Joel Omar González-Cantero, Roberto Oropeza Tena, Reyna Jazmín Martínez Arriaga
{"title":"Positive and cognitive behavioral intervention to control HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study","authors":"Joel Omar González-Cantero, Roberto Oropeza Tena, Reyna Jazmín Martínez Arriaga","doi":"10.21615/cesp.7031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7031","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Mexican population is 12 %. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is the most important indicator of control of this disease, so it is required to develop psychological interventions to help people to control HbA1c. Objective: develop and evaluate a positive and cognitive behavioral intervention to control HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: eleven patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG; n = 6) or control group (CG; n = 5). The intervention consisted of 12 weekly sessions. Self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism were measured with the Diabetes Treatment Self-Efficacy Instrument, Adult Hope Scale, Mexican Resilience Scale, and Life Orientation Test, respectively, along with an assessment of HbA1c, after intervention, and at a three-month follow-up. Results: clinically significant improvements on HbA1c after intervention (g = 0.426) and follow-up (g = 0.749), improvements in self-efficacy after intervention (g = 1.168) and follow-up (g = 0.873) were identified in EG. Discussion: clinically favorable, but not statistically significant, effects of the intervention were discussed; in addition, the role of study variables in HbA1c control is discussed. Conclusions: positive and cognitive behavioral intervention is a promising alternative to improve HbA1c and self-efficacy in people with T2DM. Thus, it is advisable to conduct further evaluation with randomized controlled trials.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" 59","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florencia Stelzer, M. Andrés, Ana Comesaña, Lorena Canet-Juric, S. Urquijo
{"title":"Perfil cognitivo de estudiantes con diferente nivel de conocimiento de las fracciones","authors":"Florencia Stelzer, M. Andrés, Ana Comesaña, Lorena Canet-Juric, S. Urquijo","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6544","url":null,"abstract":"La comprensión de las fracciones representa un paso clave para el progresivo aprendizaje de las matemáticas. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar factores cognitivos y conocimientos matemáticos previos que permitan diferenciar y caracterizar a estudiantes de cuarto año del nivel primario que presenten dificultades, respecto de aquellos que se destaquen en la comprensión de las fracciones. Se seleccionó por disponibilidad a una muestra de 135 estudiantes de cuarto año de la educación primaria de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (66 mujeres; M edad= 9.3; DE=0.42). Se consideraron como variables predictoras las capacidades de memoria de trabajo verbal y visoespacial, inhibición perceptual, inteligencia fluida y división de números naturales. Para alcanzar el objetivo se establecieron dos grupos de estudiantes que representaban los niveles extremos en la comprensión de las fracciones: (a) grupo con dificultades en la comprensión (n=35), compuesto por estudiantes con puntuaciones iguales o inferiores a p25 en una tarea de fracciones; y (b) grupo que se destaca en la comprensión (n=39), conformado por estudiantes que presentan puntuaciones iguales o superiores a p75 en dicha tarea. La función discriminante indicó que ambos grupos de alumnos se caracterizan por presentar rendimientos diferenciales en las capacidades de inteligencia fluida, memoria de trabajo y división. De estas variables, la inteligencia mostró la mayor contribución para la discriminación de los grupos, seguida por la capacidad de división y memoria de trabajo. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la enseñanza de las fracciones.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Portilho Carvalho, Otília Monteiro Fernandes, Inês Carvalho Relva
{"title":"Cyberbullying, Personalidade e Sintomatologia Psicopatológica em Adolescentes e Jovens Adultos","authors":"Teresa Portilho Carvalho, Otília Monteiro Fernandes, Inês Carvalho Relva","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6389","url":null,"abstract":"O cyberbullying parece ter impacto sobre a saúde mental, das vítimas e dos agressores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre as duas formas de cyberbullying: vitimização (medido através do Cybervictimization Questionnaire - CYVIC) e a agressão (medido através do Cyber-aggression Questionnaire- CYBA), traços de personalidade (medidos através do Ten Item Personality Inventory- TIPI) e sintomatologia psicopatológica (medida através do Brief Symptom Inventory- BSI). A amostra foi constituída por 553 adolescentes e jovens adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 30 anos. Os resultados sugerem que 59.7% (n= 330) dos participantes foram alvos de pelo menos um comportamento de cyberbullying e 21.0% (n= 116) praticaram pelo menos um comportamento. Por último, verificou-se um efeito preditor positivo das dimensões psicoticismo, sensibilidade interpessoal, somatização e ideação paranoide sobre a cibervitimização, assim como um efeito preditor negativo da dimensão extroversão e positivo da dimensão amabilidade sobre a ciberagressão. Destaca-se a necessidade de trabalhar sobre a prevenção destes comportamentos, tendo em consideração os impactos que estes têm sobre a saúde mental, devendo a investigação, a prevenção e a intervenção focar-se em estudar e trabalhar com todos os intervenientes destes comportamentos.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47644925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expectativas hacia el alcohol, dificultades de regulación emocional y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: modelo explicativo","authors":"F. Castro-Ochoa, Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6562","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivos: Identificar la relación de las expectativas hacia el alcohol (EA), las dificultades de regulación emocional (DRE) y el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, y establecer su predictibilidad. Método: Estudio predictivo de corte transversal. Muestra conformada por 538 adolescentes (61.2% mujeres y 38.8% hombres) de entre 13 a 18 años (M= 16.33; DE= 0.95) de Ecuador. Resultados: La presencia de EA tanto positivas como negativas son moderadas, el 70.3% de los participantes presentan DRE en niveles considerados de riesgo; mientras que el consumo de alcohol es bajo. Se confirma la relación de las EA (positivas y negativas) y las DERS (impulsividad y sin estrategias) con el consumo de alcohol, de ahí que las EA y las DERS son predictores (R2= .326) del consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: Las EA y las DERS explican de manera conjunta y complementaria la práctica del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes; en particular, las creencias y valoraciones de los efectos del alcohol, sean positivos o negativos, más las dificultades en algunos procesos de regulación emocional, como la falta de estrategias específicas de control emocional y la impulsividad, inciden y direccionan las conductas de consumo de alcohol en esta población.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia Regina De Souza, Gabriele Gris, Jonas Gamba, Maria Luiza F. da Rocha, João dos Santos Carmo
{"title":"Adapted digital domino game: Teaching multiplication to children","authors":"Silvia Regina De Souza, Gabriele Gris, Jonas Gamba, Maria Luiza F. da Rocha, João dos Santos Carmo","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6473","url":null,"abstract":"Developing and evaluating additional tools for teaching Mathematics, such as games, can contribute to improving student engagement and, consequently, their performance. This study evaluated the effects of an adapted digital domino game, based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm, developed for teaching relationships between numerals (A), sets of dots (B), and multiplication operations with numbers (C) and in a scale format (D). Five children with low performance in solving multiplication operations participated. Numeral naming skills, set naming skills, and multiplication operations were assessed in the Pretest. Then, ABBA, ACCA, and DCCD relationships were taught and BCCB, ADDA, and DBBD relationships were tested. Probes were performed throughout the study. Categorized behavior records assessed usability and engagement in the game. All participants learned the relationships taught and showed the emergence of the tested relationships, and an increase in the percentage of correct answers for the operations in the two formats and with unknowns in the three different positions.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45671441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús Guillermo Banquez Mendoza, Marina Begoña Martínez-González, José Amar Amar
{"title":"Legitimación de la violencia en adolescentes afrodescendientes víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano","authors":"Jesús Guillermo Banquez Mendoza, Marina Begoña Martínez-González, José Amar Amar","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6181","url":null,"abstract":"Las prácticas violentas de los adolescentes obedecen en muchos casos a secuelas causadas por problemáticas como el desplazamiento forzado y factores socioculturales que hacen de la violencia una conducta cotidiana. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el modo como los adolescentes afrodescendientes escolarizados del municipio de San Onofre, víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia, afrontan los conflictos en sus relaciones cotidianas y si en ese proceso legitiman el uso de la violencia. Con este propósito se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, transversal causal, de grupos no equivalentes con múltiples covariables, apoyado en un videojuego que simula situaciones de conflicto en las que se evalúan: decisiones de resolución, mecanismos de desconexión moral, expectativa sobre los adultos y escenarios de violencia. Los hallazgos evidencian que los participantes priorizan el diálogo como alternativa de solución de los conflictos; la edad es relevante en la tendencia al uso de la violencia; la legitimación de la violencia o la sanción esperada de parte de los adultos frente a conductas violentas, depende del sexo de los participantes y de su evaluación de las situaciones de conflicto; y los escenarios de exposición directa a la violencia, como el hogar y el barrio, son determinantes en la decisión de usar la violencia para resolver los conflictos.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andréa Cristina Fermiano Fidelis, N. Formiga, A. Fernandes
{"title":"A measure of leadership's spiritual intelligence from the perspectives of Brazilian and Portuguese workers","authors":"Andréa Cristina Fermiano Fidelis, N. Formiga, A. Fernandes","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to assess the psychometric quality of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI), a scale adapted to measure leaders' spiritual intelligence (SI) from the perspective of Brazilian and Portuguese workers. This scale initially measures an individual's spiritual intelligence, and its adaptation opens up the opportunity to perceive the leader's SI from the point of view of his work team. In order to compare possible cultural differences, the research was carried out in hospital organizations in two countries: Brazil and Portugal. The Total sample is 434 workers. The statistical results indicate that the adapted SISRI is a reliable instrument that can measure the leader's spiritual intelligence. The four-factor structure is supported, as well as the construct´s invariance and convergence are maintained. As for cultural differences, it was observed that Brazilian workers have higher scores in the leader's total spiritual intelligence score, specifically in the Existential Critical Thinking (CET) and Awareness Expansion (CSE) dimensions.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rehabilitación del funcionamiento ejecutivo en un caso de trauma craneoencefálico -TCE- severo","authors":"Maria Teresa Cuervo Cuesta, Natalia Cadavid Ruiz","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6460","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: pese a la alta incidencia de dificultades ejecutivas después de sufrir un trauma craneoencefálico (TCE), existen pocos estudios que evalúen la efectividad de su rehabilitación. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa de rehabilitación en inhibición y memoria de trabajo, en un paciente con antecedente de TCE severo. Método: se empleó el diseño de caso único tipo AB con seguimiento, a través de un programa de intervención computarizado de 15 sesiones, aplicado tres veces a la semana. La evaluación del programa se realizó con medidas objetivo (línea base, durante, posintervención y a largo plazo) y con pruebas estandarizadas de inhibición y memoria de trabajo (pre y posintervención). Resultados: los Análisis Visuales revelaron una trayectoria ascendente en la inhibición y memoria de trabajo, con mayor estabilidad en la evaluación inmediatamente posterior y a largo plazo después de aplicado el programa, no obstante, estos cambios no se pueden atribuir completamente al programa. Conclusión: el programa de rehabilitación es prometedor para mejorar la inhibición, sin embargo, su efecto fue mínimo para mejorar la memoria de trabajo. Estos resultados sugieren considerar la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones cognitivas específicas y evitar las estimulaciones globales para mejorar las funciones ejecutivas. Lo anterior, evidencia las bondades de los diseños de caso único, ya que, al asegurar un seguimiento riguroso a la aplicación y evaluación de las intervenciones, permiten tomar decisiones sobre su efectividad.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lopera, Maria Alejandra Rodríguez Duarte, Luisa María Echeverri, Elena Suarez, Mariantonia Lemos
{"title":"Cambios emocionales y comportamentales de adolescentes y adultos colombianos durante el confinamiento por COVID-19","authors":"A. Lopera, Maria Alejandra Rodríguez Duarte, Luisa María Echeverri, Elena Suarez, Mariantonia Lemos","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6322","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: la pandemia por COVID-19 implicó un cambio en el orden global. Teniendo en cuenta las repercusiones en la vida cotidiana de las estrategias de contención del virus, este estudio evaluó los cambios comportamentales y la afectación emocional de adolescentes y adultos colombianos durante la cuarentena obligatoria asociada a la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con una muestra de 243 colombianos (edad: M=38.05, DE= 17.74), quienes contestaron un cuestionario online sobre la percepción de variaciones en hábitos y aspectos de la vida cotidiana durante la cuarentena. Adicionalmente, a 63 de ellos se les aplicó la entrevista diagnóstica MINI para evaluar la presencia de afectación emocional. Resultados: Alrededor de la mitad de la muestra reportó que durante la cuarentena disminuyeron sus ingresos económicos y su actividad física, mientras que se incrementaron su apetito, preocupación por la salud y uso de redes sociales. Respecto a la afectación emocional, 14.3% presentó síntomas de depresión mayor, 17.5% de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, 7.9% de trastorno de pánico y 6.3% de fobia social. Además, el 11.1% presentó pensamientos de muerte, mientras que 23.8% pensamientos obsesivos. Conclusión: los participantes reportaron que, durante el confinamiento asociado a la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia, y en comparación con la vida cotidiana previa a este evento, percibieron un aumento en el uso de redes sociales, una disminución en la actividad física, y mayor prevalencia de sintomatología emocional y afectaciones al bienestar general.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46995838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk and protective factors of emotional symptoms in Chilean adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sofía Maset Sánchez, Konstanze Schoeps, Selene Valero-Moreno, Constanza Del Rosario, Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla","doi":"10.21615/cesp.6742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6742","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 has unleashed a health, economic, social and humanitarian crisis worldwide. The strict measures implemented to control this global crisis have threatened adolescents’ coping mechanisms and social support, putting their mental health at risk. This study aims to determine the changes that have occurred in psychological functioning and health during the pandemic lockdown, as well as potential risk and protective factors for youth mental health. Participants were 1637 Chilean adolescents (85.83% female), aged 14-18 years (Mage = 16.40; SD = 1.28), who completed an ad hoc questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A descriptive and cross-sectional study design was used, multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Most adolescents reported severe levels of depression and anxiety with girls being more at risk than boys. Many of them reported a change in social and personal habits. Results further indicate that socio-demographic and COVID-19 related variables have a significant impact on adolescents’ emotional symptoms. Risk factors such as looking for information about the coronavirus, experiencing a recent stressful life event, reporting pre-pandemic mental health problems were significantly related to higher levels of emotional symptoms. Eating a healthy diet was associated with fewer emotional symptoms, while spending more time playing video games was related to more anxiety. Being in a romantic relationship, satisfying social and family relationships acted as protective factors against mental health problems. Further research is necessary to detect risk and protective factors that influence adolescent’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42351,"journal":{"name":"Revista CES Psicologia","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134922102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}