Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Disability Grant Termination on the Livelihoods of Rural Women Aged Between 25-30 Living with HIV. A Case of Wellness Clinic at Vhembe District in Limpopo","authors":"Chrisen E Mhangwani, Kholiswa Malindini","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: The termination of the disability grants has been identified as one of the determinants to non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ARVs) by rural women living with HIV aged between 25-30 attending a Wellness Clinic in Vhembe District. The study has established that once the disability grant is terminated upon improved health outcomes as a result from adhering adequately to ARVs, the livelihoods of rural women living with HIV are adversely interrupted. Research Purpose: The paper sought to explore and examine the effects of disability grant termination on the livelihoods of rural women living with HIV aged between 25-30 attending a Wellness Clinic in Vhembe District Research Approach: The paper adopted a qualitative approach and individual in-depth semi-structured interviews as a data collection technique. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to draw a sample of 20 rural women living with HIV attending a Wellness Clinic in Vhembe District who were enrolled on ARVs and whose disability grants were termination upon improved health outcomes. The purpose was to elicit the participants’ views on their experiences on how the termination of the disability grant interferes with their livelihoods towards adhering effectively to ARVs. Main Findings: The findings revealed that the termination of the disability grant for rural women living with HIV has adverse implications on their adherence to ARVs as these women depend solely on this grant. Policy Implications: Economic incentives for rural women living with HIV with little or no education has proven to contribute to optimal adherence to ARVs. However, the manner in which these economic incentives are provided for is a cause for concern in areas where poverty trends are prevalent. Therefore, policy makers should consider the poverty trends that are immanent in the rural settings of South Africa and its contribution to HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myxedema Coma: A Rare Case Report of Severe Hypothyroidism in Uganda","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: in this report, we describe a case of myxedema coma in a 46-year-old Ugandan lady who had never before had hypothyroidism. Investigations and Medical Care: The patient's first presentation included bradycardia, hypothermia, and a noticeably low Glasgow Coma Scale score. Laboratory examinations revealed severe primary hypothyroidism. Intravenous levothyroxine, hydrocortisone, and supportive care were the first steps in the treatment. Results: After receiving therapy for one week, the patient achieved a full recovery. Thyroid function tests showed improvement back to normal range. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering myxedema coma in the differential diagnosis of altered mental status, even in resource-limited settings. Increased awareness, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can be life-saving in these cases.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Female Student Dropout Rates in Hargeisa, Somaliland High Schools","authors":"Hassan Abdillahi Duale, Mumtas Yousof Aden, Jama Osman Mohamed, Abdihakin Ahmed Ismail","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Every society's economic development has been based on education. Female student abandonment, on the other hand, constitute a considerable drain and loss on a country's education budget, especially as high school possibilities are predicted to grow. This study investigated various variables that influence the dropout rate of girls from high school in Hargeisa, Somaliland. The study was directed by the following precise goals such as to examine the effects of domestic labor, to assess the influence of parents’ attitudes and to determine the influence community’s perception on girl child education in Hargeisa. The study was carried out using a descriptive research approach. The demographic being targeted included Principles, female students, educators, and parents. Purposive sampling was used to choose respondents from the designated high schools. The sample size was 68 respondents. Questionnaires were chosen as collecting data instruments. Descriptive methods of statistical analysis such as percent and frequencies were used to analyze quantitative data. The data was presented using tables and charts. According to The study results, domestic labor, parent’s attitudes, and community perceptions are resulting in a higher percentage of female high school dropouts. According to findings, 50% the respondents identified working as house helps as a reason for girls dropping out of school. Additionally, 79% of the respondents believed that parents have a responsibility in their daughter's education and dropout, while 63% of the respondents stated that their communities do not prioritize or encourage girls' education. The study suggested that it is essential for girls to have access to basic education as it is their fundamental right as stated in the Somaliland constitution. Additionally, the study recommended conducting further research in secondary schools to identify other challenges that girls face and find effective strategies to help them stay in school and continue their education.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132513698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety Practices Among Frontline Medical Laboratory Staff in the Covid-19 Testing Centres in the Bono Region of Ghana","authors":"Mr. Emmanuel I. A. Garchie, Dr. Benjamin Tetteh Mensah, Mr. Elvis Oppong Ntiamoah","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3077443/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3077443/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical laboratory personnel are exposed to various occupational risks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their role in testing COVID-19 patients puts them at risk of contracting the virus while handling specimens. This study aimed to assess the occupational health and safety practices of frontline medical laboratory staff in COVID-19 testing laboratories in Ghana's Bono region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling among medical laboratory staff at five COVID-19 testing centers in the Bono region. Checklists, interview schedules and structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The study included 137 participants, with 85 (62.0%) aged between 21 and 30 years. Males constituted 96(70.1%) whiles females constituted 41(29.9%) of the study participants. Among the respondents, 55% reported having been infected with COVID-19 before vaccination, 30% after vaccination, and 15% both before and after immunization. The majority of participants (93%) emphasized the importance of adhering to occupational health and safety procedures. Furthermore, 97% believed that standard operating procedures should be regularly reviewed, and 91% agreed that rewards should be provided for following safety protocols. Conclusion: The study revealed a positive attitude toward adherence to occupational health and safety protocols among frontline medical laboratory staff in COVID-19 testing centers in the Bono region of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130449837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of the German SARS-CoV-2 Test Strategy - A Multifactorial View","authors":"L. Homagk","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"With SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 a coronavirus started circulating, for which the population showed no specific defense mechanisms of the immune system due to its clear distinction from the previously circulating coronavirus strains. Nevertheless, in 2021 there was a significant decrease in respiratory infections with a simultaneous significant increase in pandemic-related SARS-CoV-2 infections found. There is also a reduction in reported cases of respiratory diseases, especially in the pandemic year 2021. The aim of this study is to show optimizations in the test strategy during a pandemic and thus derive the improvement of civil protection. For Evaluation the data of GrippeWeb, the RKI’s Survstat® tool and the RKI’s reporting data on the new coronavirus were used. In addition, an evaluation of billing data from the EBM from 2017 to 2022 for the GOP 32816 as well as an evaluation of data on sick leave and illness statistics from 2019 to 2021 and the consideration of inpatient and outpatient health costs based on the data requested in writing from the Federal Ministry of Health was performed. The data from the Influenza Working Group shows an average of 300,000 annual reports for ARI per year. In 2019 it increased to 1,985,985 reports, in 2020 (5,453,017) and in 2021 to 29,681,158. There is also a correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 test frequency and the positive results, as well as an increase in the previously 6% positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 to over 50% in 2022. At the same time decreases the medical burden due to acute respiratory diseases (ARI) contrary to the increase of the acute respiratory diseases reported to the RKI with 2684%. What has been neglected so far is that corona viruses (HCoV) have been responsible for around 5-10% of acute respiratory infections for decades. The comprehensive Covid-19 control measures, including the obligation to wear masks, apparently had no significant impact on reducing the spread of Covid-19, since there was also no decrease in infections with the adenovirus or RS virus in 2020 and 2021. Furthermore, an infection positive rate should not be used as a criterion for infection avoidance strategies and the recording of test results should always be validated and controlled. Only the testing of symptomatic persons should be remunerated and only these validated test results should be considered in the registration. In addition, the DIVI register for the inpatient area with recording of the main admission diagnosis and the data from the electronic transmission of sick notes to the health insurance companies for the outpatient area could be used in real time to decide on containment measures in the context of the pandemic","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125545150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The German Influenza Gap 2021 - A Multifactorial View","authors":"L. Homagk","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The end of the 2019/2020 influenza season was already registered in early summer 2020, and in the following season. There was an nearly complete absence of influenza. So far, the sometimes strict Covid-19 containment measures with contact restrictions and the obligation to wear a mask have been mentioned as reasons. The further processing of this influenza gap showed multifactorial reasons also the lack of registration of influenza cases This study looks for further reaseons and from several perspectives in order to develop strategies for a representative recording of influenza cases derive. For Evaluation the data of GrippeWeb, the RKI’s Survstat® tool and the RKI’s reporting data on the new coronavirus were used. In addition, an evaluation of billing data from the EBM from 2017 to 2022 for the GOP 32816 as well as an evaluation of data on sick leave and illness statistics from 2019 to 2021 and the consideration of inpatient and outpatient health costs based on the data requested in writing from the Federal Ministry of Health was performed. In contrast to influenza A/B, the other viral respiratory pathogens (adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and RS virus) do not show any significant reduction. From 2020, the number of reports of respiratory infections to the RKI increased from an average of 300,000 annual reports by 2019 to 1,985,985 reports in 2020, over 5,453,017 reports in 2021 and to 29,681,158 in 2022. On the other hand cases of incapacity to work due to respiratory infections fell from 31.0% in 2019 to 15.3% in 2021. Influenza-specific diagnoses (ICD: J10.1-3) were encrypted 33,727 times in 2021, in 2020 there were still 109,846. In the outpatient sector in particular, the treatment costs are falling from 2019 to 2021. The reduction in influenza A and B from 2020 as a result of the comprehensive Covid-19 control measures, including the obligation to wear masks, cannot be considered a major reason; rather, the aspect of underreporting of influenza cases plays a significant role. Therefore, the reporting quantity of the sentinal practices should be considered and the recording of incapacity diagnoses should be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129158052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium Effects of Traits for Microscopy","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Research was to study mycobacterium a species of pathogenic bacteria. The research question was impervious to Gram staining resultant of either negative or positive effects. The method involve studies of mycobacterium an etiologic parasite. These were 2 to 4 micrometers in length and 0.2 to 0.5µm in width. The results showed the bacteria settlement in the cytoplasm of the plants and growth. This suggested it can be transferred to other eukaryotes. Plants were immunoprevention treatment 15mL each day for a month. Eukaryotic with possibility of mycobacterium should be considered for treatment at least 15mm of induration or had a Gram-positive result. It concluded the treatment had streptomycin production a synthesis inhibitor. It combined to small 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit prevention of binds of formyl-methinonyl-tRNA to the sequence.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130687980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Post-Operative Clinical Parameters in Posterior Scoliosis Surgery Through An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Postoperative clinical indices should be estimated accurately in scoliosis correction surgeries, which have been analyzed in various studies such as experimental (in vitro or in vivo) trials through different modeling methods (finite element or multibody analysis). These costly and time-consuming methods can only be conducted on a large number of scoliotic patients. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) is used in this study to estimate the postoperative cobb and thoracic kyphosis angles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior scoliosis correction surgeries. Methods: Four groups of 55 patients with distinct preoperative clinical indices (thoracic cobb and pelvic incidence) were considered the ANFIS inputs, whereas postoperative thoracic cobb and kyphosis angles were used as the outputs. For robustness evaluation, the predicted values of postoperative angles were compared with measurements by calculating the root mean square errors and clinical correction deviation indices (the relative deviation of postoperative predicted angles from the real angles). Results: The least root mean square errors (3.0º and 6.3° for the main thoracic cobb and thoracic kyphosis estimations, respectively) were recorded in the group with the main thoracic cobb, pelvic incidence, thoracic kyphosis, and T1 spinopelvic inclination used as inputs. The clinical correction deviation indices were calculated 0.0086 and 0.0641 for cobb angles in two cases and 0.0534 and 0.2879 for thoracic kyphosis in two other cases. Conclusion: Greater differences between preoperative and postoperative cobb angles compared with those of thoracic kyphosis decreased the root-mean-square errors and clinical deviation indices but improved accuracy","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114066467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Silico Study of Virus-Host Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) can Anticipate and Cure Viruses by Reducing Time-Duration of Vaccine Trials: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, a pandemic, has slowed global growth. This virus' fury and fast spread necessitated worldwide drug repurposing experiments. SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein triggers host innate immunological and inflammatory responses. In-silico research characterised 6VSB B as more virulent than 6VSB A and important in pathophysiology. The worldwide assessment of SARS-CoV-2 virus sequences includes analysis from hundreds of high-coverage, high-quality genomes. Protein structure prediction predicts protein three-dimensional structures using amino acid sequences. SARS-CoV-2 was examined for isoelectric point, stability, GRAVY, amino acid, and atomic composition. Protein extinction coefficients quantify light absorption at a wavelength. Sequence data can compute protein molar extinction coefficients. The present review supports in-silico investigations using an immunological and molecular biology knowledge database to create novel vaccines and determine therapeutic targets when repurposing an existing drug.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134148572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Texture Feature Extraction Techniques on Medical Imagery Tasks","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/crvv.02.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/crvv.02.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Interpreting medical images is certainly a complex task which requires extensive knowledge [1]. According to Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) serves as a second opinion that will help radiologists in diagnosis and on the other hand Content-based Image Retrieval uses visual content to help users browse, search and retrieve similar medical images from a database based on the user’s interest [2-4]. The competency of the CBMIR system depends on feature extraction methods [5]. The textural features are very important to determine the content of a medical image. Textural features provide scenic depth, the spatial distribution of tonal variation, and surface orientation [6]. Therefore, this study seeks to compare and evaluate some of the hand-crafted texture feature extraction techniques in CBMIR. This is to help those concerned in enhancing CBIR systems to make informed decisions concerning the selection of the best textural feature extraction techniques. Since there is no clear indication of which of the various texture feature extraction techniques is best suited for a given performance metric when considering which of the techniques to choose for a particular study in CBMIR systems. The objective of this work, therefore, is to comparatively evaluate the performance of the following texture feature extraction techniques; Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Gabor Filter, Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Haralick Descriptor, Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Features from Accelerated Segment Test and Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (FAST &BRIEF) using the metrics; precision, recall, f1-score, mean squared error (MSE), accuracy and time. These techniques are coupled with specific similarity measure to obtain results. The results showed that LBP, Haralick Descriptor, FAST, and GLCM had the best results in terms of (Precision and Accuracy), Time, F1-Score, and Recall respectively. LBP had 82.05% and 88.23% scores for precision and accuracy respectively. The following scores represent the performance of the Haralick descriptor, FAST, and GLCM models respectively; 0.88s, 38.7%, and 44.82%. These test scores are obtained from datasets ranging from 1k-10.5k. Aside from LBP outperforming the other 5 models mentioned, it still outperformed the following proposed models ' [7]’, ‘Tamura texture feature and wavelet transform combined with Hausdorff distance - [8]’, ‘ [9]’ in terms of (precision, accuracy, and recall) and (precision and recall) respectively and probably f1-score (since f1-score is the weighted average of precision and recall). It is believed that an ensemble of LBP, Haralick descriptors, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) can represent a robust system for both medical image retrieval and classification.","PeriodicalId":426480,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Vaccines Vaccination","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114641967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}