Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law最新文献

AI-supported decision-making under the general data protection regulation 一般数据保护条例下的人工智能支持决策

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086513

M. Brkan

{"title":"AI-supported decision-making under the general data protection regulation","authors":"M. Brkan","doi":"10.1145/3086512.3086513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086513","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyse the rules of the General Data Protection Regulation on automated decision making in the age of Big Data and to explore how to ensure transparency of such decisions, in particular those taken with the help of algorithms. The GDPR, in its Article 22, prohibits automated individual decision-making, including profiling. On the first impression, it seems that this provision strongly protects individuals and potentially even hampers the future development of AI in decision making. However, it can be argued that this prohibition, containing numerous limitations and exceptions, looks like a Swiss cheese with giant holes in it. Moreover, in case of automated decisions involving personal data of the data subject, the GDPR obliges the controller to provide the data subject with 'meaningful information about the logic involved' (Articles 13 and 14). If we link this information to the rights of data subject, we can see that the information about the logic involved needs to enable him/her to express his/her point of view and to contest the automated decision. While this requirement fits well within the broader framework of GDPR's quest for a high level of transparency, it also raises several queries particularly in cases where the decision is taken with the help of algorithms: What exactly needs to be revealed to the data subject? How can an algorithm-based decision be explained? Apart from technical obstacles, we are facing also intellectual property and state secrecy obstacles to this 'algorithmic transparency'.","PeriodicalId":425187,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130182320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Semantic types for computational legal reasoning: propositional connectives and sentence roles in the veterans' claims dataset

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086535

Vern R. Walker, Ji Hae Han, Xiang Ni, Kaneyasu Yoseda

{"title":"Semantic types for computational legal reasoning: propositional connectives and sentence roles in the veterans' claims dataset","authors":"Vern R. Walker, Ji Hae Han, Xiang Ni, Kaneyasu Yoseda","doi":"10.1145/3086512.3086535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper announces the creation and public availability of a dataset of annotated decisions adjudicating claims by military veterans for disability compensation in the United States. This is intended to initiate a collaborative, transparent approach to semantic analysis for argument mining from legal documents. The dataset is being used in the LUIMA argument-mining project. We address two major sub-tasks for making legal reasoning computable. First, we report the semantic types of propositional connective we use to extract information about legal rules from sentences in statutes, regulations, and appellate court decisions, and to represent those rules as integrated systems. Second, we report the semantic types of sentence role we use to extract and represent the fact-finding reasoning found in adjudicatory decisions, with the goal of identifying successful and unsuccessful patterns of evidentiary argument. For each type system, we provide explanations and examples. Thus, we hope to stimulate a shared effort to create diverse datasets in law, to empirically evolve optimal sets of semantic types for argument mining, and to refine protocols for accurately applying those types to texts.","PeriodicalId":425187,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","volume":"13 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124377758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

A scalable approach to legal question answering 一种可扩展的法律问题回答方法

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086547

Zack Bennett, Tony Russell-Rose, Kate Farmer

引用次数: 8

Towards an automated production of legal texts using recurrent neural networks 使用循环神经网络实现法律文本的自动生成

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086536

Wolfgang Alschner, D. Skougarevskiy

{"title":"Towards an automated production of legal texts using recurrent neural networks","authors":"Wolfgang Alschner, D. Skougarevskiy","doi":"10.1145/3086512.3086536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086536","url":null,"abstract":"This paper constructs a legal text generation and assembly system in the domain of international investment law. We rely on a corpus of 1600+ bilateral investment treaties split into 22 600 articles to train a character-level recurrent neural network (char-RNN). Prior work [1] has shown that while char-RNNs can produce legally meaningful texts, its output tends to be repetitive. In this contribution, we remedy this shortcoming by proposing a new framework for RNN-based text production. First, we elicit priors at the training stage to give more weight to under-represented treaty practice. Second, we use q-gram distance and GloVe word embeddings [12] as filters imposed on the generated texts to draw them closer to a target document. Third, we develop a validation routine that compares the distribution of pre-defined legal concepts in actual and generated texts. Our results indicate that the RNN produces texts that are not repetitive and convey meaningful legal concepts. We conclude by showcasing a practical application of our framework by predicting provisions of the USA-China bilateral investment treaty currently under negotiation.","PeriodicalId":425187,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115965935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Scenario analytics: analyzing jury verdicts to evaluate legal case outcomes 情景分析:分析陪审团的裁决，以评估法律案件的结果

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086516

Jack G. Conrad, Khalid Al-Kofahi

引用次数: 7

Changes to temporary norms 临时规范的改变

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086517

M. Cristani, Francesco Olivieri, A. Rotolo

引用次数: 7

The opportunity prior: a simple and practical solution to the prior probability problem for legal cases 先验机会:法律案例中先验概率问题的一个简单实用的解决方案

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086519

N. Fenton, D. Lagnado, Christian Dahlman, M. Neil

{"title":"The opportunity prior: a simple and practical solution to the prior probability problem for legal cases","authors":"N. Fenton, D. Lagnado, Christian Dahlman, M. Neil","doi":"10.1145/3086512.3086519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086519","url":null,"abstract":"One of the greatest impediments to the use of probabilistic reasoning in legal arguments is the difficulty in agreeing on an appropriate prior probability for the ultimate hypothesis, (in criminal cases this is normally \"Defendant is guilty of the crime for which he/she is accused\"). Even strong supporters of a Bayesian approach prefer to ignore priors and focus instead on considering only the likelihood ratio (LR) of the evidence. But the LR still requires the decision maker (be it a judge or juror during trial, or anybody helping to determine beforehand whether a case should proceed to trial) to consider their own prior; without it the LR has limited value. We show that, in a large class of cases, it is possible to arrive at a realistic prior that is also as consistent as possible with the legal notion of 'innocent until proven guilty'. The approach can be considered as a formalisation of the 'island problem' whereby if it is known the crime took place on an island when n people were present, then each of the people on the island has an equal prior probability 1/n of having carried out the crime. Our prior is based on simple location and time parameters that determine both a) the crime scene/time (within which it is certain the crime took place) and b) the extended crime scene/time which is the 'smallest' within which it is certain the suspect was known to have been 'closest' in location/time to the crime scene. The method applies to cases where we assume a crime has taken place and that it was committed by one person against one other person (e.g. murder, assault, robbery). The paper considers both the practical and legal implications of the approach. We demonstrate how the opportunity prior probability is naturally incorporated into a generic Bayesian network model that allows us to integrate other evidence about the case.","PeriodicalId":425187,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Methods for retrieving alternative contract language using a prototype 使用原型检索可选契约语言的方法

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086530

Silviu Pitis

引用次数: 2

A logical architecture for dynamic legal interpretation 动态法律解释的逻辑架构

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086525

Juliano Maranhão

引用次数: 8

Supertagging for domain adaptation: an approach with law texts 领域适应的超标注:一种法律文本的处理方法

Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1145/3086512.3086543

Kyoko Sugisaki

引用次数: 1