World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)最新文献_第2页

The Anatomy of China's Export Growth 中国出口增长剖析

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4628

C. Freund

引用次数: 431

Public Expenditure and Consumption Volatility 公共支出与消费波动

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4633

Santiago Herrera, Bruno Vincent

{"title":"Public Expenditure and Consumption Volatility","authors":"Santiago Herrera, Bruno Vincent","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4633","url":null,"abstract":"Recent estimates of the welfare cost of consumption volatility find that it is significant in developing nations, where it may reach an equivalent of reducing consumption by 10 percent per year. Hence, examining the determinants of consumption volatility is of utmost relevance. Based on cross-country data for the period 1960-2005, the paper explains consumption volatility using three sets of variables: one refers to the volatility of income and the persistence of income shocks; the second set of variables refers to policy volatility, considering the volatility of public spending and the size of government; while the third set captures the ability of agents to smooth shocks, and includes the depth of the domestic financial markets as well as the degree of integration to international capital markets. To allow for potential endogenous regressors, in particular the volatility of fiscal policy and the size of government, the system is estimated using the instrumental variables method. The results indicate that, besides income volatility, the variables with the largest and most robust impact on consumption volatility are government size and the volatility of public spending. Results also show that deeper and more stable domestic financial markets reduce the volatility of consumption, and that more integrated financial markets to the international capital markets are associated with lower volatility of consumption.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125264739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

An Evaluation of the Initial Impact of the Medical Assistance Program for the Poor in Georgia 对格鲁吉亚穷人医疗援助方案初步影响的评估

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-04-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4588

Xiaohui Hou, Shiyan Chao

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Initial Impact of the Medical Assistance Program for the Poor in Georgia","authors":"Xiaohui Hou, Shiyan Chao","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4588","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the recent health reform effort, the government of Georgia launched a Medical Assistance Program in June 2006 to provide health insurance to its poor population. So far the program covers slightly over 50 percent of the poor and provides benefit coverage for outpatient and inpatient care. This paper estimates initial impact of the Medical Assistance Program and assesses whether the benefits have reached the poorest among those eligible, using utilization data from June 2006 to December 2006. Based on the analysis using a regression discontinuity design and a three-part model, the paper presents two main findings. First, the Medical Assistance Program has significantly increased utilization of acute surgeries/inpatient services by the poor. Second, the benefits have successfully reached the poorest among the poor. These two findings indicate that government efforts to improve the poor's access to and utilization of health services are yielding results. The paper emphasizes that the initial dramatic increase in surgeries must be interpreted with caution, given the possible misclassification or misreporting of acute surgeries in the data. The paper also stresses the need to continue monitoring implementation of the Medical Assistance Program and further improve program design, particularly the targeting mechanism, to achieve better efficiency, effectiveness and overall equity in access to health care services.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122997815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Financing Lifelong Learning 资助终身学习

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4569

H. Oosterbeek, H. Patrinos

引用次数: 30

Governance Arrangements for State Owned Enterprises 国有企业治理安排

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4542

Maria Vagliasindi

{"title":"Governance Arrangements for State Owned Enterprises","authors":"Maria Vagliasindi","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4542","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to shed new light on key challenges in governance arrangements for state owned enterprises in infrastructure sectors. The paper provides guidelines on how to classify the fuzzy and sometimes conflicting development goals of infrastructure and the governance arrangements needed to reach such goals. Three policy recommendations emerge. First, some of the structures implied by internationally adopted principles of corporate governance for state owned enterprises favoring a centralized ownership function versus a decentralized or dual structure have not yet been sufficiently\"tested\"in practice and may not suit all developing countries. Second, general corporate governance guidelines (and policy recommendations) need to be carefully adapted to infrastructure sectors, particularly in the natural monopoly segments. Because the market structure and regulatory arrangements in which state owned enterprises operate matters, governments may want to distinguish the state owned enterprises operating in potentially competitive sectors from the ones under a natural monopoly structure. Competition provides not only formidable benefits, but also unique opportunities for benchmarking, increasing transparency and accountability. Third, governments may want to avoid partial fixes, by tackling both the internal and external governance factors. Focusing only on one of the governance dimensions is unlikely to improve SOE performance in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122106183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Linking African Smallholders to High-Value Markets: Practitioner Perspectives on Benefits, Constraints, and Interventions 将非洲小农与高价值市场联系起来:实践者对利益、限制和干预措施的看法

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4573

S. Henson, Steve Jaffee, J. Cranfield, J. Blandón, Paul B. Siegel

{"title":"Linking African Smallholders to High-Value Markets: Practitioner Perspectives on Benefits, Constraints, and Interventions","authors":"S. Henson, Steve Jaffee, J. Cranfield, J. Blandón, Paul B. Siegel","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides the results of an international survey of practitioners with experience in facilitating the participation of African smallholder farmers in supply chains for higher-value and/or differentiated agricultural products. It explores their perceptions about the constraints inhibiting and the impacts associated with this supply chain participation. It also examines their perceptions about the factors affecting the success of project and policy interventions in this area, about how this success is and should be measured, and about the appropriate roles for national governments, the private sector, and development assistance entities in facilitating smallholder gains in this area. The results confirm a growing 'consensus' about institutional roles, yet suggest some ambiguity regarding the impacts of smallholder participation in higher-value supply chains and the appropriateness of the indicators most commonly used to gauge such impacts. The results also suggest a need to strengthen knowledge about both the 'old' and 'new' sets of constraints (and solutions) related to remunerative smallholder inclusion, in the form of the rising role of standards alongside more long-standing concerns about infrastructure and logistical links to markets.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127818933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

The Historical Foundations of the Narcotic Drug Control Regime 麻醉药品管制制度的历史基础

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4553

J. Buxton

引用次数: 22

The Effectiveness of Boards of Directors of State Owned Enterprises in Developing Countries 发展中国家国有企业董事会的有效性研究

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4579

Maria Vagliasindi

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Boards of Directors of State Owned Enterprises in Developing Countries","authors":"Maria Vagliasindi","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4579","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to shed some new light on the conditions needed to ensure the effectiveness of Boards of Directors of state owned enterprises with a focus on infrastructure sectors. In the case of developing countries, empirical studies have found evidence of positive links between the composition of the Board of Directors and financial performance. Yet the lack of solid theoretical foundations, and in some cases poor data availability, makes the conclusions of most studies weak. Several policy recommendations emerge from the review of the economic literature and evidence from case studies. First, the introduction of a sufficient number of independent directors emerges as an important corporate governance milestone. Empowering them to exercise effective monitoring of management, however, may prove to be a formidable challenge for of state owned enterprises. More attention to board procedures, particularly related to the Board selection and evaluation process, is essential, to produce the necessary insulation of Boards from government interference. Ensuring sufficient continuity of services to directors is particularly crucial to improve corporate governance. In addition, other factors that may reduce directors' ability to monitor corporate activities, such as the age profile and the number of Boards on which they sit, need to be handled more carefully.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125413367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Evaluation in the Practice of Development 发展实践中的评价

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP002

M. Ravallion

引用次数: 200

Agency, Education and Networks: Gender and International Migration from Albania 机构、教育和网络:性别与来自阿尔巴尼亚的国际移徙

World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4507

G. Stecklov, C. Carletto, C. Azzarri, B. Davis

{"title":"Agency, Education and Networks: Gender and International Migration from Albania","authors":"G. Stecklov, C. Carletto, C. Azzarri, B. Davis","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4507","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the causes and dynamics of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in the access of women to migration opportunities and decision making. The context of the analysis is Albania, a natural laboratory for studying migration developments given that out-migration was practically eliminated from the end of World War II to the end of the 1980s. The authors use micro-level data from the Albania 2005 Living Standards Measurement Study including migration histories for family members since migration began. Based on discrete-time hazard models, the analysis shows an impressive expansion of female participation in international migration. Female migration, which is shown to be strongly associated with education, wealth, and social capital, appears responsive to economic incentives and constraints. Yet, using unique data on the dependency of female migration to the household demographic structure as well as the sensitivity of female migration to household-level shocks, the authors show that it is the households themselves that are the decision-making agents behind this economic calculus and there is little to suggest that increased female migration signals the emergence of female agency.","PeriodicalId":425296,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Infrastructure (Topic)","volume":"539 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132436525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12