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The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies最新文献

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Urbanization 城市化
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.14
P. Taylor
{"title":"Urbanization","authors":"P. Taylor","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter locates and integrates contemporary rampant urbanization with two other macro features of our times, intensive corporate globalization and anthropogenic climate change. Corporate globalization is derived as the latest of three global economic integrations. Each globalization has been characterized by urbanizations previously unparalleled in scale but that have been underestimated in importance. In the contemporary case, the world city network is described as the edifice of corporate globalization. This is described in terms of both the top 20 leading cities and shifts since 2000. A mixture of stability and change is found with the most important cities, notably London and New York, remaining dominant while a West–East shift has occurred, especially featuring Chinese cities. A broader vista is presented as planetary urbanization in which beyond the world city network all planetary spaces are shown to be changed by contemporary urbanization. This is extended historically to provide a long-term approach to anthropogenic climate change indicting urban demand. The conclusion is that urbanization, globalization, and climate should be understood in unison.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125202391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impoverishment in the Anthropocene 人类世的贫困
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.31
U. Baxi
{"title":"Impoverishment in the Anthropocene","authors":"U. Baxi","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the idea of impoverishment and the concept of poverty as a global condition. It makes a distinction between “poverty” and “impoverishment”—the latter being the conditions and policies that keep people mired in poverty. It also makes a distinction between absolute poverty—conditions that threaten survival—and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is often regarded as a human right, and this chapter details efforts by international entities such as agencies of the United Nations to include the abolition of global poverty within the idea of universal human rights. The chapter also discusses the nature of impoverishment in the Anthropocene era, in which global warming will threaten everyone within vast regions of the Earth. The notions of global responsibility and universal human rights will have to be expanded to include these problematic new circumstances.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125392930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glocalization 全球在地化
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.4
H. Khondker
{"title":"Glocalization","authors":"H. Khondker","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a conceptual overview of glocalization, tracing its origin, and the intellectual milieu in which this concept evolved. It also examines how glocalization helps researchers understand the interpenetration of “global” with “local” in various institutions and everyday life. In explaining the relationship between the processes of globalization with glocalization, this chapter highlights the potential usefulness of this concept in global studies. It also introduces a distinction between a thin theory and a thick theory of globalization, arguing that glocalization is conceptually closer to the latter. The chapter posits that in order to understand the dynamics of the current phase of globalization, a top-down view of globalization may not be adequate, and that one also has to recognize the growing transglocal linkages portending the emergence of transglocalization, a new phase of globalization that may even contest the hegemony of the top-down, neoliberal globalization.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131958796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Art and the Cultural Transmission of Globalization 艺术与全球化的文化传播
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.19
L. Williams
{"title":"Art and the Cultural Transmission of Globalization","authors":"L. Williams","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses how from early modernity to the present day, art has been a significant agent in the cultural transmission of globalization. It is a cultural legacy, however, that continues to be divided by a deep sense of ambivalence toward the question of how social imaginaries are delimited by the ubiquitous processes of global capital. The field of contemporary art is often entirely complicit with a culture of manufactured exclusivity and large profits, yet it also has its critical edge that has shown how the glossy allure of transnational capital obscures visions of other possible, less inequitable worlds. Other possible worlds have also appeared in art in a recent turn to the great, circulatory systems of the oceans as both the historical conduits of globalization and the channels through which we might envisage what kind of global imaginary will prevail in response to environmental crisis.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115755858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Female Body in Global Media 全球媒体中的女性身体
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.16
Tuija Parikka
{"title":"The Female Body in Global Media","authors":"Tuija Parikka","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the relationship between the body, globalization, and the media. It discusses how the female body is subjected to being “played” in the global media and what that reveals of gender and minority–majority relationships and of global aims and fears. The cases presented in this chapter serve as samples of “sexy violence” imagery that cannot be thoroughly explained by theories of objectification, liberation, or commodification of women but, rather, are considered in reference to the socially constitutive role of globalization. Although the female body may function to discursively dissolve, enforce, or alleviate conflicts embedded in the processes and discourses of globalization, the preoccupation with “sexy violence” imagery in the global media does not necessarily offer a solution to global concerns but, rather, plays out the fears, aims, and anxieties about globalization through violence and aggression.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114298652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Global History 全球历史
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.25
Dominic Sachsenmaier
{"title":"Global History","authors":"Dominic Sachsenmaier","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter elaborates on the growing presence of global historical scholarship since the 1990s. It discusses the contours of this academic field—for example, by comparing it to similar forms of historiographical inquiry and by presenting its role in various subfields ranging from intellectual history to the history of commodities. Global historical scholarship, the chapter argues, is not necessarily global in scope; rather, the field operates on a variety of scales, searching for alternatives to nation-centered and Eurocentric perspectives. The chapter also presents some challenges that global historians need to face in the future, in addition to some opportunities that may arise. Among other themes, it reflects on the current global institutional landscapes of global historical research and asks whether these are suitable to carry the field into the future.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115374284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental Critique 环境危急
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.32
P. Bond
{"title":"Environmental Critique","authors":"P. Bond","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"The essential dispute in global management of the Earth system is not whether planetary boundaries are being broached but whether it is appropriate to address these with managerialist strategies combining technical fixes and market mechanisms controlled by banks and corporations—as opposed to firm state regulatory mandates backed by tough civil society activism. Most of the attempts to “internalize market externalities” follow a trajectory of ecological modernization in analysis and policy, which abstracts from the dynamics of capital accumulation and the operation of power relations within multilateral governance. A theoretical framing (as developed by Marx, Luxemburg, and Harvey) assists in locating the wellsprings of ecological destruction, given the limits to strategies based on spatial, temporal, and capitalist/non-capitalist displacement of the underlying crisis tendencies. Many alternative discourses have emerged as a result of these obvious limitations in mainstream analysis and global governance strategies, to which global studies will increasingly contribute.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115740619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Transnational Capitalist Class 跨国资产阶级
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.35
W. Robinson, Jeb Sprague-Silgado
{"title":"The Transnational Capitalist Class","authors":"W. Robinson, Jeb Sprague-Silgado","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190630577.013.35","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1960s, social scientists have been studying the development of the capitalist class beyond national borders. In the 1990s, a group of researchers studying globalization began to document and theorize the rise of a transnational capitalist class associated with the spread of transnational corporations and the rise of a globally integrated production and financial system. This chapter summarizes the foundational works of sociologists Leslie Sklair and William I. Robinson in developing the concept of a transnational capitalist class and explores recent research and ongoing debates on the topic. It discusses the formation of the Network for Critical Studies of Global Capitalism as an international forum for shared research and debate.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126703405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Humanitarian Organizations 人道主义组织
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.26
K. Marshall
{"title":"Humanitarian Organizations","authors":"K. Marshall","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"Humanitarian organizations are challenged today by shifting geopolitical and economic realities and changes spurred by forces of globalization. Emergency relief to respond to natural disasters and aid to civilians affected by conflict have dominated the work of a wide range of humanitarian organizations since World War II. Both systems and principles come under increasing scrutiny as needs increase and situations are complicated not only by protracted crises and financial constraints but also by mounting risks linked to changing climate and weak state governance. The 2016 World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul, Turkey, focused global attention on both current and emerging challenges for humanitarian principles and organization. This chapter situates humanitarian organizations briefly in their historical context, outlines the institutional framework, and highlights contemporary debates that turn around questions about whether the system is broken or simply broke.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126747352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Climate Change 气候变化
The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.23
C. Hamilton
{"title":"Climate Change","authors":"C. Hamilton","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.23","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse gases emitted anywhere affect people everywhere, and they will do so for a very long time. Progress on an international response to climate change has been bedeviled by ethical, political, and economic fractures, highlighting the severe limitations of the Westphalian state system. Non-state actors have played a crucial role in negotiations; some are “internationalist,” whereas others are “globalist.” Climate change is inseparable from capitalism’s insatiable appetite for growth. The rise of China destabilizes previous understandings of the world, including those of global studies and world-systems analysis. There are signs of a new cosmopolitanism, although securitization of the climate threat works against it. The globality of the natural world calls for a rethinking of global studies.","PeriodicalId":426590,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121466918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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