Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"Opportunities and critical issues related to the use of amendments as sustainable remediation techniques","authors":"Mara Dal Santo, Giuseppe Alberto Prosperi","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-549","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the opportunities and critical issues related to the use of amendments as remediation techniques. The performance of amendments (Aerobic Bioremediation, In Situ Chemical Oxidation and Surfactants) was compared with the performance of other groundwater remediation technologies (Air Sparging, Pump&Treat, Multi-Phase Extraction, Pump&Reinjection, Monitoring Natural Attenuation) based on a dataset of 180 contaminated sites. The considered factors are: effectiveness of the remediation; cost to remediate; operational time; environmental sustainability. The occurrence and types of amendment-related issues analyzed were studied on the 40 sites where the amendments had been applied. Issues occurred in 20% of the 40 analyzed cases and consisted of: a) partial or total occlusion of the monitoring wells and by-product formation, for example heavy metals (5%); b) uncontrolled increase in contaminant concentrations and potential downstream migration (8%); c) byproduct formation without well obstruction (7%). For each critical event, a detailed analysis was conducted to understand the processes (pH-Eh equilibria, contaminant desorption, hydraulic conductivity reduction), to highlight the design and procedural gaps (surplus of amendment, injection method selection, contaminant removal by purge). However, it has been observed that the issues can be avoided or mitigated with an accurate design, pilot tests performance, with the application of delivery and monitoring protocols, and at least with a prompt response adopting a corrective action plan, if necessary. The use of amendments turns out to be an effective solution: in 64% of the analyzed sites, it led to a significative reduction of the contamination within one year from the application. The cost is about one third if compared to the average of the other technologies. The operational time is about half the average operational time of the other technologies. Based on the results of sustainability analysis, amendments technologies reduce the production of waste, energy and water consumption, and they minimize air emissions. Considering the sustainability in its broadest sense (environmental, economic, and temporal), it is possible to state that the remediation by amendments is the most sustainable and would meet the interest of all the stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87114798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric and numerical modeling tools to forecast hydrogeological impacts of a tunnel","authors":"V. Vincenzi, L. Piccinini, A. Gargini, M. Sapigni","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-558","url":null,"abstract":"The project of interest involving a hydroelectrical diversion tunnel through a crystalline rock massif in the Alps required a detailed hydrogeological study to forecast the magnitude of water inflows within the tunnel and possible effects on groundwater flow. The tunnel exhibits a length of 9.5 km and is located on the right side of the Toce River in Crevoladossola (Verbania Province, Piedmont region, northern Italy). Under the geological framework of the Alps, the tunnel is located within the Lower Penninic Nappes in the footwall of the Simplon Normal Fault, and the geological succession is mostly represented by Antigorio gneiss (meta-granites) and Baceno metasediments (metacarbonates). Due to the presence of important mineralized springs for commercial mineral water purposes, the abovementioned hydrogeological study focused on both quantity and quality aspects via rainfall data analysis, monitoring of major spring flow rates, monitoring of hydraulic heads and pumping rates of existing wells/boreholes, hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of springs and boreholes and hydraulic tests (Lefranc and Lugeon). The resulting conceptual model indicated dominant low-permeability (aquitard) behavior of the gneissic rock masses, except under conditions of intense fracturing due to tectonization, and aquifer behavior of the metasedimentary rocks, particularly when interested by dissolution. Groundwater flow systems are mainly controlled by gravity. The springs located near the Toce River were characterized by high mineralization and isotopic ratios, indicating long groundwater flow paths. Based on all the data collected and analyzed, two parametric methods were applied: 1) the Dematteis method, slightly adapted to the case study and the available data, which allows assessment of both potential inflows within the tunnel and potential impacts on springs (codified as the drawdown hazard index; DHI); 2) the Cesano method, which only allows assessment of potential inflows within the tunnel, thereby discriminating between major and minor inflows. Contemporarily, a groundwater flow model was implemented with the equivalent porous medium (EPM) approach in MODFLOW-2000. This model was calibrated under steady-state conditions against the available data (groundwater levels inside wells/piezometers and elevation and flow rate of springs). The Dematteis method was demonstrated to be more reliable and suitable for the site than was the Cesano method. This method was validated considering a tunnel through gneissic rock masses, and this approach considered intrinsic parameters of rock masses more notably than morphological and geomorphological factors were considered. The Cesano method relatively overestimated tunnel inflows, considering variations in the topography and overburden above the tunnel. Sensitivity analysis revealed a low sensitivity of these parametric methods to parameter values, except for the rock quality designation (RQD) employed to represent the fracturin","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88045320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Data, information, knowledge, plans and emergencies: from Law 464/1984 to the PNRR and back]","authors":"P. Cerutti","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-564","url":null,"abstract":"Not available","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72401815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Procedures for the environmental remediation of contaminated sites in Italy: food for thought from the Roundtable at Flowpath 2021 in Naples]","authors":"D. Di Curzio, M. Rotiroti, E. Preziosi","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-562","url":null,"abstract":"[This technical note follows the discussion that took place during the Roundtable on “Experiences and perspectives on groundwater contamination: from characterization to legal implications”, held during the National Conference Flowpath 2021, which was attended by experts in the field of contaminated sites from the academic, professional, and public sectors. This contribution aims at summarizing and discussing the critical points emerged during the Roundtable, starting from the description of the technical-administrative procedure currently required by the Italian legislation and the measures suggested for each phase of the environmental remediation process.]\u0000 \u0000[In Italian]","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90659250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ground Heat Exchange: closed-loop geothermal heat-pump systems, legislation and regulation, needs and opportunities]","authors":"P. Cerutti","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-563","url":null,"abstract":"Not available","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90169465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The groundwater compliance point in contaminated sites between avulsed application practices and difficulties of interpretation]","authors":"A. Sottani, Angelo Merlin","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-548","url":null,"abstract":"[The groundwater Point of Compliance (POC) in contaminated sites represents a strategic tool for directing environmental actions and resource protection criteria, as well as for achieving the ultimate goals of restoration. In this paper, an integrated legal and technical study is proposed, in order to highlight some critical issues relating to the interpretative practice of the national legislation in force, which has become customary in administrative procedures. The specific regulatory system is contextualized by making explicit use of those hydrogeological elements, which govern the development of fate and transport problems in the aquifers. To facilitate understanding of the case, it is considered the international regulatory framework, noting the availability of interesting perspectives, useful at clarifying many of the methodological and operational implications in the environmental remediation process, especially for the compliance point location].\u0000 \u0000[In Italian]","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84723604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating moisture content and hydraulic properties of unsaturated sandy soils of Tiber River (Central Italy): integrating data from calibrated PR2/6 probe and hydraulic property estimator","authors":"Sofia Ortenzi, Martina Mangoni, L. Di Matteo","doi":"10.7343/as-2022-541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-541","url":null,"abstract":"The correct estimation of soil moisture data is essential in soil-water management and estimating the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils. The increased use of Multi-Sensor Capacitance Probes (MCAPs) requires careful calibration. Without accurate calibration, the use of MCAPs leads to incorrect water content estimation, making them of no practical use. This work presents the specific calibration equations for the correct use of the PR2/6 profile probe on sands of different nature. As the iron oxides content of the Tiber River basin sands increases, the calibration lines slope increases, allowing the understanding of the different electromagnetic responses. As for other sands worldwide, sands with high iron oxides content show a relative high specific surface than quartz or calcareous sands, responsible for more adhesive water (e.g., high permittivity values). The water content data are integrated with a hydraulic property estimator allowing the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of soils. Applying the manufacturer equation of the PR2/6 profile probe instead of the specific equation leads to an overestimation of the hydraulic conductivity values up to two orders of magnitude, making therefore rather incorrect the understanding of the phenomena occurring in the unsaturated zone.","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89343148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[In commemoration of Pietro Bruno Celico (1941-2015)]","authors":"A. R. Scalise","doi":"10.7343/as-2021-544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2021-544","url":null,"abstract":"Not available\u0000 \u0000[In Italian]","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"47 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80610067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current rules and laws, good points for the future]","authors":"P. Cerutti","doi":"10.7343/as-2021-546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2021-546","url":null,"abstract":"Not available\u0000 \u0000[In Italian]","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87140190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The 5th National Meeting on Hydrogeology Flowpath 2021, finally face-to-face!]","authors":"D. Ducci","doi":"10.7343/as-2021-543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7343/as-2021-543","url":null,"abstract":"Not available\u0000 \u0000[In Italian]","PeriodicalId":42515,"journal":{"name":"Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77901599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}