2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE最新文献

{"title":"COMBINED PROTECTION OF BRIDGES EXPOSED TO EARTHQUAKE AND FLOOD DISASTERS WITH NEW RB-UPGRADED ISOLATION SYSTEM","authors":"J. Ristić, Venera Hajdari, Labeat Misini, D. Ristić","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.70","url":null,"abstract":"Combined and extensive experimental and analytical study devoted to development of an integrated earthquake and flood protection (EFP) bridge system was performed. It represents an extension of the integral research project led by the fourth author, conducted in the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University (Skopje), during three and a half years, in the frames of the innovative NATO Science for Peace and Security Project “Seismic Upgrading of Bridges in South-East Europe by Innovative Technologies (SFP: 983828)”, involving five European countries and led by the fourth author. The presently introduced EFP bridge system represents a specific, extended segment of the integral research. The upgraded, seismically isolated (USI) system with integrated space flange (SF) energy dissipation (ED) devices has been developed as a mechanical passive concept to provide harmonized response of bridge structures to earthquakes. It was formulated as an adaptive system, which follows the adopted concept of global optimization of seismic energy balance, through utilization of newly designed dissipation devices as a supplementary damping level to bridge isolation. The new EFP-bridge system is based on obligatory incorporation of the following four integrated complementary systems: (1) Seismic isolation (SI) system, (2) Seismic energy dissipation (ED) system, (3) Combined earthquake and flood displacement limiting (EFDL) system composed of new and experimentally tested RB devices and (4) Uplift protection system (UP). With the extensive experimental quasi-static cyclic tests conducted by simulated, gradually increased displacement amplitudes, there were confirmed very stable hysteretic responses of the created prototype models of rubber buffer (RB) devices applicable for efficient protection of common and isolated bridges exposed to either strong earthquakes or flood disasters. Following the upgrading of the seismically isolated (USI) bridge system with energy dissipation devices, the adopted original rubber buffer (RB) devices represent an important additional line of defense against abrupt loadings due to earthquake and flood disasters.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"120 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126309856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF BUILDING’S WALLS BEARING CAPACITY AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE","authors":"Alush Shala, J. Bleiziffer","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.89","url":null,"abstract":"Strengthening and increasing the capacity of load-bearing walls of buildings after an earthquake is a challenge that requires special study. A viable option is strengthening using standard cement-based materials. This paper will first present and discuss the buildings with load-bearing walls that have shown earthquake survival ability, as well as some methods to improve their performance. The example that is used for discussion is a building that has suffered significant damage from the 2019 earthquake in Albania. The paper will present the calculation of the performance and load-carrying capacity of this building with the load-bearing walls made of clay and silicate bricks after an earthquake of magnitude M=6.2 Richter. The building comprises load-bearing walls and was built in the 1960s-70s. The materials characteristics used in calculations are derived from laboratory tests and on-site non-destructive testing. The results obtained from the calculation of the building before and after the earthquake and after the reinforcing of the building will be compared. The strengthening of walls is made using cement-based materials. The calculations are performed using SAP2000 and ETABS software and include static and dynamic performance. The results of the calculations will be analyzed to conclude the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of the buildings. The environmental and socio-economic impacts on society from the strengthening of buildings damaged by earthquakes will also be presented.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TESTING OF MODELS OF ORIGINAL AND UPGRADED CONNECTION BETWEEN RC FLOOR-BEAM AND COLUMN USED IN MODERN PRECAST HALL SYSTEM","authors":"Labeat Misini, J. Ristić, V. Hristovski, D. Ristić","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.72","url":null,"abstract":"The design and construction of modern, globally upgraded and seismically safe industrial hall systems (SSIH Systems) is currently viewed as an activity of extraordinary importance since these structures most frequently house new advanced and robotically conceptualized industrial machines and equipment, whose value multiply exceeds the value of the integral structures. The SSIH systems are of vital importance because it is only by their practical application that efficient and continuous functioning of important production industrial systems and compounds is provided. The achieved safety margins, the actual seismic performances and the present limitations of the used pin-based floor-beam column connections of the existing precast N-system were integrally confirmed by the original results obtained from the conducted experimental tests of the constructed connection prototype models. The precast N-system is commonly used for intensive construction of large industrial structures in different regions and countries, including areas of Europe and wider characterized by high seismicity. The initial results obtained from the laboratory test of the constructed large-scale prototype model representing a common floor-beam column (CFBC) connection confirmed the actual bearing capacity of the connection, the damage propagation pattern and the specific total failure mode. To investigate possible upgrading of the connection safety, a specific supplementary test was performed using the created and constructed new experimental model, representing an upgraded floor-beam column (UFBC) connection by application of an improved concrete confinement and use of larger diameters of steel connection pins (dowels). The main conclusion regarding the safety increase was that such common upgrading concept of pin-based connections could not be considered as a basic adequate approach since it was able to provide only limited upgrading effects. The existing need for creation of a new, advanced, experimentally proved and effective innovative upgrading method was clearly pointed out.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF DISASTER RISK GOVERNANCE IN POST-DISASTER RECOVERY","authors":"Z. Sigmund, M. Šimic","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.105","url":null,"abstract":"This paper emphasizes the role of decision-making and disaster risk governance in post-disaster recovery on the example of the post-disaster recovery of Croatia after a series of strong seismic events in mainland Croatia. The analysis is based on a thorough review of the national documents of Croatia that overlapped with the national journals reporting on the situation from the affected areas.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128191308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETROFIT OF MASONRY BUILDINGS WITH CRM - COMPOSITE REINFORCED MORTAR - SYSTEM: PRACTICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT SEISMIC CAPACITY","authors":"A. Dudine, A. Bez, Mihel Bosankić, Pierpaolo Turri","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.69","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient masonry buildings are characterized often by a high seismic vulnerability: innovative intervention strategies for strengthening, based on the use of FRP composite materials are gradually spreading. In particular, the coupling of FRP preformed elements (meshes, angles and connectors) with mortar layers (Composite Reinforced Mortar techniques - CRM) evidenced a good physical, chemical and mechanical compatibility with the historical masonry and experimental campaigns proved to be effective for the enhancement of both in-plane and out-of-plane performances of masonry, contrasting the opening of cracks and improving both resistance and ductility. The resistant mechanisms that are created in CRM reinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane horizontal actions are analyzed in the paper and a practical design approach to evaluate their performances is illustrated, evidencing the dominant collapse mode at the varying of the masonry characteristics. Some masonry walls are analyzed numerically and analytically, as “case study”.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125597092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF THE HISTORIC BUILDING OF “SOKOLANA” IN KUMANOVO","authors":"E. Delova, A. Zlateski, V. Shendova, Z. Bozinovski","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.68","url":null,"abstract":"The historic building of “Sokolski dom” in Kumanovo belongs to the plain masonry type of buildings. Built in the thirties of the last century for the needs of the “Sokolski Society”, this building was once the main impetus for enrichment of cultural, entertainment and sports life, enabling the proper development of many generations. Due to its significance it was put under the protection as cultural-historic heritage in the country. The subject of this paper is a detailed analysis of the stability of existing structure, which proved the need for its repair and seismic upgrading. With detailed analysis of the bearing and deformation capacity it was determined that the existing structure does not meet the requirements according to the national regulations. Therefore, the need for repair and strengthening was imposed, with the main goal of ensuring seismic stability of the building. Considering the possibilities and certain limitation for structural interventions from one hand, and the required bearing and deformation characteristics of the elements and the structure as whole from other hand, a traditional solution for strengthening was adopted, by reinforced concrete jackets and horizontal belt course. This technical solution provides increase of the structural bearing and deformation capacity of the system, as well as its ductility capacity, which is especially important for this type of buildings in case of seismic excitations. By increasing the deformation capacity, the input energy in the system would be consumed, which would greatly increase the seismic safety and security of the building.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131411556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT MASONRY TOWERS","authors":"I. Balic, N. Živaljić, H. Smoljanović, A. Munjiza, B. Trogrlić, Valentina Štefković, Ana Livaja","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, numerical analysis of several historical masonry towers located in Italy was conducted. The towers differ in their geometric characteristics in terms of slenderness, thickness of the outer walls, the proportion of openings, while the material properties of all towers are similar. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the influence of various geometries, soil properties and types of earthquakes on the seismic resistance of masonry structures. The geometries of the towers were taken from the available literature. The analysis was carried out with the planar numerical model Y-2D, which is based on the finite-discrete element method (FDEM). The towers were discretized at the macro level using triangular three-node finite elements between which contact elements were implemented that take into account material nonlinearity. The discretization of the towers was carried out at the macro level, taking into account the averaged properties of the mortar and blocks. This is modelled using triangular three-node finite elements between which contact elements are implemented to consider material nonlinearity. In this way, the phenomenon of the initiation and propagation of cracks in the tension and shear was modelled. An incremental dynamic analysis was performed for three real earthquakes until the complete collapse of the structure. In each increment, the appearance of the first cracks, the propagation of the cracks, as well as the failure mode of the structure were monitored. The performed numerical analyses highlight the suitability of the FDEM method in the analysis of the seismic resistance of masonry structures. The conclusions reached in this paper can serve as guidelines for engineers in assessing the seismic resistance of existing masonry structures.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130779076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CASE STUDY OF PRINCE RUDOLF INFANTRY BARRACKS - ASSESSMENT, MODELLING AND RECONSTRUCTION","authors":"Boja Čačić Šipoš, Nataša Ivanišević, Mija Klasić, Lukša Lulić, Ivan Matorić, M. Stepinac","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.94","url":null,"abstract":"The procedure of a detailed condition assessment of the building under heritage protection in Zagreb is presented. A detailed historical background of the case study building is shown, and observed damage and conducted in situ tests are discussed. The nonlinear static seismic analysis performed in the 3Muri software is extensively elaborated. Four different levels of reconstruction according to new Croatian law are briefly presented. Additionally, several strengthening scenarios are proposed with various strengthening techniques. The renovation of the case study building is presented through extensive photo documentation. The problems in renovations of culturally protected buildings in a specific case study are raised.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134245608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COUPLING OF HIGHRISE BUILDING EARTHQUAKE RETROFIT AND BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (BIM) SYSTEM","authors":"A. Elnashai, D. Moon","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.71","url":null,"abstract":"Highrise buildings that have structural irregularities are in general more susceptible to damage from earthquakes. Such damage is primarily due to the coupling of torsional and translational vibrational response whereby the building twists even though it is being excited in translational modes only. For optimal earthquake design and retrofit of such structures, several cycles of iterations of structural analysis followed by design change are often needed. To provide efficiency and accuracy of iterative assessment-adjustment cycles in the design process, this study proposes an integrated seismic design and assessment framework. The ‘Revit Structure’ platform from Autodesk, a prominent member of the Building Informational Modeling software family, and ZEUS-NL from Mid-America Earthquake Center, one of the most advanced earthquake simulation programs, are utilized for seismic design and analysis tools, respectively. An advanced bi-directional linkage interface is developed so that two distinct and complex computer codes can exchange essential structural or non-structural member data in both directions without any loss of information. This coupled approach also provides improved earthquake analysis and design guidelines which can address damaging torsional effects. The feasibility of the proposed framework and its components are successfully evaluated and verified through an application example. It is observed and verified that more reliable and better seismic design for irregular buildings can be achieved using the proposed framework.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RISK-BASED SEISMIC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A TYPICAL MASONRY BUILDING IN THE URBAN AREA OF ZAGREB","authors":"Ante Pilipović, Mario Uroš, Marta Šavor Novak, S. Prevolnik","doi":"10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.142","url":null,"abstract":"The Zagreb 2020 earthquake has damaged many historical buildings within the old city centre despite it’s medium intensity. Damaged buildings were mostly typical unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) in aggregates built in the first half of the 20th century when seismic codes were not sufficiently developed and they are considered high-risk in case of an earthquake. A risk-based assessment of such a typical masonry building in the urban area of Zagreb is presented and it’s seismic performance evaluated. The nonlinear model of a four-storey building using ETABS is described and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed using 13 ground motion records selected according to local seismotectonic conditions. 13 IDA curves are generated up to collapse with a total of 96 performance points. Damage states are assigned by direct visual inspection of the 3D model after each IDA run using EMS-98 damage classification instead of EDP parameter thresholds. Fragility curves are derived for slight, moderate, extensive and complete damage states using IM-based approach. The vulnerability curve is derived using mean damage ratio (MDR) values according to the latest national seismic risk assessment for URM buildings in Zagreb. Results show that this type of buildings reaches slight damage state for return period TR=95 years, exceeds moderate damage for TR=225 years and reaches extensive damage and even collapse for TR=475 years. This building type is therefore very vulnerable to code-based hazard and should be retrofitted in order to increase it’s seismic performance.","PeriodicalId":427395,"journal":{"name":"2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering ‒ 2CroCEE","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124590460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}