R. Nogueira, A. Teixeira, I. Abe, J. D. da Rocha, J. Pinto
{"title":"Self-pumped wide range wavelength converter","authors":"R. Nogueira, A. Teixeira, I. Abe, J. D. da Rocha, J. Pinto","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159464","url":null,"abstract":"A new broadband orthogonal pump (BOP) four wave mixing (FWM) wavelength conversion scheme was demonstrated. The implemented set up shown conversion efficiencies higher than -20 dB and with less than 3 dB variation, for different conversion wavelengths. It is also more stable and cost effective when comparing to other BOP FWM wavelength conversion techniques, due to the reduction of the number of devices needed. The tunability of the HiBi fibre ring cavity Bragg grating structure (FBGS) along with the bit-error rate measurements for this wavelength converter is under investigation and will be reported.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmission uniformity of diffractive parallel optical interconnect relays: a numerical analysis based on rigorous coupled wave theory","authors":"C. Alleyne, A. Kirk","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159600","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optical interconnects have been proposed as a possible solution to the interconnection bottleneck in high performance electronic systems at the board-to-board and chip-to-chip level. The optical design is shown of a VCSEL-based bi-directional optical interconnect system that has recently been implemented This clustered optical system transmits 256 channels in each direction and is based on a diffractive double minilens relay. The relay lenses have a square aperture of 750 /spl mu/m, a focal length of 8.5 mm, 256 phase levels and operate at a wavelength of 850 nm. Each lens relays a 4 /spl times/ 4 spot array on a 125 /spl mu/m pitch. This system was originally designed using scalar diffraction theory and so it was assumed that the diffraction efficiency is a function only of the number of phase levels in the lenses and is thus identical for all beams in the array. However since each beam within the 4 /spl times/ 4 array passes through a different set of zones in the lenses and since the outer zones of the lenses have smaller local periods than the central zones the diffraction efficiency experienced by each beam will not be identical, leading to transmission non-uniformity. In this paper we will apply rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) to this optical system design in order to accurately determine the efficiency of the minilens as a function of the zone radius and hence calculate the variation in transmission efficiency that will result. We will also extend this analysis to faster diffractive optical systems (f/3.7) that relay larger (16 /spl times/ 16) spot arrays and investigate polarization dependence.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125201748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cryan, Ian J. Craddock, Siyuan Yu, C. Railton, J. Rorison
{"title":"Analysis of losses in 2D photonic crystal waveguides using the 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method","authors":"M. Cryan, Ian J. Craddock, Siyuan Yu, C. Railton, J. Rorison","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159408","url":null,"abstract":"The 3D FDTD method is used to obtain loss versus hole depth in a 2D photonic crystal waveguide by simulating two different length guides. The transmission results are validated against published measured data. Good agreement between measured and simulated data is obtained for a mini-stop band of the PC WG. Intrinsic loss has been extracted from different length guides and an estimate of the lower bound of waveguide loss has been made.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122487260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low intensity laser therapy and pain relief","authors":"G. Baxter","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1134021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1134021","url":null,"abstract":"The first clinical observations of the potential analgesic benefits of laser therapy were found to be associated with successful treatment of chronic wounds: i.e. as the wound resolved, so did any concomitant pain. Production of pain relief in such circumstances is perhaps unsurprising given the type of pain, (i.e. nociceptive pain), which would reasonably be expected to be alleviated as the lesion is successfully treated. However, laser therapy has found application in the treatment of a variety of painful conditions syndromes, beyond simple nociceptive pain. In attempting to explain the observed benefits in these cases, alternative mechanisms of action need to be considered.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131129756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sungyong Jung, Jae-Hyeung Park, Heejin Choi, Byoungho Lee
{"title":"Implementation of wide-view integral 3D imaging using polarization switching","authors":"Sungyong Jung, Jae-Hyeung Park, Heejin Choi, Byoungho Lee","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133903","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Many three-dimensional (3D) display systems have been proposed, most of which are based on the stereoscopic technique to utilize binocular disparity as a depth cue. Integral imaging is one of the most attractive autostereoscopic techniques for displaying true 3D images. However, the limitation of viewing angle is one of the main bottlenecks. In general, the viewing angle in integral imaging depends on the physical properties of the elemental lens in an array. To overcome this problem, the idea of viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging using lens switching has been proposed, but its real implementation was limited because the lens switching was performed by a mechanical method. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate new methods to enhance the viewing angle of integral imaging by a non-mechanical scheme using polarization switching.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121769033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Shimizu, C. Setiagung, M. Ariga, K. Kumada, T. Hama, N. Ueda, N. Iwai, A. Kasukawa
{"title":"1.3 /spl mu/m-band low threshold GaInNAsSb quantum well lasers","authors":"H. Shimizu, C. Setiagung, M. Ariga, K. Kumada, T. Hama, N. Ueda, N. Iwai, A. Kasukawa","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133977","url":null,"abstract":"1.3 /spl mu/m-range GaInNAsSb quantum well lasers that include small amount of Sb as the composition were confirmed to increase the critical thickness at which the growth mode changes from the 2-dimentional (2-D) growth to the 3-dimentional (3-D) growth. By adopting GaNAs barriers instead of GaAs barriers, we obtained the very low Jth of 160A/cm/sup 2//well up to 5QWs. We applied this material to the VCSELs, and the obtained threshold currents of 10ch-arrays are as uniform as 1.85/spl plusmn/0.15mA at 25/spl deg/C.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115160889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parametric amplification driven by orthogonal pump waves in birefringent fibers","authors":"C. McKinstrie, S. Radic, C. Xie","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159398","url":null,"abstract":"All fiber-optic communication systems need optical amplifiers to compensate for fiber loss. One could use parametric amplifiers, which use four-wave mixing (FWM) to amplify the signals. Not only can parametric amplifiers provide broad-bandwidth, low-noise amplification at arbitrary wavelengths, they can also conjugate the signals and convert their wavelengths. For most signal frequencies the dominant FWM process is phase conjugation (PC), in which two pump photons, one from each pump wave, combine to produce one signal photon (s) and one idler photon (i). By tuning the pump frequencies judiciously, one can produce uniform gain over a practical bandwidth. However, the signal gain associated with parallel pump waves depends sensitively on the polarization of the input signal. Because transmission fibers are not polarization-maintaining, practical amplifiers must operate on signals with arbitrary polarizations. The properties of PC in such fibers should be intermediate between those of PC driven by parallel pumps, which was discussed in previous papers, and PC driven by orthogonal pumps, which is discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133466703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Component modeling for an integrated digital pixel","authors":"W. Robinson, G.E. Triplett, D. Wills","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133906","url":null,"abstract":"Future portable imaging products can benefit from the integration of a detector, analog-to-digital converter, digital processing, and data storage within a single chip. One approach combines these components into a processing element that can be tiled into a focal plane processor (FPP) array. Silicon area tradeoffs among the detector, analog interface, processing, and storage can influence system performance. This paper presents a technique that combines area models for each component of the tiled cell to evaluate system implementation alternatives for a 650mm/sup 2/ FPP array with Quad-CIF (176 /spl times/ 144) resolution. A pixel design tool enables comparisons of architectural design choices such as fill factor and data storage. Reducing data storage can increase fill factor. However, this sacrifices versatility in the application suite. Future work includes the development of performance models of each component based upon its physical implementation in silicon.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133636473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. Booth, M. Atature, G. Di Giuseppe, A. Sergienko, B. Saleh, M. Teich
{"title":"Counterpropagating entangled photons in a periodically poled nonlinear waveguide","authors":"M. C. Booth, M. Atature, G. Di Giuseppe, A. Sergienko, B. Saleh, M. Teich","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1133929","url":null,"abstract":"Entangled photons, which may be generated through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a crystal with /spl chi//sup (2)/ nonlinearity, have long been in the spotlight for quantum-optics experiments. The generation of entangled photons by quasi-phase matching (QPM) in lithium niobate offers the promise of increased photon-pair production and, with the integration of a waveguide structure, control of the spatial characteristics of the down-converted photons. It turns out that the use of a waveguide structure, in conjunction with periodic poling to achieve quasi-phase matching, offers another critically important feature: the possibility of generating counterpropagating signal and idler photons. We consider the conditions required for generating counterpropagating photon beams and explore some of the unique properties of this source of light using a periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133939695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflectometric measurements of PMD parameters in long single-mode fibers","authors":"A. Galtarossa, L. Palmieri","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2002.1159429","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry is an effective tool for the analysis of birefringence properties of long single-mode fibers. In this paper, we review its theory and the main experimental results. Until now, all the experimental results confirm that linear birefringence is a random process, very well described by the Wai-Menyuk model. Moreover, in some cases experimental evidences of circular birefringence, induced by constant twist-rate, were found.","PeriodicalId":423869,"journal":{"name":"The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}