Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Use of yeasts in aquaculture nutrition and immunostimulation: A review","authors":"M. A. Mahdy, M. Jamal, Mamdouh Al-Harb, B. Al-Mur, M. Haque","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100507","url":null,"abstract":"With the technological advancement, application of yeasts in aquaculture becomes very popular, especially as an alternative source of proteins in addition to other proteins commonly used in the fish feed industry. Recently, yeast becomes a sustainable novel ingredient of aquafeed for its promising role in nutrition and immunostimulation of many fish species in aquaculture. Thus, yeast supplements and yeast-containing feed ingredients lead to the higher protection against diseases and to the better productivity of fishes resulting in the greater growth of the aquaculture industry. Moreover, rotifers, Artemia , and copepods can be produced well as live aquafeed by application of yeasts in aquaculture. Some yeasts used in probiotic products often improve immunity of fishes as well as attempt to enhance the water quality of aquaculture resulting in good production outcomes. Thus, yeast has been appeared as a novel and vital component of aquatic animal’s feed in modern aquaculture. In this review, different aspects of usage of yeasts in aquaculture nutrition and immunostimulation have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116640410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary product based on sea urchin caviar and Sardinops melanostictus fat","authors":"Mouhamad Alrajab, Lidiya V. Shulgina","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100512","url":null,"abstract":"Various biologically active substances are present in the caviar (roe) of sea urchins, which cause a positive effect on the human body and are used as part of dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Caviar food products are represented by a small assortment. This paper presents the findings of research on the development of caviar products with pronounced dietary properties based on sea urchin caviar and Sardinops melanostictus fat. Sardine oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. The developed caviar products contain phospholipids in the amount of 7.5–9.2 g/100 g and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family in the amount of 6.53–10.05 g/100 g. During 6 months of storage at a temperature from –2°C to –6°C, the quality and safety indicators of products did not change. Caviar products have been recommended for therapeutic and preventive dietary nutrition for cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132787109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of cadmium in maize roots inoculated with root organ culture of Rhizophagus irregularis improving cadmium tolerance through activation of antioxidative defense enzymes","authors":"Rajamony VinuRadha, K. Kumutha, Asish Kanagaraj Binodh","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100510","url":null,"abstract":"Monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhiza, Rhizophagus irregularis in root organ cultures, was formulated in a dextrin-based carrier. R. irregularis was coated in maize seeds (African tall composite) at the rate of 50 g kg -1 . R. irregularis was evaluated for heavy metal tolerance at 25, 50, and 75 ppm cadmium (Cd) in a pot culture experiment. The mean root colonization potential at 25 ppm Cd inoculated with R. irregularis was 48%, which had the highest probability to reach its maximum during 30 DAS. In the present study, Cd was accumulated to a tune of 22.2–38.3% in mycorrhizal roots, which was more than non-mycorrhizal roots. Cd addition at 25 and 50 ppm levels decreases its translocation to shoots to 28% in R. irregularis inoculated plants when compared to uninoculated treatments. The highest tolerance indices were observed in T 6 and T 7 with 100.59 and 98.34, respectively, showing its increased ability of cadmium to bear heavy metal up to a level of 50 ppm. R. irregularis inoculated maize adapted well at 25 ppm Cd and confirmed its significant role in reducing Cd accumulation toward the shoot system.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122218776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of health risk associated with Ethion dissipation in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)","authors":"Venkateswara Rao, B. S. Reddy, K. Subrahmanya, Tamanna Parida, Srinivas Namuduri","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100515","url":null,"abstract":"Dissipation behavior and human hazard index (HI) of ethion on okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruits were studied in Koonavaram village, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethion was applied on okra crop with knapsack sprayer during the fruiting stage, and fruit samples were collected on 0, 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th , and 8 th days from the time of application. Ethion was detected with the help of GC-MS/MS using dried and grinded fruit samples. From the study, average ethion residues detected in the vegetable samples were in descending order of 8.02, 1.14, 0.14, 0.08, and 0.02 mg/kg, which were collected from the above-mentioned days. The correlation coefficient of ethion residue concerning time was recorded as significant. Ethion dissipation percent was 85.74, 98.25, 99.04, and 99.71 in samples with respect to the days of 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively, which was compared with the residue of samples collected immediately 2 h after applying ethion. During the study of half-life, on ethion was 0.95 days. Pre-harvested interval of 2 days gap is required after the application of ethion. The human HI of ethion was 10.020, 1.429, 0.175, 0.096, and 0.029 for samples collected from the respective days, where the intake amount for an average Indian adult of 60 kg is 150 g.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124718703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-related risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A systematic review","authors":"Meenakshi S, R. N, Vishal B. Rawal, R. Ramu","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100506","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most commonly identified co-morbidities with high morbidity and mortality risk in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection. The objective of the current study is to review the primary risk factors involved in the development of COVID-19 infections in COPD patients along with an insight on the effect of COPD medications in the development of this disease. The systematic search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, LitCovid, COVID-evidence, clinical trials, and Science Direct. ICU intervention and the use of invasive ventilators on the worsening of symptoms were the main inclusion parameters for the current review. Key findings indicate that the occurrence of COVID-2019 in COPD patients was low due to less availability of data. However, the risk of severity (66%) and mortality (58.62%) was high, suggesting that COPD patients with confirmed COVID-19 were at higher risk of disease. In regards to COVID-19, Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), one of the identified target receptors of the COVID-19 responsible for the infection, was observed to increase in COPD patients. COPD is thus a risk factor for developing extreme and critical forms of COVID-19 compared with the other groups, which further leads to requiring admission to an ICU and the use of invasive ventilators on the worsening of symptoms with high mortality rates. This systematic review, which together with ACE-2, will explain the severity and rate of mortality along with the risk factors of COVID-19 in COPD patients, the use of nebulizers with mesh to prevent transmission, and adherence to medication in the world’s current pandemic situation. © 2022 Meenakshi, et al.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127269384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. callus and optimization of cell suspension culture for the production of anti-Parkinson’s drug: L-DOPA","authors":"B. Rakesh, N. Praveen","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100516","url":null,"abstract":"It has become a huge challenge to satisfy the emerging demand for levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), an anti-Parkinson’s drug in the international drug market. This is attributed to the conventional methods of extraction from the natural sources of Mucuna spp., which has a low germination rate, less viable seeds, and an irritating, itching trichomes on the pods. The need for an alternative method with continuous supply of L-DOPA without affecting the natural biodiversity has been achieved through in vitro procedures. However, there has not been a systematic approach to optimize the cultural conditions for the maximum productivity. Hence, in this study, we aim at optimizing the cultural conditions for high biomass and L-DOPA production. Various plant growth regulators such as auxins (indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, picloram [Pic], naphthalene acetic acid, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, benzylaminopurine, 2-isopentenyl adenine, and thidiazuron), and their combinations have been experimented to figure out the best combination to induce callus. At the same time, various factors such as growth kinetics, different media (MS, Gamborg’s-B5, Chu’s-N6, and Nitsch and Nitsch), media strength (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0X), effect of different macro elements and their strength (0, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, and 3X), inoculum density, different hydrogen ion concentration (pH), ammonium/nitrate concentration, different sucrose concentrations (0–10%), and other carbon sources have been investigated in detail for optimizing the cell suspension culture. It was found out that 0.5 mg/L Pic gave the best results for callus induction. With respect to biomass, 6-week growth period (135.7 g/L fresh weight [FW]), 1.0X MS media (126.87 g/L FW), 1.5X magnesium sulfate (266.3 g/L FW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (131.4 g/L FW), pH of 6.0 (129.47 g/L FW), 100 g/L of inoculum (222.2 g/L FW), 3% sucrose concentration (125.6 g/L FW), and 3% glucose (183.4 g/L FW) as other carbon sources were found to give the highest biomass. In terms of L-DOPA production, 3-week growth period (5.90 mg/g dry weight [DW]), 0.5X B5 medium (4.27 mg/g DW), 2.0X calcium chloride (5.06 mg/g DW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (3.44 mg/g DW), pH 6.5 (4.02 mg/g DW), inoculum density of 30 g/L (4.79 mg/g DW), and 2% sucrose (5.17 mg/g DW) resulted in a higher L-DOPA yield.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130821375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of the RAGE gene expression in RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cell line by ethyl acetate extract of Mikania micrantha (L.) Kunth.","authors":"Alex Zohmachhuana, Malsawmdawngliana Tlaisun, Vabeiryureilai Mathipi, Lalrinzuali Khawlhring, J. Priya","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100513","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Mikania micrantha (L.) Kunth. leaf extract on RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cell line. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of the leaves of M. micrantha revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, terpenoids, phenols, and coumarins, whereas the quantification revealed that the methanol extract contained the highest phenol content (259.88 mg catechol equivalent/g dried sample) as well as flavonoid content (156.55 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dried sample). The different extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using a DPPH scavenging assay. The antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extract at 100 µ g concentration showed the highest DPPH scavenging ability with an IC 50 value of 40.34 µg/ml in comparison with the standard (39.92 µg/ml). Allium cepa assay and MTT assay were performed to assess the cytotoxicity effects. The fresh leaf extract increased the incidence of anomalous mitosis. Cytotoxicity study showed that ethyl acetate extracts exhibit the highest cytotoxicity with an IC 50 value of 47.68 µ g/ml. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis exhibited the suppression of the RAGE gene. This is the first report on the effect of the anti-inflammatory activity of M. micrantha leaf extract on RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cell line. This study concluded that M. micrantha possesses antioxidant property and limiting RAGE gene expression suggests anti-inflammatory properties.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116591874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of soaking, germination, fermentation, and roasting treatments on nutritional, anti-nutritional, and bioactive composition of black soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"D. Chauhan, Krishan Kumar, N. Ahmed, P. Thakur, Q. Rizvi, Sumaira Jan, Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100523","url":null,"abstract":"Legumes are plants of the family Leguminosae with seed pods that split into two halves. Black soybean seed coat contains numerous bioactive compounds having radical scavenging, anti-tumor, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study was aimed to assess the effect of soaking, germination, natural fermentation, and roasting on nutritional and antinutritional components, minerals (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu), and bioactive components of the black soybean. The effect of soaking was studied at 12 and 24 h while that of germination at 24, 48, and 72 h. The results revealed that the phenolic contents augmented significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) in germination, fermentation, and roasting by 11.49%, 8.96%, 2.95%. Further, there was an 11.84% and 22.13% increase in the protein contents during the germination and fermentation processes, respectively. The antioxidant activity of processed grains increased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) during germination, fermentation, and roasting by 72.51, 10.14, and 9.64%, respectively. The anti-nutritional compounds such as phytic acid and tannin contents decreased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) during processing treatments. Phytic acid decreased to the extent of 34.04, 51.06, and 13.47% and tannin contents as 47.22, 75, and 38.89%, after germination, fermentation, and roasting processes, respectively. A significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increase in mineral contents was observed after the germination, fermentation, and roasting of the black soybean.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"82 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123729863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of intermittent vacuum treatment on the osmotic dehydration of black cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum cv. OG)","authors":"H.T.N. Ha, N. Thuy","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100517","url":null,"abstract":"Osmosis pre-treatment process helps to reduce partially the moisture of fruits and vegetables before drying. The application of low pressure during the first few minutes of osmosis pushes the trapped gases out and facilitates the penetration of hypertonic solution into the food, thereby improving mass transmission efficiency. In this work, the effects of sucrose concentration (52–68 o Brix), vacuum level (516–684 mmHg), and its application time (5–15 min) on water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) of black cherry tomatoes (cv. OG) were investigated. The response surface methodology with a factorial experimental central composite design was used for the optimization. Results indicated that the application of a vacuum level of 627.22 mmHg every first 11.61 min of 1 h osmosis in a sucrose solution of 59.38 o Brix increased the WL and reduced the osmosis time. The maximum WL was 28.60% of the tomatoes weight after 4 h of osmosis and the SG was 2.94%. Meanwhile, the corresponding values for the control sample (without vacuum application) were 15.62% and 1.66% after 5.5 h of osmosis dehydration. This proves the effectiveness and potential of the vacuum application in the osmotic dehydration process of black cherry tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127561790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Agricultural Sustainability","authors":"Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.105ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.105ed","url":null,"abstract":"otassium is the third most significant nutrient required for growth and development by the plants. Plant absorbs the K mineral in the form of K i.e. soluble and available form of potassium for plant from the soil. The concentration of K ion is low because of over exploitation and to accomplish the K necessity of the plant, agrochemical fertilizer named as potash was discovered. The use of potash has reduced the K scarcity in the plants but arose pollution and depletes the fertility of the soil. Potassium solubilizing microbes have been found as an appropriate alternative of potash. The K-solubilizing microbes avail the K by solubilizing and mineralizing the mechanism through the production various organic acids and extracellular enzyme. Different microbes belonging to genera Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Microbacterium, Myroides and Pseudomonas, Pantoea have been reported as K solubilizer.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116524502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}