Baltic Journal of European Studies最新文献_第5页

The Outcome of Directive 2009/73/EC Amendment on EU’s Natural Gas Security 欧盟天然气安全指令2009/73/EC修正案的结果

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/BJES-2019-0005

Javad Keypour

{"title":"The Outcome of Directive 2009/73/EC Amendment on EU’s Natural Gas Security","authors":"Javad Keypour","doi":"10.1515/BJES-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BJES-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The European Commission has proposed an amendment on the Gas Directive 2009/73/EC to broaden the applicability of the Directive to all gas pipelines from/to the EU including Nord Stream 2. This research focuses on the question of whether the amendment can really boost EU’s natural gas security, by hindering Nord Stream 2. Thematic analysis has been employed as the methodology for analyzing collected data from primary and secondary sources, and relying on a legal and political analysis. The research findings show that although the amendment hinders Nord Stream 2, it also affects the operation of the existing interconnectors adversely. It also declines investors’ tendency for planned pipelines, which lowers EU’s energy security. Moreover, empowerment of the Commission in the proposed amendment curtails Member States’ plans to enhance their energy security. In addition, the security analysis of the research shows that Moscow’s ability to take advantage of its “energy weapon” is being defied because of dependence on European technology and finance, particularly under the sanction condition. Therefore, restraining Russian gas in the European market will not result in a higher level of energy security since reliable and affordable alternatives are not so available. Hence, all four elements of energy security—that is, affordability, availability, accessibility, and acceptability—are jeopardized by the proposed amendment. The current study concludes that although the amendment is expected to boost the energy security of the Union, it may now turn into a threat per se.","PeriodicalId":42700,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of European Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Fragments of Europeanization of Georgian Property Law and Law of Obligations in the Context of Reception of German Law 在接受德国法的背景下，格鲁吉亚物权法和义务法欧洲化的片段

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/BJES-2019-0008

Tamar Zarandia, N. Chitashvili

{"title":"Fragments of Europeanization of Georgian Property Law and Law of Obligations in the Context of Reception of German Law","authors":"Tamar Zarandia, N. Chitashvili","doi":"10.1515/BJES-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BJES-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present research article focuses on the description of the dynamics of Europeanization of two fundamental concepts of Georgian property law and the law of obligations—acquisition of a thing from a non-authorized alienator and the unified concept of breach of obligation—in the context of reception of German law. At the historical stage of formation of the Civil Code of Georgia (CCG), focusing on the conceptual framework of German civil law, the German law, in its turn, was an integral part of the Europeanization process. Hence, Europeanization influenced the development of Georgian civil law through the reception of German law. When referring to the reception of German law in this article we simultaneously mean the process of Europeanization of Georgian civil law, which penetrated not directly but rather through the reception of European (in this case, German) codification. The ongoing reform of Georgian civil law inevitably requires its legal harmonization with EU codifications in the context of central paradigms of acquisition of a thing from a non-authorized alienator and the unified concept of breach of obligation. Analysis of the dynamics and often contradictory root of the Europeanization of Georgian private law will enable scholars and legislators conduct legal approximation process on the basis of research-based recommendations.","PeriodicalId":42700,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of European Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Do Transition Countries Converge towards the European Union? 转型期国家是否向欧盟靠拢？

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/BJES-2019-0007

D. Šiljak, S. Nagy

{"title":"Do Transition Countries Converge towards the European Union?","authors":"D. Šiljak, S. Nagy","doi":"10.1515/BJES-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BJES-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this paper is to analyze if the Western Balkan and Eastern Partnership countries converge towards the twenty-eight members of the European Union. The relationships between the selected macroeconomic variables and per capita GDP growth rate are econometrically tested to support this research. The analyzed period is 2004–2017, with two sub-periods: 2004–2008 and 2009–2013. The subdivision is made to test whether the recent financial crisis affected the absolute and conditional convergence process in the analyzed group of countries. The empirical findings support the economic convergence hypothesis. The results show that the recent financial crisis negatively affected the absolute and conditional convergence process, when economic variables are included in the analysis. The negative effects of the crisis on conditional convergence with economic and socio-political variables are not identified. The poorer countries in the analyzed group should do more to attract investment and open their economies, as gross fixed capital formation and economic openness have a positive impact on per capita growth, and keep low inflation or stabilize it, while general government debt and unemployment should be decreased in the examined sample of countries.","PeriodicalId":42700,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of European Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43358362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

From Eu-phoria to Eu-phobia? Changing Turkish Narratives in Eu–Turkey Relations 从Euphoria到Euphobia？欧土关系中土耳其叙事的变化

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/BJES-2019-0002

G. Yılmaz

引用次数: 3

Democracy and Economic Development: Disentangling the Effect of Elections and Rule of Law 民主与经济发展:分离选举与法治的影响

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3387902

Yassine Bakkar, Ali Recayi Ögcem

引用次数: 7

European promises: policy options of Eastern partnership policy 欧洲的承诺:东方伙伴政策的政策选择

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2018-0020

Žilvinas Martinaitis

引用次数: 1

The Caucasus 3 Plus the Baltic 3 and Economic Cooperation with China 高加索加波罗的海以及与中国的经济合作

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2018-0015

Vakhtang Charaia, Archil Chochia, Mariam Lashkhi

引用次数: 4

A Review Article on Internet-based Psychological Interventions in Primary Care. What is the Global Experience? How Reliable are Results from RCTs? Lessons Learned from the European, US and Australian Case Studies 一篇关于初级保健中基于互联网的心理干预的综述文章。什么是全球体验？随机对照试验的结果有多可靠？欧洲、美国和澳大利亚案例研究的经验教训

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2018-0019

Melita Sogomonjan, T. Kerikmäe, Pille Ööpik

{"title":"A Review Article on Internet-based Psychological Interventions in Primary Care. What is the Global Experience? How Reliable are Results from RCTs? Lessons Learned from the European, US and Australian Case Studies","authors":"Melita Sogomonjan, T. Kerikmäe, Pille Ööpik","doi":"10.1515/bjes-2018-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2018-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the context of the EU’s Digital Single Market (eHealth) Strategy, the deployment of digital tools for patients’ empowerment and person-centred care is of high demand and importance. Shifting from treatment to health promotion and disease prevention, a variety of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programmes have been proven to be effective for managing common mental health disorders in secondary care even hough the effectiveness and the clinical use of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programmes alone in primary care have not been approved yet. Additionally, such interventions are neither included in the international clinical guidelines for treating common mental health disorders nor regulated by Member States as a healthcare service. Despite that, the UK National Health Service and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare endorse the use of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy as a first treatment option. The aim of this research is to investigate the global experience of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programmes in controlled and real-life conditions in general practice and to evaluate the reliability of the results and concomitantly their compliance with the European Commission’s eHealth Strategy. A systematic review of quantitative studies was conducted from January 2007 to December 2017. The results indicated that unsupported internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programmes alone are less effective than combined therapy options for treatment purposes, if no additional therapy is prescribed. Guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy may supplement traditional treatment methods resulting in improving the control of mental disorders, but are unable to demonstrate consistent quality or replace face-to-face therapy.","PeriodicalId":42700,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of European Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"145 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The European Union Digital Single Market—Challenges and Impact for the EU Neighbourhood States 欧盟数字单一市场——对欧盟邻国的挑战和影响

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2018-0013

Katrin Nyman-Metcalf, Ioannis Papageorgiou

引用次数: 7

Beyond Neoclassical Economics: The Impact of Religion on the Economic Disparity Between Georgia and Estonia 超越新古典经济学：宗教对格鲁吉亚和爱沙尼亚经济差距的影响

Baltic Journal of European Studies Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2018-0014

Anastasia Mgaloblishvili

引用次数: 1