorption. Using a two-stage adsorption process under the same wet conditions, the CO₂ purity of the product gas reached 64% (recovery ratio of 51%). Further enrichment by modifying the operating conditions raised the CO₂ purity to 74.7% (recovery ratio of 35%). Ultimately, hydrophobic adsorbents can effectively capture CO₂ from wet flue gas without prior dehumidification. However, further research is needed to optimize the process maximize both CO₂ purity and recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137190"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic responses of nZVI-LDH@biochar to key environmental factors in inorganic nitrogen removal","authors":"Yiming Xie ,&nbsp;Guangzhu Cao ,&nbsp;Ronggao Qin ,&nbsp;Ciming Kong ,&nbsp;Yi Qiang ,&nbsp;Yingying Wu ,&nbsp;Fangling Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Lu ,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive inorganic nitrogen in soil and water causes persistent regional pollution. To deeply address this, we utilized a nano zero-valent iron (nZVI)-layered double hydroxides (LDH)@biochar composite (nZVI-LDH-BC) to achieve coordinated, green removal of ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions via adsorption and redox pathways. The composite's performance was systematically evaluated. It significantly outperformed single-phase traditional precursors under optimal conditions. Specifically, NH₄⁺ removal rates and N₂<img>N selectivity increased by 1.01–5.71 times and 1.89–2.22 times, while NO₃⁻ values improved by 1.47–16.06 times and 1.82–2.57 times. In the comparison of the material types, we observed optimal inorganic nitrogen degradation rates of 3.75 mg/(L·h) and 4.14 mg/(L·h), alongside corresponding N₂<img>N selectivities of 85.29 wt% and 92.15 wt%. In addition, environmental factors regulated removal rates between 40.39% and 100%, while N₂ selectivity fluctuated in the range of 16.81–93.69 wt%. Redundancy analysis identified pH, light intensity, and initial concentration as key factors driving removal rates and N₂<img>N selectivity. Conditions for optimal removal rates included no interfering ions, more and stronger light, an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, and pH 9 or pH 5. In contrast, the differences in conditions favoring N₂ selectivity included K⁺ (10 mg/L), a 1:4 mixing ratio, initial concentrations of 350 mg/L, and pH 7 or pH 9. This study establishes a reference for the environmental applicability of nZVI-LDH-BC. Besides, these findings offer guidance for research on synergistic NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ removal and the selection of environments for long-term application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137163"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From prediction to design: An XGBoost-genetic algorithm framework for high-performance ionic liquids design in CO2 capture blends","authors":"Guiyang Ye ,&nbsp;Zhouhong Li ,&nbsp;Yongwen Xu ,&nbsp;Zhengrui Li ,&nbsp;Tenxian Qin ,&nbsp;Jiaoying Huang ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang ,&nbsp;Junyao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amine-ionic liquid (Amine-IL) blends combine the high CO₂ absorption of alkanolamines with the stability of ionic liquids for efficient carbon capture and reduced energy consumption. In this study, we developed an inverse design framework that integrates machine learning and a genetic algorithm (GA) for the intelligent design of high-performance ionic liquids. The framework uses an XGBoost model to predict CO₂ absorption capacity, employs SHAP analysis to elucidate structure-property relationships, and leverages the GA for molecular structure optimization aimed at maximizing CO₂ loading. Systematic evaluation of 12 MDEA-IL blends (867 experimental data points) shows that the comparison between the group contribution method and RDKit descriptors yields similar accuracy in predicting CO₂ absorption capacity, thereby validating the rationality of the selected molecular fragments. SHAP analysis identifies pressure as the most influential parameter and highlights the positive contribution of CH₂ group to CO₂ loading. Under simulated flue gas conditions, the framework successfully designs novel ionic liquids, with a candidate consisting of [Im₁₃]⁺ and [Ac]⁻ achieving optimal CO₂ loading (1.1048–1.1212 mol/mol) across all pressure regimes, outperforming existing benchmark systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137192"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms and process intensification for green separation of the n-propanol/acetonitrile/water azeotrope via extractive pressure-swing distillation with thermal and membrane integration","authors":"Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Junzhong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenwen Shi ,&nbsp;Mengying Li ,&nbsp;Binyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanyue Lu ,&nbsp;Yinglong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-propanol (N-PRO), acetonitrile (ACN), and water form a ternary azeotropic system. To efficiently recover n-propanol (N-PRO) and acetonitrile (ACN) from wastewater, a basic extractive pressure-swing distillation (EPSD) process was designed based on pressure sensitivity analysis. Firstly, ethylene glycol (EG) was selected as the optimal extractant through relative volatility calculation. The interaction process between EG and N-PRO as well as ACN was analyzed using quantum chemical calculations, and the extractive distillation separation mechanism of EG as an extractant was revealed. Subsequently, the three integrated intensified processes were designed by incorporating heat integration, steam recompression, and pervaporation (PV) technology, namely thermal integrated extractive pressure-swing distillation (HI-EPSD), steam recompression coupled with thermal integrated extractive pressure-swing distillation (SR-EPSD), and extractive pressure-swing distillation coupled with pervaporation (EPSD-PV). For the EPSD-PV process, the polyvinyl alcohol membrane modified with nano-silica was used. Then, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to calculate the diffusion coefficients of solutes in the membrane, and a mass transfer model for the PV process was established. Finally, all processes were simulated using the Aspen Plus software. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the process parameters with the objectives of minimizing total annual cost (TAC) and minimizing gas emissions. The three integrated processes were evaluated from four dimensions: economics, environment, energy consumption, and exergy efficiency. The results show that compared with the EPSD process, the SR-EPSD process has the most significant effects in reducing energy consumption (by 29.66%) and decreasing gas emissions (by 26.8%). while the EPSD-PV process exhibits the best performance in terms of TAC reduction (by 14.18%) and exergy efficiency. This study provides a green and economical solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing N-PRO and ACN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137157"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium alginate sustained magnetic vanadate hydr(oxide) hydrogel beads for robust, selective, and record-high uptake of tetracycline from waters","authors":"Kamatchi Rubini,&nbsp;Triveni Rajashekhar Mandlimath","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study mainly focuses on the development of magnetic vanadium oxide (IVO) reinforced by sodium alginate (Alg) to form hydrogel beads. The as-prepared hydrogel beads were characterized before and after the adsorption of tetracycline (TC) by several spectro-analytical techniques, including powder XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, and XPS. The maximum adsorption densities of 3.254 mmol/g on IVO@Alg hydrogel beads were calculated by a non-linear Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. This value is one of the record-high adsorption densities among the materials reported in the literature. The chemical interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate was confirmed by the kinetic models. The IVO@Alg hydrogel beads were independent of the pH conditions, and they could be used in the extensive pH range from 3 to 12 and were highly selective in the coexistence of binary organic solutions. After seven repeated cycle studies, the studied material showed excellent stability, confirmed by PXRD and FE-SEM analysis. The XPS analysis of TC adsorbed on IVO@Alg hydrogel beads revealed the presence of N-is the indication of successful adsorption of TC onto the IVO@Alg hydrogel beads. The material was also tested with the waters collected from the fields and found that the material is highly selective and suitable for practical applications. This adsorbent stands out as the optimal choice for eliminating TC with high stability from water, due to its remarkable adsorption capacity and simplicity of separation, attributed to its distinctive characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137132"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating coagulation and submerged nanofiltration for achieving low-energy drinking water treatment","authors":"Sandrine Boivin ,&nbsp;Hideaki Sano ,&nbsp;Tetsuji Okuda ,&nbsp;Takahiro Fujioka","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling continues to be a major challenge for the long-term sustainability of nanofiltration (NF) systems used in surface water treatment, highlighting the need for effective pretreatment strategies to mitigate this issue. This study evaluated the effect of pre-coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) on fouling reduction in a submerged flat-sheet NF membrane system. An optimized dose of PACl and two mixing conditions were tested: rapid mixing followed by slow mixing and rapid mixing alone. Both PACl pre-coagulation methods significantly decreased turbidity and mitigated fouling compared to direct filtration. However, the combination of rapid and slow mixing proved more effective, resulting in a 24% increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) after 24 d compared to a 32% increase with rapid mixing alone. The mixing conditions led to different fouling mechanisms and cake-layer characteristics. The combination of rapid and slow mixing produced a thin layer with minimal hydraulic resistance, whereas rapid mixing alone resulted in higher residual turbidity and the formation of a thick, gelatinous cake layer. Although operationally simpler, the rapid mixing alone approach offers less fouling mitigation and organic matter removal. However, the optimal rapid and slow mixing conditions showed a downside: they created a favorable environment for biofouling, as indicated by an increase in TMP after 17 d. This study underscores that PACl pre-coagulation effectively mitigates membrane fouling; however, strategies to actively manage the resulting fouling conditions are crucial for ensuring the long-term reliable performance and implementation of submerged NF systems for sustainable advanced water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137171"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable phosphorus recovery at UiO-66-NH2@PPy composite electrode via capacitive deionization","authors":"Yuehan Li ,&nbsp;Luyi Chen ,&nbsp;Boshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Chenyu Song ,&nbsp;Jianmao Yang ,&nbsp;Jianyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective removal and recovery of phosphorus from wastewater are critical for mitigating eutrophication and ensuring sustainable use of these non-renewable resources. Capacitive deionization (CDI) offers a promising electrochemical route for phosphate separation; yet its performance is often constrained by the insufficient affinity and selectivity of conventional electrode materials. Herein, we rationally designed a conductive polypyrrole-MOF-composite (UiO-66-NH₂@PPy) through low-temperature in-situ polymerization of pyrrole onto a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH₂). The resulting architecture integrated the strong phosphate-binding capability of Zr–O clusters with the superior conductivity and electroactivity of PPy, generating an optimized interfacial structure that facilitates charge transport and increases selective active sites. When employed as a Faradaic anode in a CDI system, UiO-66-NH₂@PPy electrode achieved a high phosphate adsorption capacity of 86.20 mg P/g from a 50 mg P/L solution at 1.2 V, along with high selectivity. Importantly, the electrode demonstrated robust performance in farm ditch wastewater, achieving a phosphate recovery efficiency of 72.72%. This study highlights significant potential of conductive polymer-MOF composites as a compelling class of CDI electrodes for sustainable phosphate removal and recovery from complex aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137137"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated coalescence-air stripping process for deepwater gas field produced water treatment","authors":"Jinwei Xue,&nbsp;Pinyi Dai,&nbsp;Guangyao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongning Cao,&nbsp;Yaohua Huang,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Yiqian Liu,&nbsp;Hao Lu,&nbsp;Qiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exploration and development of offshore gas fields are continuously expanding into deeper sea areas. The produced water from gas field platforms has complex organic components, which poses significant challenges to the discharge of produced water and the increase of natural gas production. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the produced water characteristics from the platform, it is found that the produced water contains a large number of submicron-sized oil droplets with strong stability. Therefore, this study explored the feasibility of the integrated coalescence-air stripping physical treatment method. Among them, the composite fiber knots (CFK) coalescing filter can efficiently disrupt the stability of emulsions and remove oil from water. The air stripping effectively enhances the evaporation of volatile organic compounds. The results of the on-site tests show that this integrated physical process has excellent separation efficiency for different types of produced water, and the oil content in the process effluent can be reduced to 35 mg/L during long-term operation. This integrated coalescence-air stripping process not only successfully provides a promising technical solution for the produced water treatment, but also offers strong support for promoting clean production and ecological protection</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137098"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excellent defluoridation performance of tricalcium phosphate as seed crystal for high fluoride groundwater","authors":"Zhilong Huo ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Bofang Shi ,&nbsp;Chunrong Yang ,&nbsp;Xuyan Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Honghui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The control and removal of fluoride from groundwater is critical for the safety of drinking water and human health. In this study, a method of using tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as a seed crystal to induce fluorapatite (FAP) crystallization for fluoride removal was proposed, and its performance and mechanism were studied. With TCP dosage of 2 g/L and Ca/P/F molar ratio of 4:3:1, the F⁻ concentration decreased from 9.5 to below 1 mg/L within 20 min and remained stable within a pH range of 3–10, superior to FAP/calcite seed crystal. However, the increased solubility of TCP at low pH leads to an increase in the proportion of homogeneous nucleation of FAP. Furthermore, the presence of Mg²⁺, SiO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, and citric acid inhibited the crystallization of FAP, leading to the reduction of defluoridation performance. Adjusting the pH of fluoridated groundwater from 8 to 6 effectively mitigated the adverse effects of high HCO₃⁻ levels in groundwater. During the defluoridation in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) for fluoridated groundwater, a stable effluent F⁻ concentration of below 1 mg/L was demonstrated within the operation of 9 days. The potential defluoridation mechanism involves the initial binding of Ca²⁺ and phosphate ions to form various intermediate species, the interaction of intermediates with F⁻ and Ca²⁺ to generate FAP, and the dissolution or aggregation with other nuclei on the seed crystal surface. This study could provide references on the possible application of TCP in groundwater defluoridation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 137230"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}