International Journal of Forensic Odontology最新文献

{"title":"Maltreatment of adolescent: An online survey to assess epidemiology and awareness of rural higher secondary school children at Kanpur Rural Region, Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Kriti Garg, Rohan Sachdev, Akash Srivastava, Aaryan Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_19_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_19_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Adolescent maltreatment is a state of mental, physical, economic, and sexual abuse experienced by a person under the age of 18 and is a crime that prevails globally. Aims: The aim of this online study was to evaluate the level of awareness and epidemiology of young generation of rural region toward adolescent maltreatment at Kanpur rural region, which can be used as a guideline for planning future interventions. Settings and Design: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional online study. Subjects and Methods: The study was done on 545 rural secondary school adolescent in 1 month period, using a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software and appropriate statistical tests and logistic regression analysis. Chi-square was applied, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 545 adolescent (60%) were boys. The most common domains of adolescent maltreatment among female adolescent were neglect (29.5%), psychological (39%), physical (17.9%), and sexual (16.1%), and among male adolescent, these were neglect (36.8%), psychological (26.9%), physical (24.2%), and sexual (6.2%). Demographic variables included substance abuse of parents, father's education, parents living status, and having other jobs, which were significantly related variables to adolescent maltreatment and neglect (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Adolescent maltreatment and neglect challenges in India need to be considered carefully and widely, particularly among the underprivileged, disadvantaged, and socioeconomically backward populations of rural communities where adolescent protection systems are not fully established.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123886740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of forensic medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"MR Visalachi","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_25_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_25_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124486669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualization of the dental arch as a potential tool in forensic human identification","authors":"S. Dahal, S. Gupta, G. Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_22_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_22_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The dental arch form is underappreciated in establishing human identity. Most of the time, the teeth are considered, although the arch form can disclose a great deal about a person's profile. Aim: The aim is to determine the morphological variability in the arch form of an individual's maxilla and mandible. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in 219 dental casts made for various dental treatment purposes at the Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. The study was conducted over 6 months from January 1, 2021, to July 31, 2021. The arch form was categorized into oval, square, and tapering. Results: The average age of the individuals was 20.71 ± 4.66 for males and 19.25 ± 5.18 for females. The oval arch form was more common in both the jaws, with 38.81% and 63.93% in the maxilla and mandible, respectively, followed by square and tapered forms. Conclusion: The morphological variability of an individual's arch form is astounding. This can be used to limit down the search in human identification. Although it may not be able to establish identification, it can be a useful tool for narrowing down the options throughout the scientific identification process.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"11 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131451239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing bite marks using 3D scanners","authors":"M. Dhanya","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117185598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular morphometrics: An age and gender determinant in a Sri Lankan Sample – A digital panoramic tomography study","authors":"Pilana Shihanika Hettiarachchi, R. Jayasinghe, C. Nanayakkara, R. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_23_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_23_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The present study was carried out on dental panoramic images in a group of Sri Lankans to ascertain the mandibular morphometrics, especially in relation to the ramus of the mandible. Methods: A total of 196 dental panoramic images (106 males and 86 females) between the ages of 5 and 87 years were retrieved from the archives in the Division of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Results: Average values for condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height, upper ramus width, and lower ramus width were higher in males, while average values of gonial angle (GA) and area were higher in females. A significant difference between the right and left sides for upper ramus height, lower ramus height, GA, and the area was not observed (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between genders for average values for condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height, upper and lower ramus widths, GA, and area (P > 0.05). However, the significant difference for average condylar ramus height and coronoid ramus height between 17 years or below and above 17 years could be considered a strong predictor for age in the Sri Lankan population. Conclusions: Mandibular ramus measurements using dental panoramic tomography cannot be considered a valuable tool in sex determination in the Sri Lankan population. Condylar and coronoid ramus heights could be considered predictors for assessment of age. Further studies on wider population to assess the significance of these parameters are recommended.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126446344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of sexual dimorphism based on frontal sinus assessment","authors":"Sheetal Sharma, J. Shah","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_15_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_15_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Person recognition via radiographs has always been a fertile ground for deciphering skeletal developmental patterns and yielding promising results. This study was performed to evaluate the uniqueness and reliability of the frontal sinus by comparing various parameters on the digital posteroanterior skull radiographs for sex identification. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised digital posteroanterior radiographs and frontal sinus was analyzed for morphometric parameters by Adobe® Photoshop® CS3 extended in 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) aged between 18 and 40 years. The comparison of values was done and accuracy of sex determination was assessed. Results: Statistically significant difference was found. The mean values for length, width, and area of the left frontal sinus were found to be higher in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The frontal sinus provides average accuracy in sex determination as it is unique to every individual and ultimately this can aid in human identification. Posterioanterior skull radiographs have proven to be a potential valid tool for individual identification.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121819625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic odontology-renowned cases solved","authors":"T. Uma Maheswari, Manjari Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_12_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_12_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115581337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of DNA from human teeth exposed to different decalcifying solutions for forensic identification: A study","authors":"Shoborose Tantray, Nazima Nasrullah","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teeth are selected as source of DNA material mainly due to the high durability found in its structures (enamel, cementum, and dentin), which often succeeds in preserving the integrity of genetic material. Attempts of perpetrators of crime in the destruction of evidence including dead bodies are on the rise. Hence, the use of advanced techniques such as DNA analysis in such a scenario has been the choice. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extraction and amplification of DNA from human teeth exposed to different chemicals Nitric Acid at 25%, Formaldehyde at 25 %, and Acetic Acid at 25 %. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the intactness of DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was performed with a sample of 15 subjects who underwent tooth extraction from which 5 samples of oral mucosal cells were taken as controls (reference population). The experimental population was divided into three equal parts, which were exposed to different chemical solutions, namely Nitric Acid 25 %, Formaldehyde at 25 %, and Acetic Acid at 25 % compared with the control group (oral mucosal cells [5 samples]). The silica method was used for the extraction of DNA from teeth and the organic method was used for the extraction of DNA from oral mucosa cells. Results: Estimation of DNA quantity and size distribution was done on an Agrose Gel Electrophorosis. From our study we could observe that the teeth that were immersed in 25% Formaldehyde & 25% Acetic Acid were having intact DNA, which we were able to isolate & amplify. There was degradation of DNA tooth which were immersed in 25% Nitric Acid, thus the identification & amplification was not possible. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that DNA extraction may be limited under exposure to chemical solutions or bodies that undergo intentional postmortem alterations, such as carbonization and dissolution, hamper the degradation of DNA due to high temperature and acid pH. Therefore, testing the collection of DNA from the human teeth in such conditions could contribute significantly to the field of forensic genetics.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114509191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental and medical college professionals compatibility to face medico-legal practice: An awareness cross-sectional study at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Kriti Garg, Rohan Sachdev","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Medicine is a noble profession, but the practice of medicine has been influenced by the transition in the relationship between doctor and patient and the advertising of the modern healthcare professional. The basic principles of medicine insist that doctors should be aware of the numerous medico-legal concerns that aid in documenting patient management information properly. Aims: The aim is to evaluate the knowledge and awareness on medico-legal Issues among Medical and Dental College Health Professionals of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health professionals. Subjects and Methods: A total of 316 health professionals (161 medical and 155 dental) participated in the study. A structured, closed-ended, self-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was used to compare the awareness of medico-legal issues between medical and dental health professionals Results: Among the 316 health professionals, 90.9% of medical and 99.3% of dental professionals were aware about the informed consent, 18.6% of medical and 10.3% of dental professionals had awareness about the Consumer Protection Act and only 18.6% of medical and 9.6% of dental professionals had attended any CDE/CME program regarding Medico-legal issues. Conclusions: The results revealed that there was little knowledge of medico-legal concerns among the participants. There is therefore an immediate need to update the understanding of these issues to be legally more secure.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"45 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120816783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age estimation using mandibular ramus and gonial angle using digital orthopantamogram","authors":"Mounika Kathoju, V. Guttikonda","doi":"10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfo.ijfo_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Forensic age estimation of unidentified skeletons and corpses for the purpose of identification has been a conventional feature of forensic science. Age determination is of paramount importance in medicolegal issues. Mandible is a dimorphic bone of the skull which aids in determining the age of an individual. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of various mandibular ramus linear measurements (condylar ramus height and coronoid ramus height) and gonial angle measurements on digital panoramic images on the right side of the mandible for age determination. Materials and Methods: Three hundred panoramic images were selected randomly and mandibular ramus linear measurements (condylar ramus height and coronoid ramus height) and gonial angle measurements were performed on the right side, tabulated, and evaluated statistically. Results: Descriptive statistics for all the three parameters on the right side of the mandible were analyzed. No statistical significance was observed between the chronological age and estimated age using the above three parameters on the right side. However, the coronoid ramus height showed a statistically significant result between the chronological age and the estimated age (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the present study among the three mandibular parameters, coronoid ramus height proved to be a valuable indicator for age estimation.","PeriodicalId":426743,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Odontology","volume":"42 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120895029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}