Cuadernos de Bioetica最新文献

{"title":"[Reflections derived from report: The Lancet commission on medicine, nazism, and the holocaust: historical evidence, implications for today, teaching for tomorrow].","authors":"Salvador Marí-Bauset","doi":"10.30444/CB.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although, in principle, the Lancet article Commission on Medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust, aims to provide medical students with a moral compass to guide the future of medical practice as a social retaining wall against anti-Semitism, it deals with the Holocaust not from a philosophical point of view, but from a pedagogical one, resorting to didactic strategies from a historiographical approach. What seemed to be a plea against the behaviour of the Nazi doctors' experiments becomes a justification of the positive law of the liberal democracies in use. However, what it ignores is of the utmost importance: that the majority of the regime's doctors were tried and sentenced for their iniquitous actions, and yet, in contemporary Western society, an even greater danger is very much present: techno-science, which, as it stands, can once again compromise the identity, dignity and very life of the human person. Going deeper into the causes, the target of our study, and preventing their repetition means rethinking human nature from the perspective of aristotelian-thomistic thought, which is the basis of the moral laws that derive from the natural law. This moral rearmament supposes assuming, from philosophical realism, the ontological order of being, the anthropological order of being-with, insofar as reason knows as the order of ought to be, which is transmuted into an ethical order thanks to the exercise of the freedom of the human person.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"151-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Children's brains with gender dysphoria. Effects of hormones and puberty blockers on a developing brain. An ethical approach].","authors":"Natalia López Moratalla, Amparo Calleja, María Font","doi":"10.30444/CB.191","DOIUrl":"10.30444/CB.191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there has been a significant increase in minors with gender dysphoria (GD) seeking transition treatments, including puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones. The developing child's brain exhibits structural and functional differences in children with GD compared to cisgender children, particularly in areas where sex differences exist. Brain development during childhood and adolescence is strongly influenced by sex hormones. During puberty, a significant reorganisation of the brain occurs, with changes in grey and white matter affecting cognition, emotional regulation, and socialisation. The administration of puberty blockers interferes with this process, which may have consequences on IQ, working memory,and decision-making. Treatments with puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones have both benefits and risks. Among the benefits, reducing the distress of minors by preventing the irreversible bodily changes of puberty is often cited. However, the risks include decreased bone density, potential impacts on fertility,and alterations in brain development. Recent studies indicate that puberty suppression may affect cognitive functionality and executive functions. The rise in GD diagnoses has raised concerns within the medical community. It has been observed that many minors with GD have a history of adverse childhood experiences, higher rates of anxiety and depression, and, in some cases, diagnoses within the autism spectrum. Additionally, some studies suggest that the surge in gender dysphoria diagnoses among adolescents may be influenced by social factors and exposure to digital networks. In response to the growing controversy over the effects of these treatments, some countries have restricted or banned the use of puberty blockers in minors, citing a lack of solid scientific evidence regarding their long-term safety and effectiveness. From an ethical perspective, concerns have been raised about medical practices not based on scientific evidence, the application of the principle of the child's best interests, and questions regarding minors' capacity to provide informed consent. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of GD is emphasised, considering alternatives that do not involve irreversible medical interventions until the minor reaches sufficient maturity to make fully informed decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"131-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The right to attention at university: Is it reasonable to ban smartphones?]","authors":"Alfonso Ballesteros","doi":"10.30444/CB.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focused attention and shared attention are in crisis, which hinders the achievement of the goals of the university institution. This article reviews the possibility of recognizing a right to attention and concludes that, in this specific context, the best way to recover attention is to prohibit the use of smartphones in class-rooms and libraries. After briefly presenting the advantages of such a ban, the article outlines objections to it, along with a response to each one.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"103-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ai's use in health care and informed consent].","authors":"Carolina Pereira Sáez","doi":"10.30444/CB.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implications of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in many areas of human existence compels us to reflect on its ethical relevance. This paper addresses the signification of its use in healthcare for patient informed consent. To this end, it first proposes an understanding of AI, as well as the basis for informed consent. Next, a fundamental question is briefly addressed: the free condition of the human person, subject both of ethics and Law. The conclusion proposed is that a use of AI respectful to the free nature of persons requires understanding it always as a tool in this case, in the service of healthcare. To ensure this is not a hollow assertion, it must be translated into a demystification of AI: It is necessary to consider and use it not as an authentic subject, a substitute for the person, but as a product or human development, taking into account that, ultimately, it is the human being who designs it and decides to use it and how. One measure that can help prevent AI personification is to ensure human intervention already in the early stages of AI system development. Trying to solve the ethical uncertainties posed by AI by requiring human intervention when the AI system is already developed and making decisions in the real life may be little more than a rubber stamp that purports to endorse what it cannot.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Editor's Note: Ethical use of innovative technologies in biomedical research and healthcare].","authors":"Luis Miguel Pastor","doi":"10.30444/CB.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"91-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[XV International Congress of the Spanish Association of Bioethics and Medical Ethics (AEBI) held in Vigo on September 26 and 27, 2025].","authors":"","doi":"10.30444/CB.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"167-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioethics and human person in the context of emerging technologies].","authors":"Elena Postigo Solana","doi":"10.30444/CB.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the ethical challenges posed by NBIC emerging and converging technologies (na-notechnology, biotechnology, artificial intelligence and information technologies, and cognitive sciences) from the perspective of personalist bioethics. Their biomedical and social applications are described, high-lighting the main values at stake: dignity, life, autonomy, vulnerability, and justice. Finally, guidelines are proposed, inspired by the principles of personalist bioethics: defense of human life, therapeutic totality, responsible freedom, and justice, to ensure that technological development remains at the service of the person and the common good.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 117","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euthanasia and the Media in Spain (2019-2021).","authors":"Rafael Amo Usanos, Mª Carmen Massé García, David Lorenzo Izquierdo, Montserrat Esquerda Aresté","doi":"10.30444/CB.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regulation legal of euthanasia in Spain was preceded by an increase in media coverage. This study conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses of media coverage in the 12 most widely circulated Spanish media outlets between January 2019 and March 2021, immediately before the enactment of the law regulating euthanasia. In total, 281 news articles were examined. About 51.6% of the news articles supported euthanasia, 18.9% opposed it, and 29.5% were neutral. Qualitative analysis revealed a substantial distinction between pro- and anti-euthanasia groups. The semantic field of items in pro-euthanasia articles comprised \"law,\" \"death,\" \"suffering,\" and \"pain.\" In contrast, the semantic field of articles opposing euthanasia comprised \"life,\" \"death,\" \"people/person,\" and \"illness.\" The media predominantly favored euthanasia, albeit offering limited discussion of alternatives, such as palliative care. It is crucial to cultivate an ethical culture that empowers citizens to make end-of-life decisions based on clear-cut principles, rational reasoning, and diverse perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 116","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dialogue in Therapeutic Friendship: Statistics, Risk and Happiness].","authors":"Antonio Pardo Caballos","doi":"10.30444/CB.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is almost universal to express the preventive or harmful health effects of a behavior or a medication as a percentage of variation between the starting situation and the one that considers this added factor. This figure of relative variation, isolated, does not allow us to take into account the relevance of said change, which may be quantitatively small. In the dissemination of health sciences, and especially in the dialogue with the patient, the basis of all preventive or therapeutic advice, relying on or using only this relative figure is misleading. When talking to the patient, he or she must be able to take into account the expected benefits or the risks he or she runs, without percentage reference to another situation, that is, the absolute advantages or dangers, so that a well-founded joint decision can be made. In this dialogue, issues related to the patient's ″lifestyle″ must appear, with due precautionary measures: omission of this can only prevent possible benefits for the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 116","pages":"29-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Towards a notion of narrative from a care perspective].","authors":"Ón Scar Vergara","doi":"10.30444/CB.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30444/CB.182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The narrative phenomenon in bioethics is remarkably broad, and although some have spoken of a turn or a narrative era, it is not very clear, due to this broadness, exactly what it entails. This contribution attempts to highlight how a narratively well focused care perspective is qualified to enhance the level of freedom (and not only autonomy) by which the patient makes his or her decisions. To this end, an idea of narrative consistent with this perspective will first be outlined (ep. II). Then we will examine how illness can arouse a deep encounter of the patient with himself/herself, opening the way to a quest narrative, enabling him/her to integrate this traumatic experience into a new meaning horizon (ep. III). Finally, it is emphasized that the empowerment of the patient's freedom, through a, so to speak, narrative care, prevents abandoning the patient to his own autonomy, while limiting the need to interfere in his decisions (ep. IV).</p>","PeriodicalId":42510,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Bioetica","volume":"36 116","pages":"13-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}