Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences最新文献

Avant-gardes et expérimentations des formes dans les revues pharmaceutiques suisses: le cas Sandorama (1962–1965) 瑞士制药杂志中的先锋派和形式实验：Sandorama案例（1962-1965）

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77003

M. Pic

引用次数: 0

Les méthodes d’évaluation de nouveaux remèdes dans la première moitié du 19ème siècle: l’exemple des médecins genevois 19世纪上半叶评估新疗法的方法：日内瓦医生的例子

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77001

C. Ruffieux

引用次数: 1

The stethoscope goes digital: Learning through attention, distraction and distortion 听诊器实现数字化：通过注意力、分心和扭曲进行学习

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77005

M. V. Drie, A. Harris

{"title":"The stethoscope goes digital: Learning through attention, distraction and distortion","authors":"M. V. Drie, A. Harris","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77005","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries, those training doctors have been faced with the challenges of standardising subjective experiences and constructing “the universal body” in learning situations. Various technologies have been introduced to address these challenges, with varying degrees of success. In this article we focus on the stethoscope, specifically the electrical and digital stethoscope models. Historical and social studies of medicine have already underlined the sociomateriality of learning in medicine. In this article we underscore the per formative nature of teaching and learning in the sociomaterial context. We do so by juxtaposing ethnographic and historical events that stage electrical and digital stethoscopes. These are not documentations of everyday practices but rather reconstructions of choreographed performances for learning about the body. In these stagings, the novice is taught to focus attention and avoid distraction, when learning the sounds of “the body”. Through engaging with, and comparing, different ethnographic and historic materials and artefacts, and through methodological reflection, we examine the importance not only of attention and distraction in learning a bodily skill, but also of dealing with distortion. We argue that these ethnographic and historic insights into distortion illuminate a neglected aspect of medical training, and more generally, in shaping sensory perceptions.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The American Roots of Social Epidemiology and its Transnational Circulation. From the African-American Hypertension Enigma to the WHO’s Recommendations 社会流行病学的美国根源及其跨国流通。从非裔美国人高血压之谜到世界卫生组织的建议

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77002

M. Arminjon

{"title":"The American Roots of Social Epidemiology and its Transnational Circulation. From the African-American Hypertension Enigma to the WHO’s Recommendations","authors":"M. Arminjon","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77002","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, the Commission on Social Determinants of Health at the World Health Organisation published a report demonstrating the existence of a socio-economic gradient for health. Though health inequalities had been apparent since at least the 19th century, the report introduced a bio-psycho-social aetiological model that was absent from 19th century social medicine, as well as from former WHO documents. To bio-psycho-social epidemiologists stress associated with social status is the main cause of morbidity and death.\u0000Here I begin by noting that the history social epidemiologists have written for their fi eld tends to inscribe their work in continuity with 19th century social medicine. This contributes towards minimizing the epistemological and contextual transformations that led bio-psycho-social epidemiology to initiate a profound transformation in international health policy. Adopting an epistemological and transnational perspective, I fi rstly argue that bio-psycho-social epidemiology emerged from René Dubos’ historical and epistemological critique of the foundation of 19th century social medicine. I secondly show how the political and epistemological research program elaborated by Dubos developed in the US context, which was characterized both by a growing concern for chronic diseases and for racial inequalities.\u0000Finally, I show that through its transnational circulation in the United Kingdom, bio-psycho-social epidemiology was “de-racialized”. This step was a prerequisite for its aetiological model to be integrated into international public health strategies and to transform them.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assurance-maladie et libéralisme économique: l’échec de l’initiative populaire du Parti socialiste suisse de 1974 医疗保险和经济自由主义:1974年瑞士社会党人民倡议的失败

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77004

H. Buclin

引用次数: 0

Books Received 书收到了

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77007

Editors Gesnerus

引用次数: 0

«Nach Aufnahme arterielle Hypotonie»: Personenkonzept und Kommunikationsformen in der Experten-Medizin «使arterielle低血壓»:Personenkonzept交流方式和在Experten-Medizin

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77015

Martina King

{"title":"«Nach Aufnahme arterielle Hypotonie»: Personenkonzept und Kommunikationsformen in der Experten-Medizin","authors":"Martina King","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77015","url":null,"abstract":"“Arterial hypotonia after admission”: concepts of personhood and types of communication in clinical medicine\u0000This article deals, from the perspective of textual and narrative theory, with certain forms of communication in current clinical medicine. It will be argued that diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in highly specialized medical contexts tend to be fragmented and pluralistic and that this compromises a distinct concept of personhood. Therefore, clinical experts should adopt an integrative understanding of the patient as coherent entity. The phenomenon of depersonalization in clinical medicine is, among others, reinforced by a quasi ‘hegemonial’ expert genre that organizes almost all case-based communication among specialists: the discharge report or epicrisis. However, there is hardly any research about this genre. Against this background, a brief overview will be given over the historical development of the medical report in the 20th century and its epistemological function, using archival sources. Certain narrative peculiarities such as deagentivization, reductionism and fundamental linearity indicate that the medical report has the function of ordering past courses of events and of making causal connections evident – therefore it works anyway in a depersonalizing manner. In this context, the Medical Humanities have a serious didactic task: they should raise critical awareness of the relationship between talking, writing, thinking and acting among future clinicians already during their academic education.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42430262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vom «autistischen Psychopathen» zum Autismusspektrum. Verhaltensdiagnostik und Persönlichkeitsbehauptung in der Geschichte des Autismus 从»«孤僻精神变态到Autismusspektrum .诊断学和孤独症史

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77012

R. Graf

{"title":"Vom «autistischen Psychopathen» zum Autismusspektrum. Verhaltensdiagnostik und Persönlichkeitsbehauptung in der Geschichte des Autismus","authors":"R. Graf","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77012","url":null,"abstract":"Der Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis von Persönlichkeit und Verhalten in der Defi nition und Diagnostik des Autismus von Kanner und Asperger in den 1940er Jahren bis in die neueren Ausgaben des DSM und ICD. Dazu unterscheidet er drei verschiedene epistemische Zugänge zum Autismus: ein externes Wissen der dritten Person, das über Verhaltensbeobachtungen, Testverfahren und Elterninterviews gewonnen wird; ein stärker praktisches Wissen der zweiten Person, das in der andauernden, alltäglichen Interaktion bei Eltern und Betreuer*innen entsteht, und schließlich das introspektive Wissen der ersten Person, d.h. der Autist*innen selbst. Dabei resultiert die Kerndifferenz in der Behandlung des Autismus daraus, ob man meint, die Persönlichkeit eines Menschen allein über die Beobachtung von Verhaltensweisen erschließen zu können oder ob es sich um eine vorgängige Struktur handelt, die introspektiv zugänglich ist, Verhalten prägt und ihm Sinn verleihen kann. Die Entscheidung hierüber führt zu grundlegend anderen Positionierungen zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansätzen, wie insbesondere zu Ole Ivar Lovaas’ Applied Behavior Analysis.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gesnerus. Swiss Journal for the History of Medicine and Science, 1943-2020 Gesnerus。瑞士医学和科学史杂志，1943-2020

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.24894/GESN-EN.2020.77008

V. Barras, H. Steinke

{"title":"Gesnerus. Swiss Journal for the History of Medicine and Science, 1943-2020","authors":"V. Barras, H. Steinke","doi":"10.24894/GESN-EN.2020.77008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/GESN-EN.2020.77008","url":null,"abstract":"The volume you hold in your hand is the last issue of our journal in its present form. Gesnerus, continuously published since 1943, will continue with a new name, a new team, and new patrons. From 2021 onwards, it will be known as the European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health (EHMH), edited jointly by the Swiss Society for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences and the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health and will be published by Brill (Leiden). In the early 1920s, 100 years ago, the Swiss Society for the History of Medicine and the Natural Sciences was founded by two very different private scholars, between whom there was nevertheless a certain affi nity.1 One was Arnold C. Klebs (1870-1943), a physician from Bern and former director of the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, who now resided as a wealthy private citizen in Nyon on Lake Geneva. The other was Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957), who came from a wealthy Schaffhausen family and was in the process of completing his habilitation thesis in medical history in Zurich. The two are paradigmatic representatives of those whom the society, founded in 1921, wanted to address. As Klebs himself put it in a letter to Sigerist: “We want to attract the collector as well as the philosopher, and also those who are simply sentimentally interested in the old.” 2 With the collector, Klebs had careful empirical scholars like himself in mind; with the phi-","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46183991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

«Krass aus der Norm gefallen»? Das Konzept der «schweren Persönlichkeitsstörung» in der Auswahl männlicher Delinquenten für Sozialtherapeutische Anstalten in Nordrhein-Westfalen in den 1970er Jahren “不正常”？20世纪70年代北莱茵-威斯特法伦州社会治疗机构男性罪犯选择中的“严重人格障碍”概念

Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013

M. Streng

引用次数: 0