Universa Medicina最新文献_第9页

Detection of immunogenic protein from salivary gland of Aedes albopictus 白纹伊蚊唾液腺免疫原性蛋白的检测

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.234-242

R. Oktarianti, Rochmatul Nuryu Khasanah, S. Wathon, K. Senjarini

{"title":"Detection of immunogenic protein from salivary gland of Aedes albopictus","authors":"R. Oktarianti, Rochmatul Nuryu Khasanah, S. Wathon, K. Senjarini","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.234-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.234-242","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDengue virus is transmitted by several species of Aedes mosquitoes, with Aedes albopictus as secondary vector. During blood feeding, these vectors inject saliva into the vertebrate hosts. The saliva contains anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and immunogenic factors. The objective of this research was to detect immunogenic proteins from Ae.albopictus salivary glands reacting with sera of people living in dengue endemic areas.\u0000MethodsThe identification of immunogenic proteins of Ae. albopictus salivary gland used one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and western blot analysis, respectively. To determine the immunogenic nature of the candidate proteins, the antigens from the salivary gland of Ae. albopictus were reacted with sera from healthy persons, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients, and neonates, each of the groups comprising 10 samples.\u0000ResultsThe protein profiles of Ae. albopictus salivary glands showed 13 bands with molecular weights from 16 kDa up to 97 kDa, i.e. 16, 17, 26, 28, 31, 32, 45, 55, 60, 67, 73, 76, and 97 kDa. According to western blot analysis result, the 31 kDa proteins were recognized in all endemic population sera, both in DHF patients and healthy persons. In contrast, protein bands of 47 and 67 kDa were only recognized by the sera of DHF patients.\u0000ConclusionThree immunogenic proteins of 31, 47 and 67 kDa were detected from Ae. albopictus salivary glands. These immunogenic proteins may be developed as candidate biomarkers for bite exposure to Ae. albopictus and as vector-based DHF vaccines.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46315575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors during early postpartum period 产后早期母乳喂养自我效能感及相关因素分析

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.216-225

Ş. Topuz, N. Duman, G. Uysal, D. Öcalan

{"title":"Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors during early postpartum period","authors":"Ş. Topuz, N. Duman, G. Uysal, D. Öcalan","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.216-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.216-225","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDBreastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) could be an indicator of the performance of mothers in breastfeeding during the immediate postpartum time period. The factor most affecting the duration and success of breastfeeding is the self-efficacy perception of the mothers. This study was carried out to determine the BSE and the factors related to it in the early postpartum period.\u0000METHODSA cross-sectional study was performed involving 264 mothers. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and the BSE scale (BSES). The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding descriptive characteristics (age, educational status, family type, income level, etc.) and obstetric characteristics regarding pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding status (number of pregnancies, number of births, type of delivery, planned and desired pregnancy, birth weight, first breast-feeding time after birth, etc.). Simple and multiple linear regression were performed to examine factors related to BSE.\u0000RESULTSThe mean BSE score of the mothers participating in the study was 65.20 ± 9.3. Simple and multiple linear regression models indicated that significant determinants of BSE score include having nuclear family type, having social security, a greater number of pregnancies, a greater number of births, the status of antenatal visits in pregnancy, the status of getting information about breastfeeding, and short first breastfeeding time. Getting information about breastfeeding was the most influential factor of BSE (Beta=3.432; 95% CI : 32.771-51.626; p=0.000).\u0000CONCLUSIONSIn this study, getting information about breastfeeding was the most influential factor of BSE in the early postpartum period. A woman's level of breastfeeding self-efficacy should be determined during the early postpartum period.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Outcomes of ureteral stent placement for hydronephrosis in patients with ureteral stone 输尿管内支架置入术治疗输尿管结石患者肾积水的疗效

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.226-233

Dyah Ratih Widyokirono, Y. Kloping, Z. Rahman, L. Hakim

{"title":"Outcomes of ureteral stent placement for hydronephrosis in patients with ureteral stone","authors":"Dyah Ratih Widyokirono, Y. Kloping, Z. Rahman, L. Hakim","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.226-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.226-233","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundRoutine ureteral stent placement after ureteroscopy (URS) for ureteral stone treatment is arguable due to the possible stent-related symptoms. Several studies claimed that its use is necessary, while others reported that its use is excessive. Hydronephrosis occurs when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder due to blockage or obstruction. We aimed to evaluate the role of ureteral stents in hydronephrosis resolution in ureteral stone patients following URS lithotripsy.\u0000MethodsThis was a prospective observational study using secondary data involving 130 ureteral stone patients undergoing URS lithotripsy [99 patients (76.2%) with stent placement and 31 patients (23.8%) without stent]. Data consisting of baseline characteristics, pre-operative status, intraoperative characteristics, and postoperative complications were collected from the medical record database and presented descriptively. The patients were divided into two groups based on stent placement. Comparison of hydronephrosis resolution between the groups was analyzed with Chi-square.\u0000ResultsUreteral lesions were the most common indication of ureteral stent placement following URS lithotripsy (28.3%). The most bothersome symptoms were dysuria in 18 patients (18.2%); followed by frequency in eight patients (8.1%) and low back pain in six patients (6.1%). All symptoms were successfully treated with oral medications. There were 41 patients (91.1%) with pre-operative hydronephrosis significantly resolved after stent placement compared to 5 (62.5%) patients without stent placement (p=0.027).\u0000ConclusionUreteral stenting significantly resolves pre-operative hydronephrosis after URS lithotripsy in patients with ureteral stone. Ureteral stent placement is the preferred method for the treatment of pre-operative hydronephrosis.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Marasmus and stunting in 2-month-old boy with pneumatocele 两个月大气腹男婴消瘦及发育迟缓

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.263-269

M. Susanti, Aidah Juliaty

{"title":"Marasmus and stunting in 2-month-old boy with pneumatocele","authors":"M. Susanti, Aidah Juliaty","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.263-269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.263-269","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundNutrition is essential for humans and if inadequate may lead to undernutrition. Undernourished children are very susceptible to infections, such as pneumonia, one of its complications being pneumatocele, which is a more severe condition. Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma and have been found in 2.4 percent of 493 infants and children with pneumonia. However, in staphylococcal pneumonias, the frequency of pneumatocele can reach as high as 85 percent. Infants and young children are more likely to have pneumatoceles. It is critical to distinguish marasmus with pneumatocele from many other similar diagnoses. Failure to recognize can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, causing more harm than good to patient care. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of pneumonia in neonates even with normal radiological findings and of searching for pneumatoceles.\u0000Case DescriptionWe report a case of marasmus and stunting accompanied by pneumatocele in a 2-month-old boy. The diagnosis was made based on history, physical examination, anthropometric examination using the WHO child growth standards, laboratory tests, and radiological imaging. Management of the patient was according to a multidisciplinary system including antibiotics administration and wasting management.\u0000ConclusionPneumatoceles are serious complications after pneumonia. Pneumonia is common in children with marasmus. Children with marasmus are caused by various underlying factors. The progression begins in the womb and continues through the first 1000 days of life.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Propranolol significantly reduced DNA polymerase β expression in patients with essential tremor 普萘洛尔显著降低原发性震颤患者DNA聚合酶β的表达

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.207-215

Nefise Kandemir, S. Kenanoglu, M. Gultekin, Nuriye Gokce, H. Akalın, N. Taşçıoğlu, Meral Mirza, E. Koseoglu, M. Dundar

{"title":"Propranolol significantly reduced DNA polymerase β expression in patients with essential tremor","authors":"Nefise Kandemir, S. Kenanoglu, M. Gultekin, Nuriye Gokce, H. Akalın, N. Taşçıoğlu, Meral Mirza, E. Koseoglu, M. Dundar","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.207-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.207-215","url":null,"abstract":"Background Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. Propranolol is a first-line medication for ET. We aimed to evaluate the effect of propranolol on the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and DNA polymerase beta (POLB) genes, which are known to be related to neurodegenerative diseases, in patients with ET.\u0000MethodsThirty-five healthy volunteers and thirty-five patients followed up with essential tremors were included in a non-randomized control experimental study. Expressions of PARP1 and POLB genes were compared between the control group and the patient group. In addition, pre- and post-treatment gene expression levels and Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale values of the patient group were compared after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. The Wilcoxon rank and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data.\u0000ResultsAt baseline, PARP1 expression was significantly lower in the ET group than in the control group. (p<0.001). POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment ET group than in the controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PARP1 expression levels before and after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment group than in the post-treatment group (p<0.001).\u0000ConclusionPropranolol significantly decreased POLB gene expression but there was no significant difference in PARP1 gene expression levels in the patient group, after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45185910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression in early- and late-onset preeclampsia 基质金属蛋白酶-9和E-钙粘蛋白在子痫前期和晚期的表达比较

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.200-206

T. Samara, H. Wibowo, I. Liem, A. Prijanti, A. Andrijono

{"title":"Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression in early- and late-onset preeclampsia","authors":"T. Samara, H. Wibowo, I. Liem, A. Prijanti, A. Andrijono","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.200-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.200-206","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPreeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common pregnancy complications worldwide. Turnover of villous trophoblast is affected by impaired placental perfusion in preeclampsia. Among the various factors that influence pro and antiangiogenic factors in trophoblast invasion of PE are E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The current classification scheme differentiates PE into two variants early-onset (EO) and late-onset (LO) PE. The aim of this study was to compare MMP-9 and E-cadherin expression between early- (EO) and late-onset (LO) PE.\u0000METHODSThis study used a cross-sectional design involving 26 women with gestational age <34 weeks (EO) and 38 women with gestational age ≥34 weeks (LO) from PE patients. Placentas born to preeclamptic mothers were taken in the form of small pieces of the maternal side to measure the levels of MMP-9 and E-cadherin by the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was assessed using the Mann Whitney and independent t-test with a significant p value <0.05.\u0000RESULTSSemiquantitative proteinuria levels were significantly higher in EO-PE group compared to LO-PE group (p=0.000). Mean E-cadherin levels were significant lower in the EO-PE group (125.94 ± 54.22 pg/mg) compared to LO-PE group (157.95 ± 54.12 pg/mg) (p=0.024). However, there was no significance difference in median MMP-9 levels between EO-PE group and LO-PE group (p=0.376).\u0000CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrate that E-cadherin had lower levels in preeclampsia patients who gave birth <34 weeks. This study indicated that lower levels of e-cadherin can lead to early delivery in preeclampsia patients.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Being aware of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection 了解新冠肺炎感染的神经系统表现

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.187-189

Başak Atalay

引用次数: 0

Epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in East Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran: five year survival analysis 伊朗西北部东阿塞拜疆大肠癌癌症流行病学方面：五年生存率分析

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.190-199

Ramin Barnous, M. Somi, Z. Sanaat, Pooneh Jabbaripoor, N. Dolatkhah, R. Dolatkhah

{"title":"Epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in East Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran: five year survival analysis","authors":"Ramin Barnous, M. Somi, Z. Sanaat, Pooneh Jabbaripoor, N. Dolatkhah, R. Dolatkhah","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.190-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.190-199","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world. Currently, CRC is the fourth most common cancer in men and the second common cancer in women of all ages in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic profile of CRC along with CRC specific survival analysis.\u0000MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study using the East Azerbaijan Population Based Cancer Registry database (EA-PBCR) as a source for data related to patients with a diagnosis of CRC. Colorectal cancer specific 1- to 5-year survival analysis and mortality rates were calculated. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis was performed to test the equality of survival function and mortality hazard.\u0000ResultsA total of 2,366 newly diagnosed CRCs were registered during 3 years, with a male: female ratio of 1.31. Overall survival rate was 49.8%. One- to 5-year survival rates were 96.21%, 56.94%, 48.62%, 47.88% and 46.76% respectively. At multivariate level, after adjusting for all variables, regression analysis showed that the hazard of mortality in stage IV cancers was 46.44 times higher than that in stage I cancers (HR=46.44, 95% CI: 14.86-145.14, p=0.000). However, differences in patients’ age group and sex and the subsite of cancer did not create any statistically significant variation between groups in regards to mortality hazards (p>0.05).\u0000ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the stage and grade of CRC were important prognostic factors and that early screening and diagnosis of CRC were essential.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48088005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Diagnostic efficacy cell block method of transthoracic fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of lung cancer 经胸细针穿刺细胞阻滞法诊断肺癌的临床疗效

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.133-140

Y. Sutanto, N. Santi, B. Wasita, A. Rima, Hendra Kurniawan

{"title":"Diagnostic efficacy cell block method of transthoracic fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of lung cancer","authors":"Y. Sutanto, N. Santi, B. Wasita, A. Rima, Hendra Kurniawan","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.133-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.133-140","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundLung cancer is still the main cause of cancer deaths. The high lung cancer mortality rate is caused by a diagnosis factor or therapy selection. The cell block cytology technique using fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples can provide immunocytochemical material that plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer subtypes and in determining immunotherapy administration. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic FNA (TTFNA) cell block cytology in comparison with bronchial washing smears and TTFNA smears in diagnosing lung cancer.\u0000MethodsThis was a cross-sectional diagnostic study involving 26 subjects. All subjects had undergone bronchial washing and CT scan-guided fine needle aspiration followed by cell block preparation. Both direct FNA smears and cell blocks are useful in the diagnostic work-up of patients. Comparative statistical analysis of TTFNA cell block versus bronchial washing smear and TTFNA smear cytology was carried out using the McNemar test.\u0000ResultsLung cancer was found in 15 patients (57.7%) using the TTFNA cell block technique. The sensitivity and specificity of the TTFNA cell block technique were 85.7% and 75%, respectively. There was no difference in the positivity value between TTFNA cell block technique of bronchial wash smear technique, and TTFNA smear on lung cancer diagnosis (p>0.05).\u0000ConclusionsTransthoracic fine-needle aspiration in combination with the cell block technique has good sensitivity and specificity. The TTFNA can be used for immunocytochemical examinations in lung cancer diagnosis and therapy. This approach is valuable for providing individualized treatment and prognostic evaluations.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41947065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic limb ischemia manifestation in COVID-19 infection: awareness and treatment in primary care COVID-19感染的慢性肢体缺血表现:初级保健的认识和治疗

IF 0.3

Universa Medicina Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.166-175

Sidhi Laksono, Reynaldo Halomoan Siregar, Hillary Kusharsamita

{"title":"Chronic limb ischemia manifestation in COVID-19 infection: awareness and treatment in primary care","authors":"Sidhi Laksono, Reynaldo Halomoan Siregar, Hillary Kusharsamita","doi":"10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.166-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.166-175","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic limb ischemia (CLI) is a type of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is still underdiagnosed and undertreated despite the increasing incidence, thus becoming a global health burden. And CLI reflects the local manifestations of a lethal systemic disease — atherosclerosis. If left untreated, chronic limb ischemia can result in major limb loss. In this pandemic era, limb ischemia has become one of several clinical manifestations that occur in patients with COVID-19 infection. Systemic inflammation in COVID-19 infection, direct viral infection, hypercoagulable state, and hyperinflammatory response are responsible for damage to the arterial system, causing endothelial dysfunction. Diagnosing PAD has become a challenge especially in the early stage and in the asymptomatic phase. The untreated condition could lead to the development of CLI. The primary physicians in the primary health facilities hold an important role in the early diagnosis and management of patients with CLI symptoms or with risk factors of CLI, especially in patients who have experienced COVID-19 infection. Due to the limitation of diagnostic testing modalities at primary health facilities, the physician can assess the ankle-brachial index (ABI) to determine the presence of CLI. Management of the disease is different for every patient and is customized based on the other comorbidities. Risk factors should be controlled in order to achieve a better outcome. A good management strategy will improve the quality of life of the patient. This review will discuss the occurrence of CLI in COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":42578,"journal":{"name":"Universa Medicina","volume":"40 1","pages":"166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1