World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)最新文献_第3页

Chile: A Strategy to Promote Innovative Small and Medium Enterprises 智利:促进创新型中小企业的战略

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4518

M. Goldberg, Eric Palladini

{"title":"Chile: A Strategy to Promote Innovative Small and Medium Enterprises","authors":"M. Goldberg, Eric Palladini","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4518","url":null,"abstract":"With its strong export orientation and emphasis on competitiveness, the Chilean economic model has been the envy of its neighbors for more than a decade. However, there are underlying vulnerabilities. Historically, exports have been concentrated in mining and agriculture, sectors dominated by large firms that do not generate a large share of employment. Small and medium enterprises play a key role in employment generation and economic decentralization in Chile, yet their employment was stagnant between 2000 and 2004. Based on work completed in 2003, this study provides a review of the Chilean government's substantial investment in programs that support small and medium enterprises. This review of government programs confirms the importance of coordination and an overarching strategy, in the form of a National Innovation System, led by a single institution. The review also finds that demand-driven programs were more likely to be sustainable. Finally, the study demonstrates that Chile (and other countries with many support programs for small and medium enterprises in place) needs an integrated management information system to analyze, assess, coordinate, and streamline the program portfolio for small and medium enterprises in the future.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131793562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Inequality in Latin America: Determinants and Consequences 拉丁美洲的不平等:决定因素和后果

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4504

Humberto López, Guillermo E. Perry

引用次数: 100

Lessons from China for Africa 中国给非洲的教训

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4531

David L. Dollar

{"title":"Lessons from China for Africa","authors":"David L. Dollar","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4531","url":null,"abstract":"China has been the most successful developing country in this modern era of globalization. Since initiating economic reform after 1978, its economy has expanded at a steady rate over 8 percent per capita, fueling historically unprecedented poverty reduction (the poverty rate declined from over 60 percent to 7 percent in 2007). Other developing countries struggling to grow and reduce poverty are naturally interested in what has been the source of this impressive growth and what, if any, lessons they can take from China. This paper focuses on four features of modern China that have changed significantly between the pre-reform period and today. The Chinese themselves call their reform program Gai Ge Kai Feng,\"change the system, open the door.\"\"Change the system\"means altering incentives and ownership, that is, shifting the economy from near total state ownership to one in which private enterprise is dominant.\"Open the door\"means exactly what it says, liberalizing trade and direct investment. A third lesson is the development of high-quality infrastructure: China's good roads, reliable power, world-class ports, and excellent cell phone coverage throughout the country are apparent to any visitor. What is less well known is that most of this infrastructure has been developed through a policy of\"cost recovery\"that prices infrastructure services at levels sufficient to finance the capital cost as well as operations and maintenance. A fourth important lesson is China's careful attention to agriculture and rural development, complemented by rural-urban migration.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124007318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 63

Brazil within Brazil: Testing the Poverty Map Methodology in Minas Gerais 巴西境内的巴西:在米纳斯吉拉斯州测试贫困地图方法

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4513

C. Ebers, P. Lanjouw, P. Leite

{"title":"Brazil within Brazil: Testing the Poverty Map Methodology in Minas Gerais","authors":"C. Ebers, P. Lanjouw, P. Leite","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4513","url":null,"abstract":"The small-area estimation technique developed for producing poverty maps has been applied in a large number of developing countries. Opportunities to formally test the validity of this approach remain rare due to lack of appropriately detailed data. This paper compares a set of predicted welfare estimates based on this methodology against their true values, in a setting where these true values are known. A recent study draws on Monte Carlo evidence to warn that the small-area estimation methodology could significantly over-state the precision of local-level estimates of poverty, if underlying assumptions of spatial homogeneity do not hold. Despite these concerns, the findings in this paper for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, indicate that the small-area estimation approach is able to produce estimates of welfare that line up quite closely to their true values. Although the setting considered here would seem, a priori, unlikely to meet the homogeneity conditions that have been argued to be essential for the method, confidence intervals for the poverty estimates also appear to be appropriate. However, this latter conclusion holds only after carefully controlling for community-level factors that are correlated with household level welfare.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126615826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004: Enterprise Restructuring, Labor Market Transitions and Poverty 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那2001-2004年:企业重组、劳动力市场转型和贫困

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4479

Erwin R. Tiongson, Ruslan G. Yemtsov

{"title":"Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004: Enterprise Restructuring, Labor Market Transitions and Poverty","authors":"Erwin R. Tiongson, Ruslan G. Yemtsov","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4479","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes stock of labor market developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina over the period 2001-2004, using the panel Living Standards Measurement Study/Living in Bosnia and Herzegovina survey. The analysis estimates a multinomial logit model of labor market transitions by state of origin (employment, unemployment, and inactivity) following the specification of widely used models of transition probabilities, and analyzes the impact of standard covariates. The results provide strong evidence that there are indeed significant differences in labor market transitions by gender, age, education, and geographic location. Using the panel structure of the multi-topic survey data, the authors find that these transitions are related to welfare dynamics, with welfare levels evolving differently for various groups depending on their labor market trajectories. The findings show that current labor market trends reflecting women's movement out of labor markets and laid-off male workers accepting informal sector jobs characterized by low productivity will lead to adverse social outcomes. These outcomes could be averted if the planned enterprise reform program creates a more favorable business environment and leads to faster restructuring and growth of firms.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129891192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

An Alternative Framework for Foreign Exchange Risk Management of Sovereign Debt 主权债务外汇风险管理的替代框架

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4458

M. Melecký

引用次数: 2

On SARS Type Economic Effects During Infectious Disease Outbreaks 传染病暴发期间SARS型经济效应研究

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4466

M. Brahmbhatt, Arin Dutta

{"title":"On SARS Type Economic Effects During Infectious Disease Outbreaks","authors":"M. Brahmbhatt, Arin Dutta","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4466","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious disease outbreaks can exact a high human and economic cost through illness and death. But, as with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in East Asia in 2003, or the plague outbreak in Surat, India, in 1994, they can also create severe economic disruptions even when there is, ultimately, relatively little illness or death. Such disruptions are commonly the result of uncoordinated and panicky efforts by individuals to avoid becoming infected, of preventive activity. This paper places these\"SARS type\"effects in the context of research on economic epidemiology, in which behavioral responses to disease risk have both economic and epidemiological consequences. The paper looks in particular at how people form subjective probability judgments about disease risk. Public opinion surveys during the SARS outbreak provide suggestive evidence that people did indeed at times hold excessively high perceptions of the risk of becoming infected, or, if infected, of dying from the disease. The paper discusses research in behavioral economics and the theory of information cascades that may shed light on the origin of such biases. The authors consider whether public information strategies can help reduce unwarranted panic. A preliminary question is why governments often seem to have strong incentives to conceal information about infectious disease outbreaks. The paper reviews recent game-theoretic analysis that clarifies government incentives. An important finding is that government incentives to conceal decline the more numerous are non-official sources of information about a possible disease outbreak. The findings suggest that honesty may indeed be the best public policy under modern conditions of easy mass global communications.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"406 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129594657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Subnational Insolvency: Cross-Country Experiences and Lessons 次国家破产:各国的经验和教训

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1400640

Lili Liu

引用次数: 16

Improving Nutritional Status Through Behavioral Change: Lessons from Madagascar 通过行为改变改善营养状况:马达加斯加的经验教训

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4424

E. Galasso, N. Umapathi

{"title":"Improving Nutritional Status Through Behavioral Change: Lessons from Madagascar","authors":"E. Galasso, N. Umapathi","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4424","url":null,"abstract":"This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Improving nutritional status through behavioral change : lessons from Madagascar, conducted between 1999 and 2002 in Madagascar. The study observed the impact of large-scale intervention that focuses on the quality of nutritional and child care inputs during the early stages of life. The empirical strategy uses a combination of double-difference and weighting estimators in a longitudinal survey to address the purposive placement of participating communities and estimates the effect of the availability of the program at the community level on nutritional outcomes on the child level. The program significantly improved weight for age z- scores and reduced the proportion of children who were underweight. The program improved the weight for age z-score by 0.15 to 0.22 standard deviations and reduced the incidence of underweight by 5.2 to 7.6 percentage points. The program also led to a significant reduction in stunting. The evidence suggests that these effects indicate significant impacts on longer-term nutritional outcomes. There is some heterogeneity in program impacts, more educated and wealthier mothers reap more benefits from the program. Funding for the study derived from the World Bank Research Grant Community Nutrition: Evaluation of Impacts in Africa.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

The Composition of Public Expenditure and Growth: A Small-Scale Intertemporal Model for Low-Income Countries 公共支出的构成与增长:低收入国家的小规模跨期模型

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4430

Nihal Bayraktar, E. Moreira

引用次数: 9