{"title":"Abraham Ortelius's Pulmonary Cordiform Map","authors":"Stephanie Shiflett","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0026","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Maps have often served as tools of political propaganda, particularly in the reign of Francis I (1515–1547). Cartography, as a highly flexible mode of representation, could encode any number of spiritual or political messages. Abraham Ortelius exploited this possibility by giving his world map of 1564 the distinct shape of a lung, which evoked both a 1541 map by Gemma Frisius and, indirectly, the philosophy of the heretical anatomist and cartographer Michael Servetus. This article describes the context in which Ortelius lived and worked: in Antwerp during the turbulent reign of Philip II of Spain, where he witnessed the Catholic king's repressive policies in the Low Countries. This article draws on the scholarship that connects the cartographer to the Family of Love in order to argue that Ortelius's spiritual beliefs were expressed through his world maps. Rather than attempting a definitive investigation of Ortelius's theology, this essay shows how Ortelius's work as a cartographer participated in the religious and political discourses of post-Reformation Europe.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"143 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowing Mary Wroth's Pamphilia","authors":"Whitney Sperrazza","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0027","url":null,"abstract":"abstract :This essay uses Mary Wroth's poetic representation of the female body to explore the material intersections of early modern literature and science. Reading Wroth's poetry (Folger manuscript V.a.104) alongside representational practices employed by Renaissance anatomists, this essay argues that Wroth uses the materiality of her poetic pages to critique and respond to violent treatment of the female body in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English lyric conventions. Wroth's poetry is centrally concerned with how to represent, and thereby know, the female body on the poetic page. Consequently, readings of Wroth's manuscript need to account for how poetry and page work together to facilitate the reader's knowledge of Pamphilia. By drawing on early anatomical methods for translating fleshly body to flat page, this essay shows how Wroth's innovative use of the poetic page results in a new kind of encounter among writing, reading, and textual bodies. More broadly, this essay raises questions about how the material practices of Renaissance anatomical culture transformed relations between body and page.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"1 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48308381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Johannine Renaissance in Early Modern Literature and Theology by Paul Cefalu (review)","authors":"James A. Knapp","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"199 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"That no man sit idle\": Labor and the Problem of Play in More's Utopia","authors":"Robert Tinkle","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0028","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay notes a discrepancy between the literary form of Thomas More's Utopia (1516), characterized by sophisticated, ironic play, and the quite restrictive rubrics of mandatory labor that govern life in the book's utopian polity. The discrepancy suggests two things: one, that in the nascent decades of the historic transition to a capitalistic economy in England, it has become possible to conceive of play as a form of productivity; and two, that More has a class investment in demonstrating his own value to the post-feudal economy by defending his authorial play as productive or useful labor. In spite of its communistic rejection of private property and searing critique of enclosure, Utopia is invested in the ambiguities of what it means to play or labor so that it can better construct the idealized, hyperproductive bodies of colonialist expansion, consonant with the New World environment that is the site of the text's political fantasy. What this affirms is that the colonialist imaginary cannot be disentangled from capitalist accumulation, owing in large part to emerging affective discourses around the body as a site of ever-present contestation between industry and idleness.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"36 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blanching the Corporate Blush: Corporate Language in the Seventeenth-Century Public Sphere","authors":"Liam D. Haydon, W. Pettigrew","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0029","url":null,"abstract":"abstract :This article examines English publications relating to the international trading corporations active during the seventeenth century. It includes those directly authored by the corporations, alongside those supporting or attacking them. It considers the way in which these corporations engaged in the public sphere: How did companies speak? Why did they speak? What personas did they establish? And how did companies, and their opponents, conceive of the public sphere in which they were engaged? Combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative reading of the 177 corporate pamphlets written during the seventeenth century affords insight into the benefits and disadvantages of corporate public speech, and deepens our understanding of the development of the public sphere. Corporate writing enabled companies to construct a separate public personality. Such a personality—coupled with the anonymity inherent in their legal form—allowed corporations and their supporters to utilize the mechanisms of public opinion for private pleading.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"142 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Courage and Grief: Women and Sweden's Thirty Years' War by Mary Elizabeth Ailes (review)","authors":"Britt Mitchell","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"201 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Female Alliances: Gender, Identity, and Friendship in Early Modern Britain by Amanda E. Herbert (review)","authors":"K. Santos","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"153 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47375817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Business Tools and Outlooks: The Culture of Calculation in the Iberian Atlantic","authors":"Elvira Vilches","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Iberian merchants writing manuals on commercial arithmetic, bookkeeping, and trade systematized exchange into a viable taxonomy of paperwork, accounts, and accounting books. These manuals define economic rationality as an epistemic practice and the object of knowledge of early modern Iberian capitalism. Technical authors suggest that quantitative thinking belongs to a higher domain of abstraction, where numbers promote habits of reasoning, creditworthiness, and objective neutrality. These empirical, organizational, and ethical advantages crystallize in double-entry bookkeeping. Discussions focus on the cognitive process of calculation, the arithmetic logic of commodification, and the merits of practical knowledge. Traders, business agents, computors, and accountants are men of experience who understand reality in terms of figures, are aware of real problems, and offer viable solutions. These experts see capitalism as a mode of organizing and conveying knowledge. Their heuristic approach sheds light on the pragmatic ethics and ambiguous legal notions late-scholastic moral theologians pondered as they sought to theorize an international system of acquisition and exchange.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"16 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45758151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Iberian Empire and the History of Capitalism","authors":"Daniel Nemser","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47950093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possessive Individualism and the Spirit of Capitalism in the Iberian Slave Trade","authors":"Daniel Nemser","doi":"10.1353/jem.2019.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2019.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although Marx and Weber are traditionally read as offering opposing narratives of the transition to capitalism, Weber's notion of the Protestant ethic can clarify the subjective dimensions of the process Marx calls primitive accumulation, which set the capital-relation in motion. By rooting these cultural values in northern Europe, however, Weber cannot account for the foundational role of the Iberian empire in this process. Rather than the Protestant ethic, this essay takes up the concept of possessive individualism to consider the spirit of capitalism that emerged in the context of the initial, Iberian-led phase of the transatlantic slave trade. Iberian scholastics, especially Jesuits, used the concept of dominium, or property rights, to develop a theory of the individual as the owner of the self and of freedom as a possession that could be freely sold on the market. Voluntary enslavement and freedom of exchange were thus mobilized to justify a relatively autonomous sphere of economic activity in which the transatlantic slave trade could develop. In formulating these arguments, Jesuit authors drew on interviews with slave merchants that reflect a subjective orientation toward profit over morality. The Jesuits' ambivalent response both highlights and attempts to rationalize the contradictions of an emerging economic order based on the global circulation of commodities and racialized bodies.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"101 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jem.2019.0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41773680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}