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[Bioethics, Human Rights and COVID-19]. [生命伦理、人权和COVID-19]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.30444/CB.60
Vicente Bellver
{"title":"[Bioethics, Human Rights and COVID-19].","authors":"Vicente Bellver","doi":"10.30444/CB.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper present, from a bioethical perspective, a reflection on how to reconcile efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic with the safeguard of human rights. To do this, I develop three points. First, the regulatory framework that justifies the restriction or suspension of rights in the face of serious threats to public health. Second, the declarations of the international bioethics committees on the way in which human rights should be protected during public health crisis. And third, a review of the main rights threatened both by the public health crisis and by the means adopted to combat it. Before going into each of these points, I offer a preliminary note to clarify certain legal concepts and underline the need to overcome disjunctive approaches in considering human rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 102","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38363546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Age limitation to lung transplant recipients. Ethical aspects]. 肺移植受者的年龄限制。道德方面)。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
Juan Pablo Reig Mezquida, Gabriel Sales Badía, Julio Tudela Cuenca
{"title":"[Age limitation to lung transplant recipients. Ethical aspects].","authors":"Juan Pablo Reig Mezquida,&nbsp;Gabriel Sales Badía,&nbsp;Julio Tudela Cuenca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a review of bioethical aspects of limiting patients 65 years or older to lung transplantation. Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option in patients with severe advanced respiratory diseases, progressive despite medical treatment to prolong the expected survival. It is an aggressive surgical treatment, and the patient must complete a lifelong immunosuppressive treatment. Given the donor shortage, access to this treatment is regulated by organ transplant societies, which develop patient selection guidelines. One contraindication to transplantation has been the age of 65 years, sustained by the poor results of older patients and following utilitarian bioethics concept. For the time being there is no unified selection criteria to identify older patients susceptible to have a worse outcome after transplantation. Applying a personalist bioethics, we propose to use selection criteria based on frailty scales to identify those frail patients more likely to die after the transplant procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Robots for care. The ethics of measured action in the face of uncertainty]. 机器人看护。面对不确定性时慎重行动的道德规范]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
Núria Vallès-Peris, Miquel Domènech
{"title":"[Robots for care. The ethics of measured action in the face of uncertainty].","authors":"Núria Vallès-Peris,&nbsp;Miquel Domènech","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond the utopian or dystopian scenarios that accompany the progressive introduction of robots for care in daily environments, their use in the medical field entails controversies that require alternative forms of ethical responsibility. From this general objective, in this article we propose a series of reflections to articulate an ethical framework capable of orienting the introduction and use of robots in the field of health. The presented proposal is developed from a series of considerations about robots and care, as a starting point to develop an ethical framework based on the principle of precaution and measured action. It proposes a non-essentialist conceptualization of robots, that emphasizes their relational and contextual nature, understanding robots as heterogeneous artifacts that are constituted in a network of therapeutic relationships and that mediate our care relationships. This approach has a set of implications, which we articulate around measured action as an ethical proposal. The measured action, in our interpretation, responds to the principle of precaution and is configured through four dimensions: (1) the institutional commitment, (2) which integrates the fears and hopes of all those concerned actors, (3) which is realized carrying out progressive and revocable actions, under continuous monitoring and evaluation, and (4) which incorporates into the design process those actors practicing ″good care″.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Human being and animals: different ontological and legal status]. [人与动物:不同的本体论和法律地位]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
José Justo Megías Quirós
{"title":"[Human being and animals: different ontological and legal status].","authors":"José Justo Megías Quirós","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The different legal status of human being and animals is a consequence of their different ontological status. Human being has dignity, which requires the recognition of rights that ensure a dignified life. The animal lacks dignity, but it must be protected by law, even though it does not have recognized rights. This study focuses on the ontological main differences between human being and animals, differences that nowadays can be tested empirically by the data provided by paleoanthropology. Human rights, based on dignity, are the guarantee that human being can develop exclusive capabilities to their way of being and that animals lack.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Julian Huxley's transhumanism: a new religion for humanity]. [朱利安·赫胥黎的超人类主义:人类的新宗教]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
Rafael Monterde Ferrando
{"title":"[Julian Huxley's transhumanism: a new religion for humanity].","authors":"Rafael Monterde Ferrando","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article some works by Julian Huxley are analyzed with the intention of understanding the meaning that he gave to the word transhumanism. Huxley's intellectual search throughout his work as a scientist and as a humanist led him to transform his idea until he found the right word. The essence of his philosophical and religious concern is that he always looked for ways to transcend the limits of human nature. For the British biologist, the religious-scientific mission that supposes the belief in transhumanism leads to the conviction that the human being will be able to transcend his status as a species in order to concentrate all the fragments of his conscience in a total cosmic self-consciousness that gives fullness to the universal and unique substance of which it is a part.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"71-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Commentary on the case: risk of abortion in susceptible women and socio-family support. Two opposing clinical cases]. [对案件的评论:易受影响妇女的堕胎风险和社会-家庭支助。两个相反的临床案例]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
Antonio Pardo
{"title":"[Commentary on the case: risk of abortion in susceptible women and socio-family support. Two opposing clinical cases].","authors":"Antonio Pardo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The therapeutic proportionality standard: a new content for the best interests standard. 治疗比例标准:最大利益标准的新内容。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
Fermín Jesús González-Melado, María Luisa Di Pietro
{"title":"The therapeutic proportionality standard: a new content for the best interests standard.","authors":"Fermín Jesús González-Melado,&nbsp;María Luisa Di Pietro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The standard of the patient's best interests is the main bioethical standard used in the decision-making process that involves incompetent patients (i.e. neonatology, pediatric patients and incompetent adults). This standard has been widely criticized as being self-destructive, individualistic, vague, unknown, dangerous and open to abuse. With the purpose of defending it, several reforms of this standard have been proposed, especially in the pediatric field. We propose a redefinition of the standard based on two concepts: 1) medical futility as a negative criterion, and 2) the principle of proportionality as a positive criterion. Our work includes a new relationship between concepts in classical moral theology (i.e. ordinary / extraordinary; proportionate / disproportionate) applied to the bioethics of life-sustaining treatments for incompetent patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"19-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Bioethics and spirituality at the end of life]. [生命末期的生命伦理与灵性]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01
Carlos Costa Gomes, Renato da Silveira Borges Neto
{"title":"[Bioethics and spirituality at the end of life].","authors":"Carlos Costa Gomes,&nbsp;Renato da Silveira Borges Neto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding suffering and hope with people - children, youth and adults who die! Being with so many people waited, despaired, cried the lives of parents, children and friends, we will better understand the pain and suffering and spirituality of those at the end of life. With this essay, we intend to raise the reflection of health professionals to experience spirituality in caring for the end-of-life person. Study and hermeneutic analysis based on texts by Daniel Serr)o, Walter Osswald and Filipe Almeida. Results. Medicine and nursing are aware of human finitude, but of a finitude that is not identified with nothingness, emptiness, absence, but an ethic of hope ″(Moltmann, 2012). Bioethics in clinical practice calls for the humanization and spirituality of the dying process. Each sick person calls for a therapeutic response on the horizon of friendship, which refuses, therefore, disagreements generated in the corridors inhabited by moral strangers. Spirituality is also the therapeutic window of a universe that awaits intensity of glances, cuddling with outstretched hands, respect in the dignity that is recognized.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"31 101","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37845890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconceiving bioethical proceduralism: an ontological perspective. 重新认识生命伦理程序主义:一个本体论的视角。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.30444/CB.28
Michael Dominic Taylor
{"title":"Reconceiving bioethical proceduralism: an ontological perspective.","authors":"Michael Dominic Taylor","doi":"10.30444/CB.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.28","url":null,"abstract":"This year marks the 40th anniversary of the Belmont Report that formally ushered in an era of principlism and proceduralism in the field of bioethics, an era which shaped the form of bioethical debate according to the combination of Enlightenment-inspired dualism and Liberal pragmatism characteristic of the United States. While ostensibly seeking to protect the vulnerable in a pluralistic society, in reality, recent critiques have argued, the development of bioethics has been directed at legitimizing the bureaucratization of ethics into a self-referential and isolated instrument for socio-political control. As a result, bioethical proceduralism often subverts the very values it is supposed to defend. These critiques, while valuable, do not reach the heart of the problem, which is rooted in the ontological level. The philosophical heritage of modern bioethics -the ontological presuppositions about human nature, freedom and the supposed ″neutrality″ towards any claims about the good, among others- must be rectified so bioethics may better achieve its stated goals and uphold its own principles. While recounting the entire ontological vision that would undergird such a renewal is beyond the scope of this paper, reconceiving the presuppositions behind the notions of freedom, consensus, and autonomy through an understanding of the human being as a person-in-community constitutively related to others opens a path through which principles and procedures can be preserved, not subverted, within bioethics today.","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"30 99","pages":"135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37075580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Dialectics or Eristics. The Hermeneutic Approach to Biomedical Ethics as a Problem or as a Solution]. 辩证法或物证学。作为问题或解决方案的生物医学伦理学的解释学方法]。
IF 0.5
Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.30444/CB.27
Óscar Vergara Lacalle
{"title":"[Dialectics or Eristics. The Hermeneutic Approach to Biomedical Ethics as a Problem or as a Solution].","authors":"Óscar Vergara Lacalle","doi":"10.30444/CB.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to highlight the conditions in which the hermeneutical approach can make an irreplaceable contribution to biomedical ethics. This contribution is understood in the light of one of the main shortcomings of current methodologies (in this work we will refer basically to Principlism and Casuistics), which ultimately operate as mere chains of transmission of the moral agent's prejudges. Although prejudices cannot be avoided, however, it does not mean that they cannot be overcome, if, with Gadamer, we realize that understanding is in some way directed towards the truth of things. This postulate allows us to connect Gadamerian Hermeneutics with Aristotelian Ethics -something which Gadamer himself does, but only to the effects of defining his notion of understanding- and to try to offer a way out for the aforementioned weakness of current methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"30 99","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37075579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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