2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE最新文献

{"title":"EFFECTS OF CORE STRUCTURE IN MULTIPHASE SIMULATION OF AN EARTH DAM","authors":"K. Edip, V. Sheshov, J. Bojadjieva, T. Kitanovski, D. Ivanovski, I. Gjorgjeska","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.53","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most popular themes in earthquake geotechnical engineering is the simulation considering the phase interaction among different phases inside the soil medium. The present article aims at providing numerical simulations of an earth fill dam composed of multiphase material models. Moreover, the assessment of liquefaction potential is investigated considering the presence of core structure inside the dam body which obviously has great implications for the results. The formulation of the coupled approach is presented as a mixture of three constituents – soil grains, water and air in the pores. Mixture theory is considered including the concept of volume fractions in defining of the coupled approach. An earth dam has a trapezoidal cross section with the presence of core structure inside the dam body. The flow of water is different and simulations are more time consuming for which results from literature are used in verification process. The simulation considers a nonlinear behavior with respect to the water retention curves and material model for the solid state. The hydrostatic distribution of water pressured at steady state conditions show obvious differences in saturation of the earth filled dam and are in accordance with the results from literature. The dam is assumed to be situated above a hard rock formation. The soil material of the dam body is simulated as hypoplastic material model which is nonlinear even for the small deformations. The usage of hypoplastic model and the accumulation of strain in each cycle of the stress – strain relation makes the model advantageous. Results are compared accordingly, and conclusions provide directions for further usage of the multiphase model in simulation of this type of structures","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF COLUMN WEB STIFFENERS ON MOMENT RESISTANCE AND DUCTILITY OF EXTENDED END-PLATE BOLTED CONNECTION","authors":"Anita Gjukaj, Petar Cvetanovski, Ferit Gashi","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Extended end-plate bolted connections as moment-resistant connections between beam and column usually fall in the semi-rigid partial strength category. Simplicity, duplication, and economy made this joint widely used in steel frame structures. This type of joint is prevalent nowadays which requires knowledge of the entire nonlinear moment-rotation behaviour of the joints. Using ABAQUS FE software in this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is developed to identify the effect of different geometrical parameters on the behaviour of extended end-plate bolted connection with four bolts per horizontal row as a semi-rigid beam-to-column joint. The component method which, is adopted in Eurocode 3, parts 1-8, provides detailed application rules for the design of bolted end-plate connections when most of them are limited to configurations with two bolts only in each horizontal row, without column web stiffeners. By using the finite element model, a parametric study is conducted to study the influence of column web stiffeners (compression and tension stiffeners, K stiffeners, and double web stiffeners) on three main properties of extended end-plate bolted connection, moment capacity (Mj,Rd), initial rotational stiffness (Sj.in) and rotation capacity (Φcd) under monotonic loading, using finit element (FE) analyses. The analytical research work, done here gives specific attention to the characterization of joint ductility, which is one of the critical behaviours of semi-rigid connections compared with rigid or pinned ones based on finite element analyses.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126951997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF AN UNREINFORCED MASONRY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING HIT BY THE ZAGREB EARTHQUAKE IN 2020","authors":"Silvia Pinasco, M. Demšić, Marta Šavor Novak, Mario Uroš, S. Cattari, S. Lagomarsino","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.125","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the moderate intensity, the series of earthquakes in Zagreb (2020) caused significant social and economic impacts and damage to the built environment. The city of Zagreb has a moderate seismic hazard, but it is highly exposed (densely populated) and the built environment is quite vulnerable (age of structures, low maintenance, illegal construction, and numerous reconstructions). The greatest damage was sustained by unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings for residential use in the historic downtown of Zagreb built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In addition to material deterioration, the transformations suffered by these buildings – often without being driven by anti-seismic standards - may increase their seismic vulnerability. Within this context, the main goal of the paper is to analyse the seismic response of an unreinforced masonry residential building selected to be representative of the existing historical masonry heritage in Zagreb downtown, built in the early twentieth century. The URM building has a rectangular floor plan and a 4-story elevation. Numerical investigations are carried out by using the equivalent frame method implemented in Tremuri software and by performing both nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. Since it is part of a typical residential block in the centre of Zagreb, the case study was analysed in two configurations: considering it isolated from the rest of the aggregate and sandwiched between two adjacent structural units. The results reported in this paper must be intended as a preliminary step for addressing future developments oriented to deepen the effects of interaction with adjacent buildings varying the position of the structure into the aggregate as well as those due to possible transformations and strengthening interventions.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134467042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NONLINEAR STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A TYPICAL MASONRY BUILDING IN PALMOTIĆEVA STREET IN ZAGREB","authors":"Vanesa Jusufbašić, S. Medić, Mario Uroš","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.99","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, nonlinear static pushover and dynamic time-history analyses of a typical masonry building situated on Palmotićeva street in downtown Zagreb were performed. The building was erected in 1922 before any seismic codes were introduced in practice. It has a basement, four stories, an attic (total height equal to ca. 23m), and an asymmetric plan consisting of two connected parts: a street part (24.4x12 m) and a courtyard part (10.6x12 m). The floor structure consists mainly of wooden beams except above the basement, where the RC slab was installed. The solid brick masonry walls with variable thicknesses (15-90 cm) are evenly distributed in both directions. Two numerical macro-models were created employing Diana 10.4. Engineering masonry constitutive law was used to describe the highly nonlinear behavior of masonry walls which can crush, crack or fail in shear. Three numerical models were created describing the current damaged state and the possible strengthening with rigid floor diaphragms. The response of the building was assessed in terms of capacity curves, inter-story drifts, and cracking patterns.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115515938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL IN-PLANE SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF AN INNOVATIVE STEEL REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM FOR URM WALLS","authors":"L. Albanesi, N. Damiani, C. F. Manzini, P. Morandi","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.122","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental campaign, followed by a numerical research, aimed at evaluating the in-plane seismic behaviour of an innovative steel modular system (named “Resisto 5.9”, designed by Progetto Sisma s.r.l.) for the reinforcement of load-bearing masonry walls, has been performed at the EUCENTRE Foundation in Pavia. Different masonry typologies, selected among the most common solutions in Italian existing buildings, were considered in this study. In this paper, the results related to a solid clay bricks masonry, assembled using lime mortar in “header bond” pattern, are reported. A complete mechanical characterization of units, mortars, masonry typologies and of the strengthening system components (i.e. steel elements and anchors) has been carried out. In-plane cyclic pseudo-static tests were then performed on full-scale specimens to investigate the influence of the proposed reinforcement system on the lateral in-plane response of the walls, compared to their unreinforced conditions. The main parameters which characterized the cyclic behaviour of the masonry piers, i.e. elastic stiffness, lateral strength and displacement capacity, were analysed in relation to the achieved damage mechanism. The numerical study of the research consisted of a series of parametric non-linear analyses on advanced discontinuous models based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM). Different wall dimensions, vertical load levels and boundary conditions, in addition to those tested experimentally, were considered. Moreover, the numerical campaign was also extended varying the bond pattern and the mechanical properties with respect to the experimentally tested solutions. In this paper, the results of the experimental tests on solid brick masonry together with the calibration of the related numerical DEM models were reported.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117131283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HARMONIZED REGIONAL RISK EXPOSURE MODEL OF BASIC SERVICES AND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF CBR BETWEEN N.MACEDONIA, GREECE AND ALBANIA","authors":"V. Sheshov, R. Apostolska, M. Vitanova, G. Jekic, A. Zlateski, R. Salic, Stevko Stefanoski, M. Baballëku, Neritan Shkodrani, D. Pitilakis, Christos Pedritis","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.67","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the improvement of disaster and emergency management through building a harmonized and efficient system for risk assessment of structures in the cross-border region (CBR) has become increasingly popular. Harmonization of the risk exposure model for cross border regions is first and most important step for assessment of risk in the region. Different countries, even neighboring ones, have different frameworks in which buildings for basic services and transport infrastructures are designed, built and maintained. Hence, they involve different institutions and employ different ways of gathering information on existing structures within their networks. Each of them may use different methods and systems for keeping records on their assets. Therefore, there is no readily available inventory which covers the entire stock of bridges and buildings for basic services in any of the CRISIS adjacent partner countries. The harmonized regional risk exposure model is result of the activities carried out within one of the working packages of two-year EU-funded project CRISIS (Comprehensive RISk assessment of basic services and transport InfraStructure). In this paper harmonized regional risk exposure model for the basic services (schools and hospitals) and transport infrastructure (bridges) is shown. Herein presented are the realized activities that enabled developing a harmonized cross-border regional risk exposure model, which encompasses all relevant assets related to the basic services and transport infrastructure. A regional exposure database has been created based on contemporary practice and research compatible with the GEM Exposure Database (https://storage.globalquakemodel.org/what/physical-integrated-risk/exposure-database/). This database is specific enough to conduct numerical analysis and develop or select proper vulnerability functions.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130591107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE AND SEMI-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS FOR THE POST-EARTHQUAKE ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING MASONRY","authors":"Lukša Lulić, M. Stepinac, Karlo Ožić, J. Ortega, Marieta Núñez García, S. Saloustros","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"After a long period of inactivity, strong seismic events occurred in Croatia. Due to the extensive damage caused by the recent earthquakes, a significant phase of reconstruction and strengthening follows. Determining the actual seismic behavior of existing masonry structures is of great importance for future management and the economical and purposeful strengthening of the load-bearing structure. Modern software solutions and design methods are an essential part of the assessment, but they are only as useful as long as the input parameters are reliable. This is where in-situ test methods come into play, providing useful information about the mechanical properties of the structure. In the paper, the flat-jack method and sonic pulse velocity method are described in more detail and the results of certain tests are presented and compared.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEISMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS ON A HIGH RISE RC BUILDING","authors":"K. Edip, Jordan Bojadjiev, Done Nikolovski, J. Bojadjieva","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.62","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is for sure one of the most neglected effects in seismic structural design practice. However, many researchers showed that it might notably affect seismic performance results. In fact, the state-of-the-art seismic codes are encouraging including SSI for structures with considerable p-Δ effects and mid to high-rise buildings. In the current research, seismic soil-structure interaction analysis is made for a selected mid-rise reinforced concrete building with several different SSI techniques (models). In order to quantify the effect of SSI on the overall response of the selected structure, the global seismic response within a frame of force-displacement relationship for different earthquake intensities, different SSI mathematical models and different soil categories is presented. Comparing the outcome of the performed analysis it was observed that the structural performance was affected significantly by the foundation system and contributes considerably to the overall structural performance of the selected structure in specific soil conditions. As the results indicate, more code-based recommendations are required for the improvement of the SSI structural seismic design, especially in soft soil cases, where the soil-structure interaction might significantly affect the seismic response of buildings.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115931868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF WELDED BOLT SHEAR CONNECTORS SUBJECTED TO REVERSED CYCLIC LOADING","authors":"Marines Perez, C. Bermúdez, T. Perea","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.91","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional bolts fillet-welded to steel and embedded in concrete have been a common method of force transfer between steel and concrete materials in composite construction in some Latin American countries. Welded bolt shear connectors have been used in both low-rise and mid-rise constructions replacing headed steel stud shear connectors. Whereas the installation of headed studs requires the use of a special high voltage equipment, welded bolts can be welded with fillet welds using shielded metal arc welding process more economically. Welded bolt shear connectors are also used in lateral load resisting composite systems. Natural cyclic loads from earthquakes cause connectors to be subjected to alternating shear forces. For this reason, the cyclic behavior of shear connectors is particularly important in these systems. In this study, a series of experimental tests on composite push-out specimens with welded bolt shear connectors were performed to investigate the behavior of shear connectors subjected to fully reversed cyclic loading. Of specific interest was the behavior under low-cycle fatigue. Results show up to 57 % reduction in connector shear capacity under reversed cyclic loading compared to static capacity.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124105299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NONLINEAR SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF COUPLED WALLS DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EUROCODE 8","authors":"Ivan Mrdak, M. Rakočević","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.93","url":null,"abstract":"Experience from previous earthquakes have shown that wall structural systems experience less damage during earthquake compared to frame systems. Wall systems for functional and architectural reasons frequently have openings (windows, doors, elevators, esc.). Wall systems with regularly distributed openings represent efficient system for resisting earthquake loads. Coupling beams connecting the walls, if designed and detailed properly, increase seismic resistance of the building by distribution of inelastic deformations both vertically and in plan. Eurocode 8 introduced set of rules for design and detailing of coupled walls and coupling beams. In order to access performance of coupled walls and beams designed in accordance with EC8, linear and nonlinear analysis of 11 story building was performed. Linear elastic modelling was done using software for linear analysis. The walls and coupling beams were designed and detailed in accordance with the provisions of Eurocode 8, part 1. Nonlinear model and assessment of inelastic response was conducted using Perform 3d CSI software for nonlinear analysis. For the modelling of coupled walls, wall section with fibers is used. The confined constitutive relationship is used for concrete edge elements, and unconfined relationship for concrete for the rest part. The reinforcement constitutive model was defined with bi-linear curve. Coupling beams are modelled using frame elements with shear hinge elements. Deformation capacities of elements was defined in accordance with EC8 provisions. Considering that EC8 doesn’t provide provisions for deformation capacities of diagonally reinforced coupling beams, deformation capacities for these elements is defined in accordance with the provisions of ASCE 41-06 standard. Static nonlinear analysis is performed in accordance with EC8 provisions and deformation capacities of wall elements and coupling beams checked in accordance with the provisions EC8 part 1 and part 3, where applicable. Characteristic results are presented on the end of paper, with conclusions and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126301929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}