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On the energy efficiency of dynamic spectrum access under dynamic channel conditions 动态信道条件下动态频谱接入的能量效率研究
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252066
Anm Badruddoza, V. Namboodiri, Murtuza Jadliwala
{"title":"On the energy efficiency of dynamic spectrum access under dynamic channel conditions","authors":"Anm Badruddoza, V. Namboodiri, Murtuza Jadliwala","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252066","url":null,"abstract":"The Cognitive Radio (CR) technique has mainly dealt with how spectrum can be sensed, the co-existence of primary and secondary users, and the channel access aspect. A key aspect of these radios is the `cognition' gained through a spectrum scanning process. The benefit of this cognition is apparent and well-studied in terms of achieving better communication performance on selected spectrum. The benefits in terms of reduced energy consumption, however, due to easier channel access and less contention have been rarely quantified in prior work. This work defines and studies the impact of important parameters on the energy consumption of a CR node under dynamic channel conditions. Results obtained include the range of parameter values under which a CR node is more energy-efficient than a conventional non-CR node, and a comparison of the effectiveness of different spectrum scanning algorithms.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114525476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Suppressing RF front-end nonlinearities in wideband spectrum sensing 抑制宽带频谱传感中射频前端非线性
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252105
Eric Rebeiz, A. H. ghadam, M. Valkama, D. Cabric
{"title":"Suppressing RF front-end nonlinearities in wideband spectrum sensing","authors":"Eric Rebeiz, A. H. ghadam, M. Valkama, D. Cabric","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252105","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of wideband analog front-end, wideband spectrum sensing techniques are prone to suffer from RF non-linearities. Intermodulation products due to strong subbands or carriers stemming from low noise amplifier nonlinearities, can easily degrade the spectrum sensing performance by causing false alarms and degrading the detection probability. We analyze the effects of third-order nonlinearities on both energy detectors and cyclostationary detectors under front-end nonlinearities. We show that the presence of strong blockers in the wideband channel can substantially degrade the sensing performance of both detectors, and energy detectors loose their advantage over cyclostationary detectors. Then, we propose an adaptive interference cancellation algorithm to compensate for the effect of the blockers at any subband of interest. The obtained results also show that when compensation is enabled, cyclostationary detector is more robust to moderate blocker signal levels than the corresponding energy detector.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121460269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Effect of secondary transmission on primary pilot carriers in overlay cognitive radios 叠加认知无线电中二次传输对主导载波的影响
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252033
Y. Beyene, K. Ruttik, R. Jäntti
{"title":"Effect of secondary transmission on primary pilot carriers in overlay cognitive radios","authors":"Y. Beyene, K. Ruttik, R. Jäntti","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252033","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive radio aims to increase spectral efficiency by exploiting information about the environment and activity of other transmitters. It allows access to temporary and/or spatially unused TV spectrum, white space, or overlay on the TV transmission. In this paper we consider an overlay cognitive radio in DVB-T coverage area, TV black space. We analyze the performance of a simple sequential interference cancellation algorithm at secondary receiver in presence of channel estimation error. The channel estimation quality depends on how the overlay signal disturbs the primary pilots. We compare two Orthogonal-Frequency Division Multiplexing based overlay cognitive radio schemes having secondary with: 1) modified WLAN frame structure avoiding secondary transmission on primary pilots. 2) LTE-type frame structure that uses all the DVB-T carriers. A prototype system was implemented on hardware platform to validate analytical results and study implementation limitations. Simulation and measurement results show that overlay interference on primary pilots does not have significant impact on primary reception. However, unlike scheme (1), in scheme (2) signal-to-interference plus noise ratio at secondary receiver was found to be severely limited by interference level on pilot carriers.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116566611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Sense in order: Channel selection for sensing in cognitive radio networks 感知顺序:认知无线网络中感知的信道选择
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.251937
Ying Dai, Jie Wu
{"title":"Sense in order: Channel selection for sensing in cognitive radio networks","authors":"Ying Dai, Jie Wu","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.251937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.251937","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers a pre-phase of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), which is about how to choose a channel for spectrum sensing. We take the time dimension, spectrum dimension, and spacial dimension into account and propose a sense-in-order model. In this model, each node maintains four states regarding each channel, based on the neighbors' shared information. We construct a state transition diagram for the four states and design an algorithm for every node to calculate the probability of choosing each channel. Moreover, we extend our model by introducing the angle dimension into the sense-in-order (SIO) model. In the extended model, each node is equipped with a four-directional antenna, which creates more channel opportunities. We describe the problem that is brought about by directional antennas, and propose a weight-based solution for each node to determine the channel state in each direction. Extensive simulation results testify for the performance of our model.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130328155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Cognitive repeaters for flexible mobile data traffic offloading 用于灵活移动数据流量卸载的认知中继器
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252075
Dennis Wieruch, T. Wirth, O. Braz, Alfons Dußmann, Markus Mederle, Marc Müller
{"title":"Cognitive repeaters for flexible mobile data traffic offloading","authors":"Dennis Wieruch, T. Wirth, O. Braz, Alfons Dußmann, Markus Mederle, Marc Müller","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252075","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the performance of cognitive amplify-and-forward (AF) repeaters in a dense urban environment. The benefit of repeaters is twofold. First, repeaters can compensate penetration losses and serve as wireless backhauling technology to bring high data rates into shielded environments. Second, a cognitive repeater can utilize very flexible different frequency bands and adopt its wireless link to the current frequency reuse plan. In this paper, we propose a new cognitive repeater concept which utilizes multiband signal offloading. Therefore, a cognitive repeater is implemented as a real-time hardware prototype in an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay and deployed in a real LTE-A testbed. The system performance is evaluated by various measurement trials within shielded indoor hotspot environments. It is shown, that cognitive repeaters can take advantage of the signal shielding to the outside and beneficially improve system performance for indoor user hotspots.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128820225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Joint spectrum sensing and transmission strategy for energy-efficient cognitive radio networks 节能认知无线电网络的联合频谱感知与传输策略
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252043
He Li, Xinxin Feng, Xiaoying Gan, Zhongren Cao
{"title":"Joint spectrum sensing and transmission strategy for energy-efficient cognitive radio networks","authors":"He Li, Xinxin Feng, Xiaoying Gan, Zhongren Cao","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252043","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network in which a secondary user (SU) has opportunities to access one of multiple channels licensed by several primary users (PUs). Before transmission, SU should sequentially decide which channel to explore and in what sequence, as well as whether to access or to sleep. Our goal is to design a joint spectrum sensing and transmission strategy for SU to maximize energy efficiency, which is defined as the number of bits transmitted per unit energy consumption (including both transmission and operating energy). By modeling PUs' occupancy activities as a Markov process, we formulate the problem of designing optimal sensing and transmission strategy as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). To solve it in a practical way, we establish the optimal threshold structure of myopic strategy and propose the algorithm to determine the optimal sensing order, which takes low computational complexity. Simulation results show that the energy efficiency loss of proposed approach is less than 8% compared with optimal solution. In addition, our approach can improve energy efficiency by roughly 15% to 35% compared to the traditional approaches, with less than 10% loss of capacity.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124741159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A practical precoding approach for radar/communications spectrum sharing 一种实用的雷达/通信频谱共享预编码方法
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252021
A. Babaei, W. Tranter, T. Bose
{"title":"A practical precoding approach for radar/communications spectrum sharing","authors":"A. Babaei, W. Tranter, T. Bose","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252021","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider spectrum sharing between multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system and a communication system modeled as MIMO interference channel. We derive a zero-forcing precoder for radar transmitter which completely eliminates the radar interference to communication users. Obtaining the precoder requires the knowledge of an effective interference channel matrix composed of the channel matrices to all of the communication receivers and the postprocessing matrices employed by them. We propose a channel estimation phase in which all of the communication receivers coordinate in their choice of training symbols and power transmission and the radar transmitter can estimate the effective interference channel. We investigate the effect of radar precoder and channel estimation error on the performance of radar and interference to communication receivers. Our results indicate that while the precoder null steers the radar interference to communication users it degrades the radar performance by introducing correlation to the probing signals. We show that this performance loss can be compensated for by increasing the number of radar antennas.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123935992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Reducing computational complexity of eigenvalue based spectrum sensing for cognitive radio 降低基于特征值的认知无线电频谱感知的计算复杂度
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252014
S. Dikmese, J. Wong, A. Gokceoglu, Elena Guzzon, M. Valkama, M. Renfors
{"title":"Reducing computational complexity of eigenvalue based spectrum sensing for cognitive radio","authors":"S. Dikmese, J. Wong, A. Gokceoglu, Elena Guzzon, M. Valkama, M. Renfors","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252014","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum sensing of primary users under very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise uncertainty is crucial for cognitive radio (CR) systems. To overcome the drawbacks of weak signal and noise uncertainty, eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing methods have been proposed for advanced CRs. However, one pressing disadvantage of eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing algorithms is their high computational complexity, which is due to the calculation of the covariance matrix and its eigenvalues. In this study, power, inverse power and fast Cholesky methods for eigenvalue computation are investigated as potential methods for reducing the computational complexity.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115809023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
A component-based approach for constructing flexible link-layer protocols 构建灵活链路层协议的基于组件的方法
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252057
André Puschmann, M. Kalil, A. Mitschele-Thiel
{"title":"A component-based approach for constructing flexible link-layer protocols","authors":"André Puschmann, M. Kalil, A. Mitschele-Thiel","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252057","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel approach for constructing flexible link-layer protocols which separate their functionality into multiple components. Our work is motivated by the fact that link-layer protocols are usually implemented as monolithic blocks. This approach limits the possibility of reusing common functions in multiple protocols and also narrows the flexibility of combining existing blocks for creating new protocols. Through flexibly interchangeable components, the proposed architecture addresses these issues. We discuss the design of the architecture and evaluate a prototype that demonstrates cognitive radio functionality such as autonomous link establishment, high-performance spectrum access and self-organized link maintenance after the unexpected arrival of a primary user.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116191321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Statistical modeling framework of live spectrum observation data for opportunistic spectrum sharing 面向机会频谱共享的实时频谱观测数据统计建模框架
8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252080
Tanim M. Taher, K. Zdunek, D. Roberson
{"title":"Statistical modeling framework of live spectrum observation data for opportunistic spectrum sharing","authors":"Tanim M. Taher, K. Zdunek, D. Roberson","doi":"10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2013.252080","url":null,"abstract":"A statistical model of land mobile radio (LMR) voice traffic is developed from empirical RF Spectrum measurement data. This model builds upon previous work, and is used to generate synthetic voice traffic that closely follows the daily and weekly patterns of the measured traffic. The model is applied to a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) simulation. A coexistence algorithm that takes advantage of the modeled channel statistics is presented that allows an opportunistic secondary user (SU) to share a channel with a primary user (PU). The algorithm shows a clear improvement compared to the basic Listen-before-talk scheme that has no knowledge of a PU's statistical traffic characteristics. Spectrum Opportunity Accessed and collision rate are used as metrics to compare the DSA coexistence techniques. We demonstrate the utility of a spectrum observatory system as being the integral part of this DSA framework, where the observatory continually monitors and models PU channel activity in order to provide the SU with useful statistical information about the PU's traffic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":425536,"journal":{"name":"8th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","volume":"43 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126908198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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