International Journal of Economic Sciences最新文献_第5页

Impact of Institutional Quality on Trade Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan 制度质量对巴基斯坦中小企业贸易绩效的影响

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.55603/jes.v1i1.a3

Muhammad Fahad Khan, Muhammad Imran Khan, Kamran Abbas Naqvi

{"title":"Impact of Institutional Quality on Trade Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Fahad Khan, Muhammad Imran Khan, Kamran Abbas Naqvi","doi":"10.55603/jes.v1i1.a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v1i1.a3","url":null,"abstract":"The trade economy is dependent upon the institutional quality of the country. It affects the ease of doing business in the economy. It is plausible to think that, how institutional quality can affect the trading performance of Pakistan. Small & medium enterprises (SMEs) are playing the role of the backbone of the trade sector in Pakistan. Contribution SMEs can be significantly improved, by improving the supporting macroeconomic indicators. This paper studies the short-run and the long-run association between SME trade growth and cost of production, relative prices, and Institutional quality in Pakistan. It also examines the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, between SME trade growth and institutional quality in Pakistan. This study utilizes secondary data, which is taken from multiple secondary sources, including the SMEDA, Pakistan Economic Survey, and world development indicators. The biannual data is assembled up for 38 observations from (2000 to 2019). This study uses Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound testing method to examine the short run and long run connections between SMEs’ trade growth and macro-economic variables, like; relative prices, Cost of production. Gross Domestic Product, exchange rate, and institutional quality. These variables are selected from the available literature. The study finds that the short-run response of SMEs trade is not significant, but it significantly responds to macro-economic indicators in long run. The institutional quality has a non-linear relationship with SMEs trade growth. This indicates that the pollution heaven hypothesis holds valid even for the case of institutional quality and SMEs trading performance. The study focuses on the optimality of institutional quality for the optimal performance level of SMEs in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86473294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Women Empowerment on Fertility Preferences in Pakistan 巴基斯坦妇女赋权对生育偏好的影响

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.55603/jes.v1i1.a2

Naeem Akram

{"title":"Impact of Women Empowerment on Fertility Preferences in Pakistan","authors":"Naeem Akram","doi":"10.55603/jes.v1i1.a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/jes.v1i1.a2","url":null,"abstract":"Reproduction is an important aspect of a women's life, unfortunately in Pakistan fertility rates are quite high in comparison to other developing countries as well as in comparison to the other South Asian countries. Different studies have suggested that women empowerment can help reduce fertility rates. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of women empowerment along with other socioeconomic indicators on three different dimensions of the fertility behavior i.e. number of children born (current fertility status), ideal number of children and birth intervals (future fertility status. Data of Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13 has been used. The analysis consists of two levels, at level one a descriptive analysis is carried out. As three different aspects of fertility are the count data. Therefore at the next stage models will be estimated by using poison regression technique and Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) are reported. It has been found that women’s being empowered in financial matters, seeking health care and in household decision making are helpful in reducing fertility. Furthermore, participation in job by women, living in urban areas, having secondary or higher education, access to awareness created by the media, married at higher age are also significant factors in reducing fertility. However, women facing incidence of miscarriage or death of a child tends to increase the fertility. Study had found that wealth of the household, education of husband and having sons have very limited role on the fertility behavior.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78171048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Study of Intertemporal Discounting According to Age Groups 基于年龄组的跨期折扣研究

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.008

Jiří Rotschedl

{"title":"Study of Intertemporal Discounting According to Age Groups","authors":"Jiří Rotschedl","doi":"10.52950/es.2021.10.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2021.10.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the topic of intertemporal discounting of individuals according to age groups. Using the sample of examined individuals, it aims to verify the hypothesis that the patience of individuals decreases with their increasing age. The study included a total of 599 individuals with an average age of 38.3 years (min. 16 and max. 82 years) who answered classical questions focused on time discounting and impulsive behaviour. In total, four possible scenarios were analysed: a small reward (CZK 100) with a delay of 1 day, a small reward with a delay of 1 month, a large reward (CZK 100,000) with a delay of 1 day and a large reward with a delay of 1 month. The delayed reward was always increased by 10% (i.e., CZK 110 or CZK 110,000). The basic hypothesis was that with increasing age, the subjective discount rate increases i.e., patience decreases. The above-mentioned 4 scenarios were evaluated for the hypotheses, while only three of the four scenarios were confirmed for all hypotheses. The results in the examined individuals suggest that with increasing age, there is a decrease in patience and at the same time a decrease in impulsive behaviour. These findings may have an overlap in consumption or savings in relation to the aging population.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Causal Impact of the Rapid Czech Interest Rate Hike on the Czech Exchange Rate Assessed by the Bayesian Structural Time Series Model 用贝叶斯结构时间序列模型评估捷克快速加息对捷克汇率的因果影响

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.001

Ondřej Bednář

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the Approach of the Czech National Bank and the European Central Bank to the Effects of the Global Financial Crisis 捷克国家银行和欧洲央行应对全球金融危机影响的方法比较

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.002

Andrea Čečrdlová

{"title":"Comparison of the Approach of the Czech National Bank and the European Central Bank to the Effects of the Global Financial Crisis","authors":"Andrea Čečrdlová","doi":"10.52950/es.2021.10.2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2021.10.2.002","url":null,"abstract":"The latest global crisis, which fully erupted in 2008, can have a significant impact on central banks credibility in the long run. During the last crisis, monetary authorities encountered zero interest rate levels and, as a result, started to use non-standard monetary policy instruments. The Czech National Bank decided to use a less standard instrument in November 2013, when it started to intervene on the foreign exchange market in order to keep the Czech currency at level 27 CZK / EUR. However, the European Central Bank also adopted a non-standard instrument, when chose a path of quantitative easing in 2015 in order to support the euro area economy by purchasing financial assets. The question remains whether the approach of Czech National Bank or the approach of European Central Bank in the crisis and post-crisis period was a more appropriate alternative. With the passage of time from the global financial crisis, it is already possible to compare the approaches of these two central banks and at least partially assess what approach was more appropriate under the given conditions. When comparing the central banks approaches to the crisis, the Czech National Bank was better, both in terms of the rate of interest rate cuts and the resulting inflation with regard to the choice of a non-standard monetary policy instrument. The recent financial crisis has revealed the application of moral hazard in practice, both on behalf of the European Central Bank and the Czech National Bank, which may have a significant impact on their credibility and independence in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42514458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

TOWARDS THE CONSTRIBUTION OF ECONOMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS SCIENTIFIC NEIGHBORS. The case of a legal scholarship 论经济学对其邻近科学发展的贡献。法律奖学金的案例

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.009

D. Tříska

{"title":"TOWARDS THE CONSTRIBUTION OF ECONOMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS SCIENTIFIC NEIGHBORS. The case of a legal scholarship","authors":"D. Tříska","doi":"10.52950/es.2021.10.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52950/es.2021.10.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"In Tříska (2017) have been suggested ways how legal scholarship (LS) may contribute to the development of economics - economic theory (ET). The objective of the present article is to corroborate a reverse know how transfer, i.e. from ET to LS. Its method is thus primarily derived from how micro-economics approaches the institution of a homo economicus.\u0000The articles objective is to show under what conditions can this economic method be expanded and generalized so as to open ways for its application upon neighboring disciplines of societal studies. The outcome of this endeavor– for want of a better term - is presented under the label of a General Theory of Choice and Behavior (GTCB). \u0000Moreover, it is argued that – under the umbrella of GTCB – the disciplines can establish their genuine scientific underpinning and hence also absorb a formalized analytical tool-kit. For concreteness, this conclusion is illustrated for legal scholarship, namely its concept a contract to be strictly taken in the economics sense of a collective choice.\u0000On the highest level of generalization, the article should be understood as a response to the seminal Elinor Ostrom’s call for an agreement amongst societal scholars upon universally acceptable analytical building blocks. \u0000","PeriodicalId":42415,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48569267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multilevel research of migration with a focus on internal migration 以内部迁移为重点的多层次迁移研究

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.005

Lucie Kureková

引用次数: 5

Ambiguous effects of minimum wage tool of labour markets regulation – key study of V4 countries 劳动力市场监管中最低工资工具的模糊效应——对V4国家的关键研究

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.004

E. Jašová

引用次数: 6

The Optimum Allocation of Consumption of the Fisherian Shipwrecked Sailors 渔业海难水手消费的最优配置

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.007

Pavel Potužák

引用次数: 1

EFFECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE IN GROWTH ACCOUNTING AND LABOUR MARKET DECOMPOSITIONS 人口结构对增长核算和劳动力市场分解的影响

IF 2.4

International Journal of Economic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.52950/es.2021.10.2.006

P. Maleček

引用次数: 1