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Regulation and Noncompliance: Magnitudes and Patterns for India's Factories Act 法规与违规:印度工厂法的规模与模式
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6755
U. Chatterjee, R. Kanbur
{"title":"Regulation and Noncompliance: Magnitudes and Patterns for India's Factories Act","authors":"U. Chatterjee, R. Kanbur","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-6755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6755","url":null,"abstract":"Noncompliance with regulations by enterprises is said to be rife in developing countries. Yet there is limited systematic evidence of the magnitude of noncompliance at the enterprise level. Making innovative use of two complementary data sources, this paper quantifies noncompliance for India's Factories Act without the question of illegality ever being raised directly with enterprises. The paper finds that more than twice as many firms are not complying as are complying. Further, the number of noncompliant firms is much larger than the number of firms adjusting out of the regulation. Thus noncompliance with the Factories Act is a key feature of the\"missing middle\"in India. The paper explores the main trends and patterns of noncompliance and highlights a number of key issues for further analytical and policy research.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132911907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Private Industry and the Second Five-Year Plan:The Mundhra Episode as Exemplar of Capitalist Myopia 私营工业与第二个五年计划:作为资本主义短视范例的蒙德拉事件
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-12-15 DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199457595.003.0006
Nasir Tyabji
{"title":"Private Industry and the Second Five-Year Plan:The Mundhra Episode as Exemplar of Capitalist Myopia","authors":"Nasir Tyabji","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199457595.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199457595.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The resignation of T T Krishnamachari from the finance ministership in early 1958 was the culmination of three developments evolving concurrently. The first was the M C Chagla Commission of Enquiry Report, which ultimately led to Jawaharlal Nehru accepting Krishnamachari’s resignation. The second, the “Mundhra episode” was media managed with the encouragement of industrial interests who found that the controls established as part of the industrialisation drive accompanying the Second Five-Year Plan made serious and unacceptable inroads in private capitalist decision-making. The third development involved social engineering, a concerted effort to push the bearers of merchant and usurer capital towards industrial capitalist norms. This paper, based on contemporary records, argues that the more profound reasons for Krishnamachari’s fall was the “Rama Rau affair” of late 1956. It holds that the institutional subordination of the Reserve Bank of India was intended to mould monetary policy to the requirements of industrial development. It concludes that Krishnamachari tripped in attempting to coerce street-smart businessmen in control of industry to behave like true industrialists.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130290764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Exchange Rate Variation in Defence Contracts in India: Charting a Way Forward for MoD Beyond the New MoF Memorandum 印度国防合同的汇率变化:在新的财政部备忘录之后为国防部绘制前进道路
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-11-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2360812
Sandeep Verma
{"title":"Exchange Rate Variation in Defence Contracts in India: Charting a Way Forward for MoD Beyond the New MoF Memorandum","authors":"Sandeep Verma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2360812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2360812","url":null,"abstract":"Recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee saw increased advocacy by certain sections of the Indian industry for exchange rate protection in government contracts, and one occasion, for incorporating the same in the Public Procurement Bill that was recently placed by the Government before the Parliament. This short academic note analyses industry demands and reviews existing regulations in IT and defence procurement markets, culminating with suggestions on a possible way forward for reforms that can avoid certain adverse implications of industry demands, particularly in view of their potential conflict with important national public policies fostering indigenisation and domestic manufacturing in India.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115517738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tax Auditing as a Public Good Game: An Experimental Study on Punishment and Compliance 税务审计作为一种公共产品博弈:惩罚与合规的实验研究
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0106.12034
Li‐Chen Hsu
{"title":"Tax Auditing as a Public Good Game: An Experimental Study on Punishment and Compliance","authors":"Li‐Chen Hsu","doi":"10.1111/1468-0106.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12034","url":null,"abstract":"Prior experimental studies on tax evasion generally assume that the budget and the probability of audit are exogenously given, and ignore taxpayers' incentives to detect evasion and their compliance behaviour under such incentives. The experimental evidence of the present paper shows that, on average, subjects are willing to spend 20 to 30% of their tax revenue on auditing. Compliance is also greatly improved if subjects can determine the budget and, hence, the probability of audit. These findings suggest that taking taxpayers' incentives to detect evasion into consideration is important for the design of compliance‐improvement audit schemes.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126805944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Industrial Policy in the African Context 非洲背景下的产业政策
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6633
J. Stiglitz, J. Lin, Célestin Monga, Ebrahim Patel
{"title":"Industrial Policy in the African Context","authors":"J. Stiglitz, J. Lin, Célestin Monga, Ebrahim Patel","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-6633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6633","url":null,"abstract":"After long suffering from benign neglect if not outright contempt, industrial policy is almost fashionable again. The global financial and economic crisis known as the Great Recession has forced researchers and policy makers to confront the reality that market forces alone generally do not lead to (constrained) Pareto-efficient outcomes. Many important national and global policy objectives (equality of opportunity for all citizens, financial stability and inclusion, environmental protection and pollution control, etc.) are simply often not reflected in market prices and not achieved by markets on their own. In addition to traditional justification for industrial policies -- dealing with externalities and coordination issues—economists and policy makers now acknowledge the need to foster learning at the level of each economic agent and throughout society and the ultimate responsibility that the state must bear in that crucial process. But converting the now widely accepted theoretical principles of industrial policy into practical frameworks for concrete government action is indeed a daunting task everywhere and perhaps more so in the African context where the institutional underpinnings of effective government are often not as strong as one might have hoped. This essay highlights the intellectual foundations and broad principles of good industrial policy, outlines the contours of the policy agenda, and fleshes out the lessons learned. It argues that there has been substantial progress on the understanding and acceptance of industrial policy and that Africa could benefit enormously from it and from the unprecedented new opportunities brought to light by a multipolar world.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132017238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Myths and Realities of Innovative China: The Case of Haier Company 创新中国的神话与现实——以海尔公司为例
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-09-05 DOI: 10.5296/BER.V3I2.3961
F. Kayani, Saquib Yusaf Janjua, Babar Wasim
{"title":"Myths and Realities of Innovative China: The Case of Haier Company","authors":"F. Kayani, Saquib Yusaf Janjua, Babar Wasim","doi":"10.5296/BER.V3I2.3961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/BER.V3I2.3961","url":null,"abstract":"It is well recognized phenomenon that innovations are a strategic weapon for economic growth and have played an important role in industrialization process of developing countries. Because of the conventional thought that China produces sub-standard goods; the term innovative China sounds like a myth. In reality China has made tremendous progress in producing innovated goods. To support this view, in this paper, we have thoroughly discussed the case of Haier Company. Haier is one of the very successful stories of Chinese companies which absorbed the foreign technology and climbed up the technological ladder. This case of Haier supports our notion of innovation philosophy behind success of world renown Chinese companies.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125505684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Broadband Internet and Crisis Economy in China 中国宽带互联网与危机经济
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-08-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2311123
Yu Hong
{"title":"Broadband Internet and Crisis Economy in China","authors":"Yu Hong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2311123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2311123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, in contrast, seeks to contextualize the conditions, motivations, processes, and dilemmas of building a broadband-based information economy, underscoring the collusion between the state and capital and their limitations. How does the state concerned with domestic interests articulate with a global political economy of information in terms of broadband development? How does the broadband Internet fit within and modify power dynamics in the telecom market? And what measures have been taken to make broadband commercially viable and socially responsible, with what limitations?","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122052195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the Global to the National Cycle: An Intricate Liaison 从全球周期到国家周期:一个复杂的联系
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0106.12030
M. Kose, Prakash Loungani, Marco E. Terrones
{"title":"From the Global to the National Cycle: An Intricate Liaison","authors":"M. Kose, Prakash Loungani, Marco E. Terrones","doi":"10.1111/1468-0106.12030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the linkages between the global business cycle and national cycles. We first analyse the evolution of the global business cycle and present its main properties during global recessions and recoveries. We then consider how the sensitivity of national cycles to the global cycle varies over different phases of the global cycle and depends on country-specific features. Our findings collectively portray an intricate liaison between the global business cycle and national cycles. National business cycles are tightly linked to the global cycle, but the sensitivity of national cycles to the global cycle is much higher during global recessions than expansions. There are significant differences across countries in how they respond to the global cycle as advanced economies appear to be more sensitive to global recessions than are developing economies. Moreover, countries tend to be more sensitive to the global cycle, the more integrated they are to the global economy.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134512110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Impact of Firms' Clustering on Export Performance of the Constituent Units: A Study of Brassware Manufacturing Firms in Jamnagar 企业集群对组成单位出口绩效的影响——以贾姆纳格尔铜器制造企业为例
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.12966/JMDR.07.02.2013
Shivangi Singh, P. Chugan
{"title":"Impact of Firms' Clustering on Export Performance of the Constituent Units: A Study of Brassware Manufacturing Firms in Jamnagar","authors":"Shivangi Singh, P. Chugan","doi":"10.12966/JMDR.07.02.2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12966/JMDR.07.02.2013","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial clusters are increasingly being viewed as channels for economic growth both at the country level and as sources of enhanced performance at the firm-level by strengthening the agglomerated firms and providing them a platform to access global markets more successfully. Previous studies in the field of firm-level export performance have sought to ascertain several important determinants of export performance however, giving little attention to the effect of clustering towards the same. Hence, the current study empirically attempts to examine the effect of clustering on firm-export performance and highlighting the significant advantages that the management of these units could leverage via the cluster initiatives. The study draws its sample from the brass-ware manufacturing cluster comprised of small and medium sized exporting firms operating in Jamnagar region of Gujarat, India.Note: The full paper is uploaded for the ready reference of the researchers. The copyright of the paper rests with the publishers who have made full paper available on the internet. For the commercial use of this paper permission from the publisher is needed.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133725573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
International Competition and Industrial Evolution: Evidence from the Impact of Chinese Competition on Mexican Maquiladoras 国际竞争与产业演化:来自中国竞争对墨西哥加工厂影响的证据
Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 2013-06-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2285376
Hâle Utar, Luis B. Torres-Ruiz
{"title":"International Competition and Industrial Evolution: Evidence from the Impact of Chinese Competition on Mexican Maquiladoras","authors":"Hâle Utar, Luis B. Torres-Ruiz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2285376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2285376","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of the competition between two South locations (Mexico and China) in a Northern market (US) are analyzed. By employing a plant-level data set that covers the universe of Mexican export processing plants (maquiladoras) from 1990 to 2006 and relying on an instrumental variable strategy that exploits exogenous intensification of Chinese imports in the world in conjunction with the WTO accession of China, the empirical analysis reveals a substantial effect of intensified Chinese competition on maquiladoras. In particular, competition from China has a negative and significant impact on employment and plant growth, both through the intensive and the extensive margin. As the negative impact is stronger on the most unskilled labor intensive sectors, it triggers significant sectoral reallocation. Suggestive evidence on industrial upgrading among maquiladoras in response to competition with China is also provided. Overall the results provide additional insight into the way low-wage competition shapes the evolution of industries.","PeriodicalId":424970,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Economics: Industrial Policy & Regulation eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121508088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 127
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