Separation and Purification Technology最新文献

{"title":"Selective removal of Fe and Al by raw and functionalized rice husk silicas as a pre-treatment step of phosphogypsum leachates for subsequent recovery of rare earth elements","authors":"Rafaela Moura Rodrigues, Thiago Roger Zago, Mariele Samuel do Nascimento, Fabio Andrei Duarte, Luis Felipe Oliveira Silva, Tito José Crissien, Salah Knani, Sabrina F. Lütke, Guilherme Luiz Dotto","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135360","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth elements (REE) recovery from phosphogypsum by acid leaching has already proven effective. However, the obtained leachates often contain high concentrations of interfering ions, such as Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺, which hinder subsequent REE recovery steps. This work proposes a novel pre-treatment approach for phosphogypsum leachates, focusing on the removal of Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ through adsorption using raw rice husk-derived silica (Si) and rice husk-derived silica functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (Si-APTS) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (Si-APTS-CO). The characterization results demonstrated the success of the silica production and functionalization. The Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ adsorption onto the raw and functionalized rice huks-derived silicas was highly pH-dependent, reaching 30 % Fe³⁺ removal at pH 5.0 and 90 % Al³⁺ removal at pH 5.5. The adsorption of Fe³⁺ ions was faster, and the pseudo-second-order model demonstrated greater suitability to the kinetic data of both metal ions. The Freundlich model fitted the equilibrium data well. The highest <em>q</em>_<em>e</em> values for Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ were, respectively, 34.16 mg g⁻¹ (with Si-APTS-CO) and 32.42 mg g⁻¹ (with Si-APTS) at 333 K and an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g L⁻¹. Functionalization changed the thermal behavior, with Si showing exothermic adsorption, while the functionalized silicas exhibited endothermic adsorption. The adsorbents demonstrated promising potential to remove Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ from a real-world phosphogypsum leachate. In addition, they did not show affinity for the REE³⁺ ions, meaning that there are no losses of these elements in the proposed pre-treatment step.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat integration in reactive distillation: How far have we come and what is still missing?","authors":"Irvy Ai Xia Teh, Hao-Yeh Lee, Zong Yang Kong, Jaka Sunarso","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135437","url":null,"abstract":"Although several review papers have been published on reactive distillation (RD), none have provided a focused analysis and consolidated the full range of heat-integration (HI) strategies aimed at enhancing the energy efficiency of RD process. Recognizing RD as a promising process intensification technique, this review explores the various HI strategies that facilitate energy recovery and reuse within RD process. These include: (i) design-based modifications, which achieve internal HI without additional equipment while also recognizing an overlooked design variable, e.g., catalyst holdup, (ii) heat-pump-assisted approaches such as internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC), mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), and bottom flash (BF), (iii) multi-effect configurations, and (iv) hybrid approaches combining multiple HI. While these strategies are considered mature and have been reviewed individually, existing reviews rarely explore how they may be refined or combined to achieve greater energy savings for RD. To address this gap, this review discusses the practical considerations and challenges, alongside identifying research gaps and future prospects for implementing HI strategies in RD. Of particular interest is the emerging double-effect HI, which leverages upon multiple columns operating at different pressures to significantly reduce external utility demands. While this method has demonstrated notable energy savings, its application in RD remains scattered across individual studies and has yet to be systematically reviewed. Given its promising nature, a comprehensive review to critically evaluate the role of double-effect HI in RD is highly valuable. Overall, this review aims to inspire new HI directions in RD to support the advancement of next-generation sustainable chemical manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium modification in food waste digestate derived granular biochar: unveiling synergistic mechanisms for phosphorus recovery","authors":"Yeqi Lin, Qindong Chen, L.I. Fong Yau Sam, Ke Huang, Qian Wang, Huanan Wu, Qiyong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135513","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is a primary concern in wastewater. It is crucial to develop efficient adsorbents for long-term P removal from wastewater. In this study, we proposed a calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) enhanced granular biochar (BC) adsorbent by co-pyrolysis of food waste digestate, and systematically evaluated the adsorbent properties and adsorption mechanism. Material characterization has verified that in-situ Ca loading via 4–10 nm pore filling improves surface functional groups and enhances biochar yield. The adsorbent prepared with 10 % CaCO₃ achieved the best phosphorus removal capacity (18–20 mg-P/g-BC) versus unmodified counterparts (8–10 mg-P/g-BC). The adsorption followed Langmiur isotherm model and Pseudo-second-order kinetics. Calcium induced active sites enhanced the phosphate trapping with optimal phosphate removal occurring at pH 6–9. Modification with excessive CaCO₃ (20 %) induced structural fragility, and the Ca<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>P precipitate overformation hindered the further phosphate adsorption. Fixed-bed column adsorption revealed prolonged saturation thresholds (&gt;125 h), and the adsorption fitted well with the Clark mass-transfer model (R² = 0.992). Notably, equilibrium between complexation and precipitation mechanisms was achieved at the 10 % CaCO₃ modification. This study establishes a strategy for optimizing granular P adsorbent systems through controlled mineral modification, thereby providing theoretical and practical foundations for full-scale phosphorus recovery deployment.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorptive removal of additive potent organic toxicants from beverages and contaminated waters: A critical review of adsorbent materials, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, mechanisms, and future prospects","authors":"Oluseyi S. Salami, Masixole Sihlahla, Bongumusa S. Dladla, Nomvano Mketo","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135453","url":null,"abstract":"The global consumption of additive potent organic toxicants (POTs) in ergogenic beverages, particularly energy drinks (EDs), has raised significant health and environmental concerns due to their increasing production, excessive intake beyond recommended levels, and discharge into aquatic ecosystems. These additive POTs, which include sweeteners, caffeine, taurine, preservatives, flavorings, and synthetic colorants among others, are recognized as emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and are frequently detected in various water bodies, thus posing risks to human health and ecological systems. Addressing these challenges requires the development of innovative and effective remediation strategies, with new adsorption materials and methods emerging as a promising approach owing to its cost-effectiveness, efficiency, environmental compatibility, and simplicity. Despite considerable research on the adsorptive removal of beverage additive POTs from aqueous media, critical reviews focusing specifically on the application of different adsorbent materials remain limited. Therefore, this article aims to critically analyze recent studies primarily from the past decade on the batch adsorption-based removal of additive POTs from beverages and contaminated waters using diverse adsorbents. The review provides a critical examines the application of various adsorbent materials for beverage additive POT removal, the kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies, as well as the adsorption mechanisms, such as physisorption and chemisorption. It also discusses key factors influencing adsorption, alongside an assessment of the toxicological implications for human health. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and future prospects in the additive POT remediation, emphasizing the need for sustainable, innovative adsorption technologies to ensure safer beverages and improved water quality, in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focused on responsible consumption, food security, health, and clean water.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"135453"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covalent organic framework membranes for wastewater treatment: structural design, interfacial modulation, and environmental applications","authors":"Youngmin Choi, Changwoo Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135514","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of water resources by persistent organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents, and inorganic contaminants, including heavy metals like lead and mercury, poses substantial risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies, including biological degradation, coagulation–flocculation, activated carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes, often exhibit limited efficiency in removing low-concentration or recalcitrant pollutants under variable environmental conditions. Membrane-based separation technologies offer a promising alternative due to their energy efficiency, design flexibility, and selective removal capabilities. Among these, Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a next-generation membrane material owing to their crystalline porous structures, high surface areas, and tunable chemical functionalities. COF membranes often exhibit rejection efficiencies exceeding 99 % for dyes, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals while maintaining high water fluxes. Moreover, the integration of photocatalytic moieties, ionic functionalities, or nanomaterial composites further enhances their selectivity, permeability, and anti-fouling performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress in COF-based membranes for wastewater treatment, focusing on structure–property relationships, fabrication strategies, and factors affecting separation performance. Challenges and future directions for the development of scalable and durable COF membranes for industrial applications are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering active Co-Co/Co-N sites in carbon nanotube catalyst for efficient Fenton-like removal of sulfamethoxazole","authors":"Yue Ma, Yi Chen, Minghui Sun, Xinhe Zhang, Bo Liu, Shi Zhou, Wei Jiang, Chunbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135474","url":null,"abstract":"Development highly efficient and stable carbon-loaded cobalt-based catalysts holds great significance for Fenton-like wastewater purification. The incorporation of N atoms into the carbon substrate can effectively modulate the charge distribution of the catalyst and generate multiple active sites. Herein, using ZIF-9 and melamine as precursors, Co nanoparticles encapsulated N-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@NCNT) were constructed. In Fenton-like catalysis, Co@NCNT could efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and completely degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 5 min. Meanwhile, the Co@NCNT/PMS system shows good resistance to inorganic anions and natural organic matter and is highly adaptable to various organic pollutants. Continuous 10 h operation of SMX degradation indicates Co@NCNT has good cycling stability and practical application potential. Mechanism analysis reveals the synergistic effect between radicals (SO₄^•-) and non-radicals (¹O₂, Co(IV) = O). In addition, there are two active sites (Co-Co/Co-N) to propel PMS activation, Co<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>Co bonds primarily contribute to the formation of ¹O₂, Co(IV) = O, and SO₄^•-, whereas Co<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>N bonds generate a minor amount of ¹O₂, minimize Co leakage, and enhance electron transfer efficiency. In summary, this work provides a strategy for the simple fabrication of catalysts with dual active sites for efficient Fenton-like catalysis.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical separation of UO22+ and Ni2+ using formed WO3 film electrode in LiCl-KCl eutectic","authors":"Quanxing Liu, Mei Li, Rugeng Liu, Meng Zhang, Yubao Liu, Wei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135472","url":null,"abstract":"To separate UO₂²⁺ from the impurity element Ni²⁺, WO₃ film electrode was chosen as cathode to study the electrochemical behaviors of UO₂²⁺ and Ni²⁺. First, WO₃ film was prepared at applied voltage of 25 V in NH₄F-(CH₂OH)₂ solution. The formed WO₃ film exhibited a porous structure and preferentially grew along the (020) crystal direction. Then, the electroreduction mechanisms of Ni²⁺ and UO₂²⁺, as well as the kinetic properties of UO₂²⁺/UO₂ couple and nucleation mode of UO₂ were studied on WO₃ film electrode before and after the addition of the Ni²⁺ using various electrochemical techniques. The electrode reactions of Ni²⁺ and UO₂²⁺ were found to be one-step two-electron transfer process and two-step one-electron transfer process, respectively. The deposition potential of UO₂⁺/UO₂ was found to be more negative than that of Ni²⁺/Ni, indicating that UO₂ and Ni could be co-deposited. The nucleation mode of UO₂ and the exchange current density(<em>j</em>₀) of UO₂²⁺ /UO₂ couple were measured on formed WO₃ film electrode by CA and LP techniques. It was found that in the presence of Ni²⁺, the nucleation mode of UO₂ unchanged, and the value of <em>j</em>₀ became bigger, showing that the presence of Ni²⁺ facilitates the reduction of UO₂²⁺ to UO₂. The electrochemical separation was carried out on W and WO₃/W film electrode through constant potential electrolysis for 1 h. The deposition products were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS and AFM which were composed of dendritic Ni and octahedral UO₂ on W electrode and octahedral UO₂ and polyhedral Ni on WO₃/W film electrode. Notably, after 6 h electrochemical separation, the obtained product was only UO₂. ICP-AES analysis result indicated that as the electrolysis proceeded, the concentration of UO₂²⁺ decreased, while the concentration of Ni²⁺ first decreased and then increased, and finally returned to its initial value, showing the complete separation of Ni²⁺ and UO₂²⁺. The separation factor (<em>SF</em>) of UO₂²⁺/Ni²⁺ was estimated to be 240 ± 5.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of reactive extractive distillation with ionic liquid-based entrainer for sustainable separation of the Allyl Acetate-Allyl Alcohol-Water system","authors":"Wenxuan Zhao, Wenna Liu, Ying Xu, Huairong Zhou, Zhaoyou Zhu, Yinglong Wang, Peizhe Cui, Guoxuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135438","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the separation problem of the allyl acetate/allyl alcohol/H₂O azeotropic system. With the help of extractive distillation and reactive extractive distillation technology, the system is optimized in combination with thermodynamic analysis and process intensification strategy. Based on the COSMO-SAC model, ionic liquids entrainers are screened, and six candidate entrainers such as [PMIM] [NO₃] are determined by comprehensive evaluation, and their compatibility with the intermolecular interaction energy of the system is verified by quantum chemical calculation. The multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to determine [MIM] [NO₃] as the optimal entrainer. Heat-integration and heat pump-assisted heat integration technology enhanced processes are introduced. After Economy-Environment-Exergy-Energy verification, the heat pump-assisted heat integration extractive distillation process is superior to the heat-integrated assisted extractive distillation. Compared with the traditional extractive distillation process, the annual total cost is reduced by 12.66 % and gas emissions are reduced by 30.19 %. Further considering the exothermic reaction of ethylene oxide and H₂O, combined with the heat integrated enhanced process, the annual total cost is reduced by 17.61 % and gas emissions are reduced by 60.38 %. It is finally determined that the heat integrated assisted reactive extractive distillation process shows significant advantages in technical economy and environmental sustainability, providing an innovative solution for the clean separation of azeotropic systems.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"135438"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What governs phosphorus adsorption on biochar-supported layered double hydroxides? A data-driven analysis of parameter interactions","authors":"Xin Huang, Chen Li, Guixian Xie, Huiqiang Ma, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135452","url":null,"abstract":"The rational design of advanced functional materials, such as adsorbents for tackling water eutrophication, is often challenged by inconsistent experimental findings and a lack of generalizable design principles. This difficulty stems from the complex nature of these materials, where performance is dictated by the non-linear interplay of numerous synthesis and operational parameters that traditional trial-and-error methods cannot adequately resolve. This study presents a systematic explainable AI (XAI) framework to move beyond simple prediction and instead deconstruct the complex structure-performance relationships in biochar-supported layered double hydroxide composites (LDH@BC). Leveraging a 2057-point literature dataset, our high-accuracy CatBoost model (R² = 0.956) serves as a reliable foundation for this in-depth analysis. The analysis identified a set of optimal operating conditions, including a solution pH of 4–7 and an adsorbent dosage of 1.0–2.0 g·L⁻¹. Crucially, the model also revealed a key design principle: a low LDHs/BC ratio (0–1.0), combined with sufficient adsorbent dosages, maximizes adsorption capacity by promoting optimal nanoparticle dispersion. This work provides not only specific, data-driven guidelines for the rational design of LDH@BC adsorbents but also demonstrates a transferable XAI framework for accelerating the transition from empirical screening to intelligent, data-informed design for other complex functional materials.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling biomass solid wastes into value-added N-doped biochar for enhanced VOCs adsorption","authors":"Qingqing Huo, Yuxin Du, Fuhang Huo, Shoujun Wang, Yubao Chen, Xingqiang Jiang, Lei Zhang, Qihong Cen, Zewei Liu, Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135476","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N)-doped biochar derived from biomass solid wastes exhibits remarkable potential for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) control due to its high selectivity and high adsorption efficiency. In this paper, the preparation methods of N-doped biochar through pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization are comprehensively reviewed, and various physical and chemical activation methods are also introduced. After nitrogen doping, the nitrogen content of the biochar increased by up to 10.7 times, and its adsorption capacity for VOCs was enhanced correspondingly by up to 10.5 times. This review also provides a detailed discussion on the mechanism for VOCs by N-doped biochar. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and π-stacking are considered to be the main adsorption mechanisms. Moreover, the influences of feedstock types and nitrogen doping methods on the properties of resulting N-doped biochars are revealed. The nitrogen functional groups, total pore volume, and specific surface area of biochar are the most critical factors affecting adsorption. Notably, in-situ nitrogen doping offers a simple process with high structural nitrogen content, whereas ex-situ doping provides controllable nitrogen content and greater flexibility. In the future, the integration of machine learning with life cycle assessment can guide the development of cost-effective, high-performance, and scalable N-doped hierarchical porous biochar materials. This review benefits subsequent related research in upcycling biomass solid wastes into N-doped biochar for VOCs adsorption.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"128 1","pages":"135476"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}