Estonian Journal of Archaeology最新文献_第2页

NEW DATA ON FUNERAL CUSTOMS AND BURIALS OF THE BRONZE AGE REZNES CEMETERY IN LATVIA 拉脱维亚青铜时代reznes墓地的丧葬习俗和埋葬的新数据

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/ARCH.2021.1.01

D. Legzdiņa, E. Plankājs, A. Vasks, G. Zariņa

引用次数: 7

In search of Estonia’s earliest chicken 寻找爱沙尼亚最早的鸡肉

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2021.2.04

F. Ehrlich, M. Laneman, V. Lang, L. Lōugas, E. Oras, E. Rannamäe, M. Tõrv

{"title":"In search of Estonia’s earliest chicken","authors":"F. Ehrlich, M. Laneman, V. Lang, L. Lōugas, E. Oras, E. Rannamäe, M. Tõrv","doi":"10.3176/arch.2021.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/arch.2021.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"It has been hypothesised that the chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) was introduced to the area of what is now modernday Estonia around the PreRoman or Roman Iron Age. However, none of the earliest chicken bones found in the area had been radiocarbon dated and due to a complex contextual background, the question of its first appearance has been left open. With the aim of finding the earliest evidence for the chicken in Estonia, we looked into the zooarchaeological material from twelve archaeological sites, including burial grounds, settlement sites, and hillforts. The earliest evidence had been reported at four of these sites, but during the taxonomic reassessment, no chicken bones were identified. From the remaining eight sites, nine chicken bones were radiocarbon dated by AMS. The sample from a stonecist grave at Rebala (northern Estonia) was dated to 200 calBCE – 5 calCE, which means that this individual is the earliest confirmed chicken in Estonia. The other dates range from the PreViking Age to the Modern Period, with some of them illustrating the complicated nature of faunal remains in archaeological contexts. Although this study elucidates the first appearance of the chicken in Estonia and in the Baltic region in general, its origin, ways of exploitation, and the extent of its spreading remain to be studied.","PeriodicalId":42767,"journal":{"name":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88768452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

THE DATE OF THE STONE-CIST CEMETERY AT JÕELÄHTME RECONSIDERED 重新考虑了jÕelÄhtme石阵墓地的日期

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/ARCH.2021.1.03

M. Laneman

引用次数: 3

BURIED IN THE DUNES: CREMATION OF THE MIGRATION PERIOD ROSSON 11 IN THE NARVA–LUGA KLINT BAY AREA 埋在沙丘中:纳尔瓦-卢加克林特海湾地区迁徙时期的火化

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/ARCH.2021.1.02

G. Danilov, D. Gerasimov, A. Kriiska, E. Mikhaylova, I. Shirobokov, K. Shmelev

引用次数: 0

CHRONOLOGY OF A GROUP OF STONE-CIST GRAVES IN NORTHERN ESTONIA: RADIOCARBON DATES FROM LASTEKANGRUD AT REBALA 爱沙尼亚北部一组石棺坟墓的年代学:来自rebala的lasstekangrud的放射性碳年代

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2021.2.02

M. Laneman

{"title":"CHRONOLOGY OF A GROUP OF STONE-CIST GRAVES IN NORTHERN ESTONIA: RADIOCARBON DATES FROM LASTEKANGRUD AT REBALA","authors":"M. Laneman","doi":"10.3176/arch.2021.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/arch.2021.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-two radiocarbon dates of human bone were obtained to clarify the chronology of five stone-cist graves at Rebala, northern Estonia. The calibrated dates of the cist burials mostly span the Hallstatt plateau of the calibration curve, i.e. 800–400 BC. The cemetery was probably present around 600 BC at the latest, but there is no firm evidence to further constrict the date of the cist burials. The results do not overlap with the previously obtained radiocarbon dates of the charcoal from beneath the graves, which indicate the 13th–9th centuries BC. A few radiocarbon-dated burials outside the cists show that the cemetery was still in use after 400 BC, but it remains unclear whether the use was continuous from the Bronze into the Pre-Roman Iron Age or consisted of temporally separate episodes. Whether the latest interments in the Pre-Roman Iron Age coincided with the establishment or use of the block-shaped fields around the graves remains also undecided. The case exemplifies the difficulties in pinpointing the end of the stone-cist burial tradition in Estonia. In addition to the prehistoric burials, grave II contained at least nine infant skeletons, most likely from the 15th century AD, and thus served as an example of the well-known cultural phenomenon of secluded infant burial.","PeriodicalId":42767,"journal":{"name":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91131264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Time Machines; An exploration of Roman period copper-alloy objects in an Estonian tarand cemetery, using pXRF 时间机器;使用pXRF对爱沙尼亚tarand墓地中罗马时期铜合金物品的探索

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2021.2.05

M. Roxburgh

{"title":"Time Machines; An exploration of Roman period copper-alloy objects in an Estonian tarand cemetery, using pXRF","authors":"M. Roxburgh","doi":"10.3176/arch.2021.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/arch.2021.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new qualitative method for the use of pXRF in archaeological research. A bulk, multi-elemental approach applies a non-destructive survey technique to the copper-alloy objects recovered in a Roman period tarand cemetery, in north-east Estonia. The aim is to explore the chronological development of the cemetery by comparing the objects and their find locations against historically known changes in alloy composition. Then a more focused destructive analysis is undertaken from a selected group of bracelets commonly found in these northerly cemeteries, but also in greater numbers in the Roman provinces. The results revealed strong correlations between alloy classification and find location. Furthermore, the quantitative (destructive) analysis of a single bracelet has added to the debate about the nature of long-distance contact between the people of north-eastern Estonia, the southern Baltic and the distant Roman frontier. It also raises the possibility that these people were placing Roman produced items into their cemeteries in the decades before the traditionally accepted start of the Roman Iron Age. This suggests that a new assessment for its beginning is called for, one that aligns the earliest imported Roman items to the first half of the 1st century AD.","PeriodicalId":42767,"journal":{"name":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85786129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Coins and tokens from a 15th-century landfill in the Kalamaja suburb of Tallinn 塔林卡拉马加郊区15世纪垃圾填埋场的硬币和代币

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2021.2.03

I. Leimus, A. Tvauri

{"title":"Coins and tokens from a 15th-century landfill in the Kalamaja suburb of Tallinn","authors":"I. Leimus, A. Tvauri","doi":"10.3176/arch.2021.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/arch.2021.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"2018–2019 at least 35 000 finds were revealed on the plot at Jahu 6 in the medieval and early modern Kalamaja suburb of Tallinn, which had been brought to the disposal area together with waste and garbage from the city surrounded by the city wall. In addition, 249 coins from the 14th–15th century were found. The latter are mostly Livonian coins, first and foremost from Tallinn, less from Tartu and Riga because foreign coins constituted only 2.4 per cent. The most common denomination is pfennig. The composition of the coin assemblage confirms, with regard to its origin and nominal distribution, the previous knowledge of coin circulation in the 15th-century Livonia based on the comparative analysis of coin hoards and written sources. The fact that the temporal distribution of coins in the upper and deeper layers is rather even suggests that most of the garbage had been deposed over a rather short period of time in 1470– 1480. It seems that garbage disposal may have ended some time before 1490. The garbage layer also revealed three counterfeit coins from an alloy of tin and lead, which imitate 15th-century Tallinn small change. Other interesting finds from the garbage layer include two tokens from an alloy of tin and lead – one of them granted the right to grind grain and the other probably malt in the mills owned by the City of Tallinn.","PeriodicalId":42767,"journal":{"name":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75031448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

THE OLDEST CLAY TOBACCO PIPES FROM VILNIUS, LITHUANIA: THE INTERPRETATION OF ORIGIN, CHRONOLOGY AND SOCIAL CONTEXT 来自立陶宛维尔纽斯的最古老的粘土烟管:起源、年代和社会背景的解释

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2021.2.01

A. Žvirblys

引用次数: 0

THE CHILDREN ARE MISSING! SOME THOUGHTS ON THE UNDERREPRESENTATION OF NON-ADULT BURIALS IN LATVIAN IRON AGE CEMETERIES 孩子们不见了!关于拉脱维亚铁器时代墓地中非成人墓葬代表性不足的一些思考

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2020.2.03

A. Ērkšķe

{"title":"THE CHILDREN ARE MISSING! SOME THOUGHTS ON THE UNDERREPRESENTATION OF NON-ADULT BURIALS IN LATVIAN IRON AGE CEMETERIES","authors":"A. Ērkšķe","doi":"10.3176/arch.2020.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/arch.2020.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that the mortality of young children (0–5 years) in past societies was approximately 40%, but archaeological material yields considerably lower nonadult percentages over and over again. The purpose of this study is to analyse subadult representation in Latvian Iron Age cemeteries (5th–13th c. AD) by critically approaching and discussing various taphonomic and cultural aspects that could affect the preservation of burials. The proportion of children aged between zero and five years comprises less than 6% of all studied burials, and there are only two confirmed infant burials from the Iron Age. In order to analyse the underrepresentation of nonadult burials, two hypotheses were tested: 1) nonadults are missing because of intrinsic and extrinsic taphonomic factors; 2) infants and small children were buried elsewhere/differently. It was concluded that skeletal material has been considerably affected by taphonomic processes and that better preservation of skeletal material could increase the quantity of nonadult burials. Although the shallowness of nonadult burials is frequently mentioned as one of the reasons that significantly affect preservation, it was concluded that there is no correlation between the depth of a burial and the age of an individual. In the course of research it was hypothesized that there could have been different burial traditions for infants and that the majority of infants may have been buried elsewhere or in a different manner.","PeriodicalId":42767,"journal":{"name":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87177633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

COOKING FOR THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: LIPID ANALYSES OF RAUŠI SETTLEMENT AND CEMETERY POTTERY FROM THE 11TH–13TH CENTURY 为生者和死者烹饪:11 - 13世纪rauŠi定居点和墓地陶器的脂质分析

IF 1 1区历史学

Estonian Journal of Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3176/arch.2020.1.02

A. Gunnarssone, E. Oras, H. Talbot, K. Ilves, D. Legzdiņa

引用次数: 6