Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies最新文献

The Silent Tangomão: Fictions of Intermediation Along the Rivers of Guinea 沉默的探戈：几内亚河沿岸的中介小说

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.a899632

L. Cook

{"title":"The Silent Tangomão: Fictions of Intermediation Along the Rivers of Guinea","authors":"L. Cook","doi":"10.1353/jem.2021.a899632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2021.a899632","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the first decades of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese Crown issued a succession of increasingly hostile regulations targeting a class of outlaw traders operating at the fringes of the Empire in West Africa: the tangomãos. A Creole adaptation of the Arabic tarjumān, or translator, the tangomãos were interpreters in the broadest sense, insofar as they served an intermediary role socially, commercially, and linguistically, and were a dominant presence in the critical commercial zone along coastal Upper Guinea. This essay first traces an itinerary of appearances of this enigmatic figure over several generations, offering an integrated profile of the tangomão as interpreter and commercial intermediary and situating them with regards to central themes of precolonial West African historiography such as hospitality, brokerage, and creolization. In so doing, this article will also give an account of the pivotal role they played in the assembly of the trading machine that made Upper Guinea the formative site of the Iberian-led first great wave of the Atlantic slave trade. The central argument is that the tangomãos was deployed ambivalently in Portuguese documentation as a figure of both suspicion and utility—and that this ambivalence was productive for emergent ideological formations of large-scale slave-trading.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"24 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48619167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Career in Tongues, or The Linguistic Self-Fashioning of the Chevalier d'Arvieux 《语言生涯》或《阿尔维埃骑士的语言自我塑造》

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.a899635

Paul Cohen

{"title":"A Career in Tongues, or The Linguistic Self-Fashioning of the Chevalier d'Arvieux","authors":"Paul Cohen","doi":"10.1353/jem.2021.a899635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2021.a899635","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article analyzes the place of language in the career of the seventeenth-century French merchant, courtier, and diplomat Laurent d'Arvieux. It highlights how linguistic skills functioned as cultural capital, that is, valuable resources that polyglots could mobilize as part of broader social strategies aimed at social and professional advancement in the early modern world. Born into a family of noble merchants from Marseille, d'Arvieux acquired a range of languages in the Near East, including Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Syriac, and Turkish—skills he subsequently put to use on various diplomatic missions in the Ottoman world on behalf of Louis XIV. Giving pride of place to his own polyglot talents and his repeated role as interpreter in a variety of contexts, d'Arvieux's Memoirs highlight how effective linguistic intermediaries could be at putting their expertise to use to win recognition, office, and advancement. Moreover, his text represents an exercise in self-interested self-fashioning, making it possible to gauge how social agents incorporated their linguistic talents and exploits into representations of their social identities and trajectories. D'Arvieux's life shows that the history of linguistic mediation is not only one of function—the brokering of cultural exchange—but also of intermediaries' own social calculations, aspirations, and self-representations.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"129 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47600054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Character as Meme 作为模因的角色

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0013

K. Williams

引用次数: 1

Shakespearean Intersections: Language, Contexts, Critical Key Words by Patricia Parker (review) 莎剧的交叉点:语言、语境、关键关键词帕特里夏·帕克(书评)

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0009

Megan Diveto

引用次数: 0

Elegiac Ethopoeia in Marlowe's Dido Queene of Carthage and Doctor Faustus 马洛《迦太基的狄多·奎尼与浮士德医生》中的Elegiac Ethopoeia

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0014

A. D. Olson

{"title":"Elegiac Ethopoeia in Marlowe's Dido Queene of Carthage and Doctor Faustus","authors":"A. D. Olson","doi":"10.1353/jem.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines the influence of Ovid's Heroides and ethopoeia on characterization in Christopher Marlowe's plays. In the sixteenth century, students often performed exercises in ethopoeia, \"character making.\" In such an exercise, the schoolmaster placed a character from literature or history within a rhetorical situation, and students wrote speeches that reflected that character's emotions and social background. Ovid's Heroides, which features figures like Dido lamenting Aeneas's perfidy or Hero Leander's absence, exemplified this practice, and authors like Christopher Marlowe frequently employed characterization techniques learned from the Heroides as a model for ethopoeia. This article traces the development of his tragic characters from Dido Queene of Carthage (c.1586) to Doctor Faustus (c.1592), arguing that Marlowe uses techniques including ethopoeia's tria tempora structure and Ovid's speakers torn between the \"voice of the self\" and \"the voice of the culture\" to fashion a unique brand of \"interiority\" that invites empathic identification with his tragic protagonists. These protagonists consciously struggle against the narrative structures in which they are trapped by ethopoetically lamenting their frustrated desires and even repressing memories, and Marlowe invites his audience to sympathize regardless of the character's ethical decisions.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"113 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47858100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Character Beyond Shakespeare 简介:超越莎士比亚的人物

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0011

Harry Newman

引用次数: 0

Formal Men: On Parody and Character 正式的男人:论戏仿与性格

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0012

Samuel Fallon

引用次数: 0

CharacterTM: Character-writing, Drama, and the Shape of Literary History 人物写作、戏剧与文学史的形态

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0007

Harry Newman

{"title":"CharacterTM: Character-writing, Drama, and the Shape of Literary History","authors":"Harry Newman","doi":"10.1353/jem.2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay challenges the traditional historical narrative of character focused on Shakespeare's epochal \"inward turn.\" It offers an alternative history that re-shapes the story of character around the cultural and commercial impact of so-called \"non-Shakespearean\" and \"pre-modern\" characters. Investigating intersections between the neo-Theophrastan \"Character,\" commercial drama, and news culture in seventeenth-century England, the essay traces the augmentation of character as a word and a concept. Character was a key noun and verb in a shifting lexicon of identity, a new generic brand inaugurated and appropriated by Ben Jonson and John Webster, and a rhetorical technology for estranging and trade-marking forms of humanity. The essay argues that the impact of the English Character-sketch—on theatre and performance, on news and print culture, and on the cult of the author—marked a historical turning point in consumer relations with virtual humanity. Character became a popular method of transforming persons, fictional and real, into coherent units of cultural value, from dramatis personae to scandalized court figures to Shakespeare and Jonson as historical authors. In offering this new story about character, the essay suggests that history and its agents are inevitably shaped by the characterological screens through which we view early modern culture, and through which the early moderns increasingly viewed themselves.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"142 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45800597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Navel-Gazing and the Performance of Gratitude: Accounting for Character in Ralph Josselin's Diary (1641–1683) 沉思与感恩的表现:拉尔夫·约瑟林日记(1641-1683)中的性格分析

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0015

A. Myers

{"title":"Navel-Gazing and the Performance of Gratitude: Accounting for Character in Ralph Josselin's Diary (1641–1683)","authors":"A. Myers","doi":"10.1353/jem.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Repetitive, pious, and often mired in the less appetizing details of seventeenth-century life, Ralph Josselin's diary is inhospitable to any modern reader looking for titillating confession or exciting narrative development. Drawing on the widespread seventeenth-century analogy that likened spiritual self-examination to financial accounting, this essay argues that the diary is not meant to be confessional by revealing the self as it is; rather, it is aspirational, a performance of the self the diarist hopes to become. Josselin provides a model of character in which the manipulation of lived experience and the performance of gratitude are earnest and sincere endeavors. The raw materials of seventeenth-century existence are, in Josselin's diary, parts of God's inscrutable plan to be accreted, recorded, reviewed, and (possibly) understood. Meticulous repetition and performance—in the sense of both physically acting and consciously pretending—aim to ensure that the recognition of God's mercies and the resulting posture of gratitude become, quite literally, habits of thought. The diary is an exercise, and its purpose, over time, is not to reveal, but to create, the self.","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"114 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poor Painted Shadows: "Non-Shakespearean" Characterization in Shakespeare 可怜的画影:莎士比亚的“非莎士比亚式”人物塑造

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Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1353/jem.2021.0008

Lara Bovilsky

{"title":"Poor Painted Shadows: \"Non-Shakespearean\" Characterization in Shakespeare","authors":"Lara Bovilsky","doi":"10.1353/jem.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jem.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Critics' selective reading has produced a widespread, long-lasting equation of Shakespearean characterization with naturalism, depth, complexity, interiority, and individuation. This critical consensus is worth challenging to reconsider the history and merits of alternative models of characterization that were current in early modern drama and attractive to the author most singled out as superseding them. In fact, across his career, Shakespeare amply employs \"artificial\" rhetoric, \"shallow\" characters, and speaking styles or narrative parallels that connect multiple \"individuals.\" These characterizations undercut the character effects in which Shakespeare's literary strengths purportedly lie but nonetheless yield theatrical dividends, including appealing non-naturalistic psychologies and narratives. This essay outlines how such examples reveal the value of under-examined period representational norms often seen as \"non-Shakespearean\" that Shakespeare shared with his contemporaries. It notes the breadth, frequency, and utility of such characterization in Shakespeare. It then examines Shakespeare's use of Lylian characterization to de-individuate characters, connecting them through overlapping styles of thought in The Two Gentlemen of Verona. Finally, it argues that Lylian techniques persist well beyond Two Gentlemen, in plays later in Shakespeare's career (As You Like It), more popular (Richard III), and universally admired for their characters' alignment through improbably similar experiences (King Lear).","PeriodicalId":42614,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"178 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42490582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0