International Journal of Business Reflections最新文献

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DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL PROJECT TEAMS 多元文化项目团队的管理动态
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.42
Atif Nawaz Mughal, Anum Shahzad, Raza Rao Hashim
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL PROJECT TEAMS","authors":"Atif Nawaz Mughal, Anum Shahzad, Raza Rao Hashim","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.42","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of globalization, the business models have been completely transformed. A growing number of businesses are operating globally giving rise to diverse multicultural teams. Nevertheless, cultural differences have undermined the efficiency and decision-making of the international project teams as there is more cultural diversity in the teams than ever before. Hence, it has become imperative for the organizations to take cultural diversity into consideration. Prominent cultural studies postulate that having diverse teams in the organizations can have both challenges and opportunities, yet it lacks emphasis of cultural understanding in project management. Moreover, digitization of business operations have moved organizations towards more specialized roles instead of traditional roles. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of team dynamics, their cultural backgrounds, values, and beliefs. It also emphasizes project team development to adopt increased empathetic attitude and emotional intelligence. The research has employed qualitative data retrieved from questionnaires and interviews. A project group development model is proposed aimed at avoiding conflicts arising due to lack of cultural understanding .The findings show that multicultural project groups will experience conflicts caused by cultural differences. Therefore, cultural understanding is vital for group members before they start working together as a group. In addition, cultural training, effective communication, teambuilding exercises and well-defined project goals are important determinants in avoiding team conflicts. Furthermore, project management methodologies should also address cultural aspects of project groups in addition to technical details as present studies lack any cultural advice.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF SERVITIZATION ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMY CONTEXT 预测服务化对客户忠诚度的影响:新兴经济背景下的经验证据
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.37
Obinna Christian Ojiaku, Abude Peter
{"title":"PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF SERVITIZATION ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMY CONTEXT","authors":"Obinna Christian Ojiaku, Abude Peter","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.37","url":null,"abstract":"The tangible and imitable nature of products has led to the commoditization of most manufactured goods. Manufacturing companies have recognized servitization as a strategic solution to avoid falling into the trap of product commoditization. This study examines the relationship between servitization and customer loyalty in indigenous cable manufacturing firms in Anambra State. Four hypotheses and research questions, formulated in line with the research objective, guide the study. A survey research design was adopted, and the primary instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 270 customers across three cable manufacturing firms in Southeast Nigeria. The collected data were sorted, coded, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, and the study hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. The study found a significant positive effect for advanced services, while basic services had a significant negative effect. However, the effect of intermediate services was not significant. It is concluded that servitization can increase customer loyalty, although its contribution is minimal. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that advanced services have the highest positive impact on customer loyalty. Based on the findings, the study recommends, among other things, that firms seeking to servitize should provide advanced services to customers to increase loyalty. Additionally, they should offer product support and consulting services, as well as provide technical training and seminars to help customers achieve their goals while using their products.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION 伊斯兰职业道德对员工绩效和反生产行为的影响:考察工作满意度的作用
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.35
Abdul Naeem, Muhammad Rashid
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION","authors":"Abdul Naeem, Muhammad Rashid","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.35","url":null,"abstract":"The current research investigated the effect of Islamic work ethics on employee performance and counterproductive work behavior with job satisfaction as a moderator between Islamic work ethics and employee performance as well as counterproductive work behavior. This study was conducted in light of the other-orientation theory. This is empirical, quantitative and surveybased research and data was collected from 350 employees of different banks in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS and AMOS and hypotheses were tested through the regression analysis process. Results indicated that Islamic work ethics have a positive relationship with Employee performance and a negative relationship with Counterproductive Work Behavior. The result of the research indicated that management and responsible authorities should promote Islamic work ethics among employees in order to enhance their satisfaction and high performance.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124861538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PERSONAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR: A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE 影响消费者冲动购买行为的个人和文化因素:发展中国家视角
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.34
Ale Raza, Muhammad Asif, Mubasher Akram
{"title":"PERSONAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR: A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Ale Raza, Muhammad Asif, Mubasher Akram","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.34","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of Personality, shopping enjoyment tendency, materialism, impulse buying tendency, and cultural dimension namely collectivism and individualism on impulse buying behavior. This study employed a quantitative approach that involved a convenience sampling technique to collect data from customers (n=320) using a structured survey. Structured Equation Modeling was applied to analyze data by using AMOS 24. According to the study's findings, shopping enjoyment tendency and materialism strongly affect impulse buying. Further, buyers with a high tendency to impulsiveness, buy more spontaneously. More importantly, the findings revealed that personality traits; neuroticism and extraversion, have also a strongly positive impact on consumers’ IBB. This study provides important information regarding the buying behavior of consumers from the retail sector of a developing nation and checks the effect of the above-mentioned important factors on consumers’ impulse buying. The outcomes of this study will help retailers and marketers to develop effective strategies in accordance with consumer buying behavior.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ROLE OF GHRMPS AND RELIGIOSITY IN DETERMINING THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL-SUSTAINABILITY AND SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING THROUGH PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS: A CROSS-DOMAIN MODEL FOR PAKISTANI CORPORATE SECTOR GHRMPS和宗教信仰在通过亲环境行为决定环境可持续性和主观幸福感之间的平衡中的作用:巴基斯坦企业部门的跨领域模型
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.31
Syed Yawar Abbas Zaidi, M. Waqas, Samia Jamshed, Faisal Mahmood
{"title":"ROLE OF GHRMPS AND RELIGIOSITY IN DETERMINING THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL-SUSTAINABILITY AND SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING THROUGH PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS: A CROSS-DOMAIN MODEL FOR PAKISTANI CORPORATE SECTOR","authors":"Syed Yawar Abbas Zaidi, M. Waqas, Samia Jamshed, Faisal Mahmood","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.31","url":null,"abstract":"Guided by the AMO theory, VBN theory, and warm-glow-giving theory, the theoretical glue that joint the proposed model together this study investigates how employing Green HRM practices and Eco-Islamic Phenomenon (i.e. religiosity) corporate sector can achieve an equilibrium between Environmental-sustainability (ES) and Subjective Wellbeing (SWB), through the centrality of pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs). An in-depth review of strategically selected qualitative/empirical/conceptual articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases on the multi-disciplined subjects (i.e., GHRMPs, Religiosity, PEBs, ES, and SWB) published from 1978 to 2022 has been executed. A review of the literature derived 12 hypotheses combining cross-domain consolidated model for the corporate-sector of Pakistan, comprehending ‘how’ equilibrium between SWB and ES could be actualized. Distinctive from previous studies, the proposed model brings a new horizon to explore the untried associations of cross domains PEBs (i.e., workplace, public & private sphere) with GHRMPs, Religiosity, ES, and SWB to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying behavioral process bridging GHRMPs and Religiosity with ES and LS, respectively. This study offers contextual support to the literature where studies connecting sustainability and subjective well-being (SWB) are lacking especially in developing countries context.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134539139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF WORK-LIFE CONFLICT AND DUAL-CAREER COUPLE ON JOB SATISFACTION WITH THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT 工作-生活冲突、双职夫妇对工作满意度的影响及组织支持感的调节作用
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.36
Muhammad Rashid, Huzaifa Aslam, Abdul Wajid, Abdul Naeem
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF WORK-LIFE CONFLICT AND DUAL-CAREER COUPLE ON JOB SATISFACTION WITH THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT","authors":"Muhammad Rashid, Huzaifa Aslam, Abdul Wajid, Abdul Naeem","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.36","url":null,"abstract":"The major intent of this research is to inspect the impact of work-life conflict, job stress and work overload of dual-career life partners on job contentment and how perceived organizational support moderates their relationship. We collected data from 170 employees of different organizations and companies in the capital city Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Moderation regression inspection was used to get results from the data and close-ended and adopted questionnaires were used in order to collect data. Analysis findings described that work overload, job stress and work-life conflict have a negative impact on job satisfaction in dual-profession couples. And if the organization provides support, then these problems may reduce. This study helps and guides managers, policymakers and market leaders in order to develop a flexible and supportive organizational culture to boost their workers’ job contentment. The data we collected for this study was mainly from two cities in Pakistan, Islamabad and Rawalpindi. So we are not able to generalize this study to the whole country. Other researchers and investigators may target other problems of dual-career professionals and they can target other cities’ populations.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116039995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COLLABORATION, NETWORKING AND RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA’S RESEARCH INSTITUTES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 尼日利亚研究机构的协作、网络和研究生产力:经验证据
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.32
C. Adelowo, Oluwatosin Eniola Ilevbare, Morufu, Oladotun Orewole
{"title":"COLLABORATION, NETWORKING AND RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA’S RESEARCH INSTITUTES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE","authors":"C. Adelowo, Oluwatosin Eniola Ilevbare, Morufu, Oladotun Orewole","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.32","url":null,"abstract":"This article establishes the effect of collaboration/networking on research productivity among researchers in the Federal Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (FMSTI). The study utilises a large cross-sectional survey data collected from senior researchers, scientists and engineers (1611) in the seventeen Agencies of FMSTI. The results showed that internal collaborations among researchers and scientists were high and the purpose of collaboration includes research engagement, grantsmanship writing and journal publications. Most researchers also engage in external collaboration, particularly with other research institutes, Universities and Polytechnics. A few researchers reported collaborations with the industry. The analysis further showed a significant and positive effect of collaboration on research productivity. The results suggested that collaboration, whether internal or external, has a strong potential to improve research productivity. The article concludes that the management of these institutions needs to provide adequate platforms/incentives for researchers to collaborate and network to improve performance.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128387570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF HALAL LABEL PRODUCT QUALITY AND SERVICE QUALITY ON PURCHASE DECISIONS 清真标签产品质量和服务质量对购买决策的影响
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.33
Isje Pradina, A. Rohim
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF HALAL LABEL PRODUCT QUALITY AND SERVICE QUALITY ON PURCHASE DECISIONS","authors":"Isje Pradina, A. Rohim","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.33","url":null,"abstract":"The halal industry in Indonesia is currently increasing from year to year, especially in the food and beverages sector. Kopi Kenangan is one of the popular local coffee products in Indonesia. Even though some food commodities are found without the halal label. This research aims to find the effect of a label of halal, product quality, and service quality on decisions of purchasing Kopi Kenangan in the area of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Tangerang (cities in Indonesia). This research uses a quantitative approach. The sample that was used in this study was 100 respondents from Kopi Kenangan consumers that were located in the Jakarta area. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data using a Likert scale. This study used analysis of multiple linear regression supported by the validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, t-test, and f-test using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The results found from this research are Label of halal (X1), Product Quality (X2), and Service Quality (X3) have a significant effect on decisions of purchasing Kopi Kenangan, and simultaneously all variables influence significantly the decision of purchasing of Kopi Kenangan.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116663691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF BIG DATA ANALYTICS ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 大数据分析对快速消费品行业供应链管理实践的影响:来自发展中国家的证据
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.30
M. Sazu, S. Jahan
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF BIG DATA ANALYTICS ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES","authors":"M. Sazu, S. Jahan","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.30","url":null,"abstract":"Leading trends over the last couple of years tend to be the increasing value of big data and analyzing the information through analytics. The information has tremendous value; fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) businesses must capitalize on the assortment of information by proper and in-depth evaluation with the usage of big data analytics (BDA). Objective: This article seeks to spotlight the changing dynamics of the SC managing atmosphere, to recognize the way the two leading trends will influence supply chain management (SCM) in future, to demonstrate the advantages which may be derived, and to generate suggestions to provide SC managers if BDA is adopted. Method: A survey was done amongst workers of multinational FMCG businesses across the world: the Americas, Asia etc. Systemic situation modeling is used in the quantitative evaluation to analyze the information gathered from surveys. The process of deriving value from the large quantities of information within the SCM is defined. Results: The adoption of BDA technologies can develop extensive value-added as well as a financial gain for companies and can quickly be a regular during the entire market. It is demonstrated, through examples, the way SCM location might be influenced by these brand-new developments and trends. Within the examples, BDA have been adopted, utilized, and applied effectively. Big data and analytics to draw out value coming from the information can create a big influence. Conclusion: It is clearly suggested chain administrators pay attention to these 2 trends, since better usage of BDA can ensure they hold abreast with innovations modifications, which could help improve company competitiveness. Keywords: Supply chain management; Big data analytics; FMCG; Developing countries","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114251581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
WHY DO ENTREPRENEURS LEAVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP? EXPLORATORY STUDY FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN 企业家为什么离开创业?来自巴基斯坦拉合尔的探索性研究
International Journal of Business Reflections Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56249/ijbr.03.01.26
Salman Zafar, Muhammad Rizwan Saleem Sandhu, M. Zaheer
{"title":"WHY DO ENTREPRENEURS LEAVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP? EXPLORATORY STUDY FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN","authors":"Salman Zafar, Muhammad Rizwan Saleem Sandhu, M. Zaheer","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.26","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to find out the factors that are responsible for entrepreneurs to quit entrepreneurship and join the job industry. This qualitative study was designed to fulfill the objectives via interviewing ex-entrepreneurs and getting first-hand information from business owners themselves who had faced the problem in their business tenure. Interviewing the respondents brought out a number of factors that had ultimately forced them to wind up their businesses. These factors were then carved out broadly categorized as internal or external factors which led to either managerial or financial reasons. Conducting this research was a tedious task as people are not willing to share their previous or unpleasant memories furthermore. They were hesitant to share a part of their personal life experience. Due to limited resources and time the research was conducted in the city of Lahore which and therefore limited in its scope. Nevertheless, this study has produced credible information which can be useful for future entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":425224,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Reflections","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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