PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Does Trade Reform Promote Economic Growth? A Review of Recent Evidence","authors":"D. Irwin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3411673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3411673","url":null,"abstract":"Do trade reforms that significantly reduce import barriers lead to faster economic growth? In the two decades since Rodriguez and Rodrik’s (2000) critical survey of empirical work on this question, new research has tried to overcome the various methodological problems that have plagued previous attempts to provide a convincing answer. This paper examines three strands of recent work on this issue: cross-country regressions focusing on within-country growth, synthetic control methods on specific reform episodes, and empirical country studies looking at the channels through which lower trade barriers may increase productivity. A consistent finding is that trade reforms have a positive impact on economic growth, on average, although the effect is heterogeneous across countries. Overall, these research findings should temper some of the previous agnosticism about the empirical link between trade reform and economic performance.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128672467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climbing the Rungs of the Quality Ladder: FDI and Domestic Exporters in Romania","authors":"Matěj Bajgar, B. Javorcik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3486189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3486189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article argues that inflows of foreign direct investment can facilitate export upgrading in host countries. Using customs data merged with firm-level information for 2005–11, it shows a positive relationship between the quality of products exported by Romanian firms and the presence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the upstream (input-supplying) industries. Export quality is also positively related to MNE presence in the downstream (input-sourcing) industries and the same industry, but these relationships are less robust. These conclusions hold both when the product quality is proxied with unit values and when it is estimated following the approach of Khandelwal et al. (2013).","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126608645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Affiliation with Export Service-Providers on Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Perspective of Small- and Medium-Sized Exporters","authors":"Sang-Bong An, Han-Mo Oh","doi":"10.35611/jkt.2019.23.3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2019.23.3.38","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – An appreciable number of small- and medium-sized exporters have continuously succeeded in their export marketplaces even though they do not possess enough resources. Advocating that affiliation with an export service-provider plays an important role in this phenomenon, we aimed to theoretically explain how export service providers’ competences and relational factors drive small- and medium-sized exporters’ competitive advantages in the long-run.<br><br>Design/methodology – Drawing prominently on the resource-based view and the relationship marketing theory, we built an empirically testable model. The model showed the roles of exporter capabilities, export service-provider competences, and relational factors on small- and medium-sized exporters’ sustainable competitive advantages.<br><br>Findings – The results of our research showed that exporter production and branding capabilities positively influenced their sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, export service-providers’ marketing competence and relationship-building competence positively moderated the effects of exporter capabilities on their parties’ sustainable competitive advantages. Finally, affiliation parties’ interfirm trust and relationship commitment positively moderated the effects of export service provider competence on the relationship between exporter capabilities and sustainable competitive advantages.<br><br>Originality/value – Although prior studies have highlighted the effects of an exporter’s resources on export performance, our research filled a knowledge gap of the effects of other resources on export performance. First, we proposed two types of export service-provider, competence marketing and relationship-building, influencing exporters’ competitive advantage. Second, the effects of relational factors were proposed in the context of export affiliations.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132890413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response of State-Owned Enterprises to Import Competition: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms","authors":"J. Duanmu, R. Pittman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3360260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3360260","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the wage and employment impact on Chinese firms of an increase in import competition associated with China’s WTO accession in December 2001, with an emphasis on state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We find that both wage and employment are negatively impacted by an increase in import competition, but firms with high state ownership cut employment less and reduce wages more than their private counterparts, suggesting that they prioritize the protection of employment over that of wages. This finding supports the notion that SOEs may have “multitask” responsibilities in terms of protecting employment as well as achieving efficiency. We also find that firms with higher capital intensity reduce their wages less but cut employment more in response to intensified import competition. This provides empirical support for the efficiency wage theory.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129328755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Ricardo Still Relevant? An Empirical Re-Examination of Ricardian Trade Theory","authors":"Michael Nower","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3351220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3351220","url":null,"abstract":"Ricardian trade theory predicts that countries should produce and export according to their comparative advantage, exporting relatively more in industries in which they can produce at a lower relative cost. Although this is one of the fundamental theories of international trade, it has received little attention in the modern empirical literature, except for the recent key contribution by Costinot et al. (2012). I adopt their innovative theoretical framework to re-estimate Ricardian comparative advantage using the first direct comparison of relative exports and relative productivities. Thus, in this paper, I provide the first theoretically consistent estimation of the extent to which relative bilateral trade flows can be explained by relative productivity differences i.e. Ricardian Comparative Advantage. I show that, although there is a significant positive correlation between the degree of a country's comparative advantage and its bilateral trade flows, relative productivity differences only explain a very small percentage of relative bilateral trade flows. I then estimate the impact of Ricardian Comparative Advantage across a number of sub-samples of industries and countries to explore the drivers of deviations from comparative advantage in the patterns of international trade. Following this analysis, I argue that Ricardian Comparative Advantage better predicts trade in goods than trade in services.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131691092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Foreign Trade in Russia: Preliminary Results of the Past Year","authors":"A. Knobel, Alexander Firanchuk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3329872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3329872","url":null,"abstract":"In January-October 2018, exports of fuel and energy commodities increased by 36% as compared to the relevant period of the previous year (78% relative to the level of 2013). Other goods exports increased by 16%, having returned to the pre-crisis values (103% relative to the level of 2013). In the first ten months, imports increased by 7%, despite depreciation of the real ruble/dollar exchange rate. Growth in imports of some non-food products is evidence of continued recovery of consumer demand. In the geographic pattern of the sales turnover, the share of China grew (+1.0 p.p.) on the back of 1.5-fold growth in exports.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127415638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Supermarkets will Run out of Food and People’s Health will be at Risk': No-Deal Fact Checker","authors":"Victoria Hewson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3853118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3853118","url":null,"abstract":"The UK imports 30% of its food from the EU, an amount that will be at its peak in March due to the low availability of domestic fresh produce at that time. Much of it comes through the Calais to Dover ferry route or the Eurotunnel. As it stands, if we leave the EU without a transition period – which would hold tariffs and regulatory inspections at zero – the UK will apply import duties to food imported from the EU, importers will have to complete customs declarations, and there will be new regulatory barriers when the UK and EU are in separate regulatory systems. According to the IEA’s latest Fear-Checker, Legal and technical measures are available and being put into place in the UK and member states to keep trade flowing. However, even with implementation by the UK and neighbouring member state authorities of the available facilitations, there is a serious risk that companies and the intermediaries that support international trade, like hauliers and customs brokers, will not be ready and will present with incorrect documentation, causing queues and delays. Many of the companies who have made the most recent claims already import from around the world and should have been well placed, after more than two years notice, to make necessary adjustments. Smaller businesses and intermediaries will need more support, and all affected traders need certainty from government as to what the legal parameters will be. Intensive presence of Border Force, HMRC and customs brokers at or near Channel ports should keep traffic moving, prioritising flow over compliance in the immediate term to ensure that shelves are stocked.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Pricing and Parallel Imports: Evidence from Germany","authors":"Laura Birg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3311189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3311189","url":null,"abstract":"I study the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports, in particular the market share of parallel imports and the number of parallel traders. First, I analyze the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports in a vertical differentiation model with a locally sourced version and a parallel import offered by n identical parallel traders. Second, I explore the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports using a dataset with prescription drugs with competition from parallel imports. Both model and estimation results suggest that the introduction of reference pricing inreases the market share of the parallel import and the number of parallel traders, while a decrease in the reference price decreases the market share of the parallel import and the number of parallel traders.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129047471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Missing Puzzle Piece: Could Good Governance Explain Export Performance of the Arab World","authors":"M. Sabry, Juliane Brach","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3501593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3501593","url":null,"abstract":"A lot has been said about the disappointing exporting performance of the Arab countries, especially for non-oil exports. However, the role of good governance institutions on such performance was hardly explored. This paper is investigating whether and how varying levels of governance institutions within the Arab world and for the Arab world in comparison to other countries of the world affect the region’s exporting performance. The focus of the analysis is the case study of Arab exports to the German economy, the leading EU economy and one of the leading world economies. Despite of the Euro- Mediterranean partnership in which Germany and much of the Arab world are members, Arab exports to Germany lag behind most of the other regions of the world including the EU, former Soviet Union countries, East Asia, North America, Balkan, Central and South Asia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa.<br><br>The perspective adopted in this research is one that regards good governance institutions as boosting the competitiveness of private sector enterprises and consequently support their exporting potential. In this regard, institutions such as voice and accountability, rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption and government effectiveness are all examined. Higher levels of voice and accountability allow the private sector to organize as an interest group and influence policies that affects their performance and productivity. Rule of law increases businesspeople’s confidence and increase their investment especially in risky and innovational sectors of potential. Higher regulatory quality helps the private sector to be more productive and efficient, and government effectiveness guarantees the presence of a more professional bureaucratic apparatus able to more efficiently conduct policies and interact with businesspeople. And higher control of corruption minimizes inefficient allocation of government resources to politically connected, albeit inefficient, firms, and helps in eradicating conditions which hinder more competitive and innovative firms. <br><br>A number of OLS multivariate regressions are conducted having exports to Germany, obtained from the Comtrade dataset, as the dependent variable. As control variables the suggestions of the gravity model variables are accounted for. The independent variables of interest are the above mentioned governance variables obtained from the worldwide governance indicators dataset, an Arab Dummy variable, and the interaction term between the Arab Dummy and the governance variables. Moreover, in a number of regressions industry (or manufacturing) value added as percentage of GDP is placed among the independent variables together with its interactions with the Arab dummy and governance indicators. Empirical findings emphasize the crucial role played by voice and accountability in boosting Arab exports to Germany, and to a lesser extent the positive role of control of corruption.<br><br>With the help of the emp","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127046951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was the Clinton Administration Neoliberal?","authors":"N. Elhefnawy","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3295115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3295115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a comprehensive consideration of the economic policies of the administration of President William Jefferson Clinton (1993-2001) with regard to answering the question \"Was it neoliberal?\"","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122059187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}