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Duris, Pascal: Quelle révolution scientifique? Les sciences de la vie dans la querelle des Anciens et des Modernes (XVIe–XVIIIe siècles). Paris, Hermann, 2016. 412 p. € 40.–. ISBN 978-2-7056-9179-0 杜里斯，帕斯卡：什么是科学革命？古代和现代争论中的生命科学（16-18世纪）。巴黎，赫尔曼，2016年。412 pp.40欧元ISBN 978-2-7056-9179-0
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-06 DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07501010
Guillaume Kaufmann
{"title":"Duris, Pascal: Quelle révolution scientifique? Les sciences de la vie dans la querelle des Anciens et des Modernes (XVIe–XVIIIe siècles). Paris, Hermann, 2016. 412 p. € 40.–. ISBN 978-2-7056-9179-0","authors":"Guillaume Kaufmann","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07501010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07501010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42052522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sommer, Marianne: History Within. The Science, Culture, and Politics of Bones, Organisms, and Molecules. Chicago; London, The University of Chicago Press, 2016. viii+544 p. Ill. $ 50.–. ISBN 978-0-226-34732-5 玛丽安，索默：内在的历史。骨骼、有机体和分子的科学、文化和政治。芝加哥伦敦，芝加哥大学出版社，2016年。viii+544页伊利诺伊州。50美元。国际标准图书编号978-0-226-34732-5
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-06 DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07501023
J. Bangham
{"title":"Sommer, Marianne: History Within. The Science, Culture, and Politics of Bones, Organisms, and Molecules. Chicago; London, The University of Chicago Press, 2016. viii+544 p. Ill. $ 50.–. ISBN 978-0-226-34732-5","authors":"J. Bangham","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07501023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07501023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development Aid and Solidarity Work : East and West German Health Cooperation with Low-Income Countries, 1945 to 1970 发展援助和团结工作:东德和西德与低收入国家的卫生合作，1945年至1970年
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07402002
Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy
{"title":"Development Aid and Solidarity Work : East and West German Health Cooperation with Low-Income Countries, 1945 to 1970","authors":"Walter Bruchhausen, Iris Borowy","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07402002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07402002","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1949 and 1989, both the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in the West and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the East, engaged in health-related relations with low-income countries in the global South. The strong position of the churches in West Germany and the dominant position of the state in the East provided the preconditions for diverging international health activities, as did differences in ideology and economic status. Activities entailed similarities (an initial focus on clinical therapy and material donations) and differences (in scale, composition of actors and conceptualization). Programs evolved gradually, reacting to circumstances rather than a master plan. By the late 1960s, international health assistance was mainly organized as a component of “development aid” in the FRG, while regarded as “solidarity” in the GDR, in both cases designed to spur changes in reci pient countries according to the respective Northern models as components of a perceived direct, global East-West confrontation.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87304048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Introduction. Towards a Contemporary Historiography of Amateurs in Science (18th–20th Century). 介绍。走向科学业余爱好者的当代史学(18 - 20世纪)。
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-11-06 DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07302001
H. Guillemain, Nathalie Richard
{"title":"Introduction. Towards a Contemporary Historiography of Amateurs in Science (18th–20th Century).","authors":"H. Guillemain, Nathalie Richard","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07302001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07302001","url":null,"abstract":"The last few decades have seen considerable growth in the role played by amateurs in the sciences. With the development of new techniques for collecting information, new virtual networks and the emergence of new problematics calling for the participation of citizens, this role has also become more visible, while the modern boundary between professionalism and amateurism, first erected in the 19th century, has been shaken. These contemporary developments have changed our perspective on amateurs in science and brought forth questions and analyses that sometimes coincide with recent inflections in the history of science.\u0000Thus it is now possible to take a new approach to the historical study of amateurs in contemporary science. This introduction hopes to demonstrate this, while the essays brought together in this volume, some of which explore extreme cases, reveal the very relative nature of the definition of the “amateur” category and how complex and fertile its implementation has been in the history of science.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 2 1","pages":"201-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64617477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Conrad Gessner's Paratexts. Conrad Gessner的Paratexts。
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/GESN-EN.2016.73004
A. Blair
{"title":"Conrad Gessner's Paratexts.","authors":"A. Blair","doi":"10.24894/GESN-EN.2016.73004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/GESN-EN.2016.73004","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout his prolific publishing career Conrad Gessner composed abundant paratexts which offer valuable insight into his methods of working. Gessner wrote many dedications, only a minority of which were addressed to major patrons of his day. Instead he used them to thank dozens of physicians and scholars for sending him information, images, and manuscripts for his ongoing projects. Gessner acknowledged new arrivals in successive publications and invited further contributions explicitly. In \"to the readers\" and other passages Gessner called attention to his future publication plans and his skill in working with printers and in editing manuscripts of recently deceased scholars, thereby also encouraging new commissions. Gessner was also a master indexer and innovated especially in drawing up the first index of authors cited for his edition of Stobaeus in 1543 and a new all-purpose index in his Stobaeus of 1549. Many other aspects of Gessner's paratexts warrant further study.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 1 1","pages":"73-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69132289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
[Entomology around 1900: an Amateur Science?]. [1900年左右的昆虫学:一门业余科学?]
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01
Loïc Casson
{"title":"[Entomology around 1900: an Amateur Science?].","authors":"Loïc Casson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the turn of the twentieth century, French entomology seemed divided between a multitude of fans and few official scholars. On the one hand, the\u0000network of the French Entomological Society, and on the other, a chair at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle. To illustrate this duality between\u0000academic entomology and a more domestic entomology, we present a study based on two men: Charles Janet, a little-known province engineer who could be seen as a mere amateur among the professionals, Eugène-Louis Bouvier who was a scholar at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle and the Academy of Sciences. The biographical approach developed here will allow us to meet close associates of these two men. Considering their own perceptions we will see how these actors situated themselves within their discipline. This approach will allow us to give a broader picture of French entomologists around 1900: their number, their institutions, their relationships and their means of communication. This text shows that the amateur/professional dichotomy is an unsuitable tool to describe entomology at that time.</p>","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 2","pages":"294-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Scholars and Amateurs in Ornithology around 1800: Sharing Literature]. [1800年左右鸟类学的学者和业余爱好者:共享文献]。
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01
Anne-Gaëlle Weber
{"title":"[Scholars and Amateurs in Ornithology around 1800: Sharing Literature].","authors":"Anne-Gaëlle Weber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ornithology has emerged as a science at the turn of the 18th century. To become a self-sufficient scientific discipline, studies of birds had to distinguish themselves from luxury, trade and poetry. Scholars had to invent new ways of writing, different from the beautiful and ornamented books on birds, even if these books were often published by other scholars who had been expelled from academic institutions and therefore considered as «amateurs». The same scholars needed the help of «amateurs» in order to observe and explain bird migration. First ornithological discourses in Europe and the United States illustrate the relationships between scholars, authors and «amateurs» and show how these words can be used in different meanings.</p>","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 2","pages":"256-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Amateurism in Geology: the French Reception of the Continental Drift Theory (1920-1950)]. [地质学的业余主义:法国对大陆漂移理论的接受(1920-1950)]。
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01
Philippe Le Vigouroux, Gabriel Gohau
{"title":"[Amateurism in Geology: the French Reception of the Continental Drift Theory (1920-1950)].","authors":"Philippe Le Vigouroux,&nbsp;Gabriel Gohau","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the beginning of the XXth century, Wegener proposed a theory – that of the roaming drift of the continents – unifying the rival theories of the Europeans and the Americans. As the work of a non-specialist who didn’t trouble himself with specific details, it raised numerous criticisms from specialists in various disciplines though others welcomed and supported it. Some even understood that despite its flaws, it started a new research program. Paradoxically, as regards its simplicity, nonspecialists – engineers, popularizers, secondary school teachers and even believers in para-sciences – gave it a favorable reception. Being amateurs, they continued to endorse it when specialists abandoned it.</p>","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 2","pages":"337-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35854401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circulation of images and graphic practices in Renaissance natural history: the example of Conrad Gessner. 文艺复兴时期自然史中图像流通与图形实践:以康拉德·格斯纳为例。
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2016.73003
F. Egmond, S. Kusukawa
{"title":"Circulation of images and graphic practices in Renaissance natural history: the example of Conrad Gessner.","authors":"F. Egmond, S. Kusukawa","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2016.73003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2016.73003","url":null,"abstract":"Conrad Gessner's Historia animalium is a compilation of information from a variety of sources: friends, correspondents, books, broadsides, drawings, as well as his own experience. The recent discovery of a cache of drawings at Amsterdam originally belonging to Gessner has added a new dimension for research into the role of images in Gessner's study of nature. In this paper, we examine the drawings that were the basis of the images in the volume of fishes. We uncovered several cases where there were multiple copies of the same drawing of a fish (rather than multiple drawings of the samefish), which problematizes the notion of unique \"original\" copies and their copies. While we still know very little about the actual mechanism of, or people involved in, commissioning or generating copies of drawings, their very existence suggests that the images functioned as an important medium in the circulation of knowledge in the early modern period.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 1 1","pages":"29-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69132181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
[Neither Pedants nor Amateurs? Psychological Journals in Germany in the last three Decades of the 18th Century]. 既不是学究也不是业余爱好者?18世纪后30年德国的心理学期刊[j]。
Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01
Claire Gantet
{"title":"[Neither Pedants nor Amateurs? Psychological Journals in Germany in the last three Decades of the 18th Century].","authors":"Claire Gantet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neither pedants nor amateurs? Psychological journals in Germany in the last three decades of the 18th century The Magazin zur Erfahrungsseelenkunde introduced a new tone in the evolving field of psychology. For the first time, attention was paid not to the abstract relationships between body and soul, but to suffering individuals from the «common folk». The collection and systematic publication of\u0000accounts of readers should eventually allow the formulation of an empirical «science of the soul». The readers would eventually send accounts of personal and experienced «cases». By 1800, this conception of the science of psychology was called into question by educated philosophers who, in journals opened only to specialists, endeavored to develop a more professional psychology. They nevertheless failed in formulating general criteria of scientificity. The main argument of this article is that the distinction between amateurs and scientists was not an outcome of the inner evolution of the field of psychology, but that it developed through practices of communication in which periodicals play a major role.</p>","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"73 2","pages":"238-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35853969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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