Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and Predictors of Congestive Heart Failure Among Hemodialysis Patients at Felege Hiote Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Mihretie Gedfew, Temesgen Ayenew, Belayneh Mengst, Tadesse Yirga Akalu, Mengistu Zelalem, Yichalem Worku, Tiliksew Liknaw","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s274942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s274942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure is the cumulative and progressive result of conditions that cause structural defects and functional abnormalities in the heart. It is affects at least 26 million people worldwide and is increasing in prevalence especially among hemodialysis patients with severe renal failure. Objective: To assess the incidence and predictors of congestive heart failure among hemodialysis patients at Felege Hiote Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: This institutionally based retrospective cohort study was undertaken among 205 hemodialysis patients of Felege Hiote Referral Hospital from January 1, 2016 to February 29, 2020. All eligible hemodialysis patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were entered using Epi-data Version 4.1 and analyzed using STATA Version 14. The survival time of hemodialysis patients was estimated using the Kaplan– Meier survival curve, and the survival time between different categorical variables was compared using the log rank test. Both bivariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were fitted to identify independent predictors of congestive heart failure among hemodialysis patients. Results: Among a cohort of 205 hemodialysis patients at Felege Hiote Referral Hospital, 12 (5.9%) developed congestive heart failure during the follow-up time. The overall congestive heart failure incidence rate was 2.9 per 100 person-years (PY) with 95% CI. The total time allotted to follow up the study participants was 4968 PY. Using multivariable Cox-regression analysis, we found that male sex, rural residence, no formal education, low body mass index (<18.5), presence of comorbidity, and anemia during dialysis initiation significantly increased the risk of heart failure. Conclusion: In this study, we found a high rate of congestive heart failure among hemodialysis patients. Factors significantly linked with increased risk of heart failure included male sex, rural residence, no education, low body mass index (<18.5), presence of comorbidity, and anemia during dialysis initiation. Early screening and treatment for heart failure are highly recommended at hemodialysis follow-up for patients with the above risk factors.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46600183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Isovolumic Acceleration (IVA) and TEI Index with Pro-BNP in Heart Failure","authors":"Shokufeh Shahlaee, Hedieh Alimi, H. Poorzand, N. Morovatdar, F. Vakilian, Shirin Shahlaee","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s253688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s253688","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common disorder and leads to many costs for the healthcare system. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac neurohormone and has an important function in diagnosis and prognosis of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The TEI index is a novel non-invasive Doppler-based indicator, which evaluates systolic and diastolic myocardial function. There are few data regarding the prognostic role of TEI and isovolumic acceleration (IVA) indexes in HF and the relationship with neurohormonal activation. In this study, we evaluated the TEI and IVA index correlation with Pro-BNP in patients with systolic HF. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We included consecutively patients with HF, admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between March 2017 and February 2019. A single investigator would perform echocardiography the next morning, for all patients. A checklist was completed for each patient and included demographic data, clinical data and different echocardiographic variables. We also recorded in-hospital mortality and outcome of patients during the follow-up stage. Results: We finally included 65 patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of participants was 63.38±12.85 years. Most of them were male (61.5%). We showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between RVIVA (r=0.317, P =0.010) and LVIVA (r=0.254, P =0.041) with LVEF. There was no significant correlation between Pro-BNP level and NYHA classification (r=0.151, P =0.231). We showed that there was no correlation between Pro-BNP level and RV TEI index (r=0.065, P =0.490) and LV TEI index (r=0.071, P =0.419). In sub-group analysis, in patients with EF<20%, we showed a significant correlation between the level of Pro-BNP and RV TEI index. Conclusion: We showed that the IVA index is correlated to EF in both RV and LV and can differ in large-scale in a population study. We also showed that RV TEI index is significantly correlated with Pro-BNP in patients with EF<20%. Large-scale studies are recommended.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49041107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optogenetic Pacing: Current Insights and Future Potential","authors":"Airong Li, R. Tanzi","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s242650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s242650","url":null,"abstract":": Optogenetics combines the biological techniques of optics and genetics and uses light to control the activities of living tissues such as neurons and heart. Optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin (ChR), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and archaerhodopsin (bacterio-opsin) provide specificity for neuronal or cardiac controls, and the field has made much progress in heart research since its introduction almost a decade ago. This review will provide information about the history, research highlights and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology. The clinical translation of cardiac optogenetics will be towards human and larger mammalian animal model applications and ultimately optogenetics may have the power to restore normal heart rhythm and greatly improve quality of life.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s242650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43393517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety Outcome of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): Preliminary Results","authors":"F. Elshaer, S. Lawand, M. Zayed, Fakhr Al Ayoubi, Yassmin Hanfi, A. Alqarni","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s258978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s258978","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study analyzes the safety and ef fi cacy of LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril), a combination of angiotensin II receptor blocker and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients and Methods: An observational pilot study was conducted using a prospective design. A sample of 50 HFpEF patients (27 females and 23 males) was included on LCZ696 (50 mg orally, twice daily), which was then titrated up to a maximum tolerated dose, and followed up in the outpatient clinic. Thirty-seven patients received LCZ696 during hospitalization for decompensated heart failure or before their discharge while same titration was followed for the remaining patients. Results: Patients were classi fi ed as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III (64%), NYHA class IV (22%), and NYHA class II (14%). Diabetes mellitus was found in 74% of patients, while hypertension in 94%. Rapid clinical improvement was found with signi fi cant reduction in NYHA class down to NYHA class II (p=0.018). Patients had cleared off the fi ne basal crackles (speci fi c for the interstitial pulmonary disease) secondary to heart failure (p<0.001) and improvement or disappearance of edema of the lower limbs (p<0.001). Heart rate response and jugular venous pressure and NT-pro-BNP were reduced signi fi cantly (p-value <0.001, 0.005, respectively). Echocardiographic criteria for diastolic LV dysfunction (primarily E/A ratio) improved (p=0.001). Serum sodium (NA) levels improved signi fi cantly (p=0.015), without worsening renal function or limiting hyperkalemia. Conclusion: LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan; ARNI) led to signi fi cant clinical improvements in patients with HFpEF. Further, a randomized study is needed to test whether it leads to positive outcomes for a larger sample. Ethical Approval: Project No. E-17-2414, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s258978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44330005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Abdominal Surgery and Insights from Other Surgery Types","authors":"C. V. Madsen, L. Jørgensen, B. Leerhøy, I. Gögenur, S. Ekeloef, A. Sajadieh, H. Domínguez","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s197407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s197407","url":null,"abstract":": Postoperative atrial fi brillation (POAF) in relation to abdominal surgery can cause clinical deterioration, prolonged hospitalization, admittance to intensive care units, stroke and increased mortality. The current review focus on patients developing POAF in relation to abdominal surgery and aims to present the current knowledge on predictors of this condition. Furthermore, predictors identi fi ed in other surgical populations that may be transferable and guide future research within the fi eld of abdominal surgery will be presented. A systematic literature search of patients undergoing abdominal surgery and developing POAF was performed on PubMed and Embase. All types of study interventions, comparators and designs were included. All studies included reported POAF as primary or secondary outcome. All peer-reviewed English full-text manuscripts regardless of publication date were included. We included fi ve studies out of the 149 unique records identi fi ed. Age, congestive heart failure, hypertension, vascular disease and surgical approach are risk factors associated with the development of POAF. Furthermore, in fl ammation biomarkers, dobutamine stress echocardiography and cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography can predict POAF. Insights from other surgical cohorts reveal that other biomarkers (ie, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP), electrocardiography and echocardiography can be used to predict POAF and may be applied in future research projects within the fi eld of abdominal surgery. In conclusion, very scarce evidence is currently available in predicting POAF after abdominal surgery. However, predicting POAF seems possible and feasible, why the authors encourage readers to initiate new research to close the current knowledge gap and improve clinical management.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s197407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41803871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia: Mechanisms and Management","authors":"A. AlTurki, B. Alotaibi, J. Joza, R. Proietti","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s198185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s198185","url":null,"abstract":": Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is a primary cardiac myocytes disorder that predominantly affects the right ventricle. It is mainly inherited as autosomal dominant with variable expressivity; it also has been recog-nized as one of the major genetic causes of sudden cardiac death in the young and in athletes. The desmosomal protein is the most commonly affected structure and around 60% of diagnosed cases have an identi fi ed genetic mutation. ARVC is characterized histologically by the replacement of cardiomyocytes with fi bro-fatty tissue that is progressive over time. The most commonly involved sites in the heart are right ventricle in fl ow tract, right ventricular out fl ow tract and posterolateral wall of the left ventricle. New diagnostic criteria have increased the sensitivity and speci fi city for ARVC/D. These include imaging evidence of RV regional wall motion abnormalities and RV dilatation using echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. Other diagnostic criteria include fi brous replacement of the RV-free wall on biopsy, repolarization and conduction abnormalities on the electrocardiogram as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias and signi fi cant family history. Management involves assessing for implantable-cardioverter implantation, pharmacological therapy for prevention of ventricular arrhythmias and treatment of any ventricular dysfunction. Patients with ARVC/D who are engaged in strenuous/endurance/competitive physical activity have 2 – 5-fold increased risk of sudden cardiac death and restriction from competi-tive/endurance sports is important. Family screening is important to identify asymptomatic patients.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s198185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41619986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Ajax Yang, K. Chakravarthy, J. Pope, T. Deer","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s210146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s210146","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The algorithmic use of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain is routine. However, it is underutilized in managing pain and other symptoms relating to cardiovascular dysfunctions. The goal of this article is to focus on the clinical results from using spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the realm of cardiovascular medicine. Material and Methods: The current literature was reviewed, summarized and tabulated. This manuscript contains results from systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials and observational study search results on PubMed spanning the last 30 years. The of fi cial positioning statement from the International Neuromodulation Society Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) was also highlighted. Results: Evidence supports that SCS is asafe, reversible, minimally-invasive and ef fi cacious modality to mitigate chronic symptoms of refractory angina pectoris and critical limb ischemia. Discussion: Spinal cord stimulation is effective in providing relief, improve quality of life and functional mobility in patients living with ischemic pain of systemic arterial occlusive disease. Conclusion: Spinal cord stimulation should be considered early in the treatment algorithm among individuals with inoperable ischemic pain. achieved better limb salvage, pain control and lower pain medication requirement. No ulcer rate healing differences were found.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s210146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Current Perspectives","authors":"M. Matta, C. Devecchi, F. De Vecchi, F. Rametta","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s186616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s186616","url":null,"abstract":": Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common, highly symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Despite pharmacological treatment and vagal maneuvers for acute termination, catheter ablation has emerged as the fi rst line treatment for the cure of AVNRT episodes. Several studies during recent years have investigated the ef fi cacy, safety and long-term effect of both radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation of the slow pathway for the treatment of AVNRT. Innovations such as mapping systems and dedicated catheters have contributed by extending the indication to AVNRT ablation, even in particular subset populations such as children and congenital heart disease patients. We performed this review with the aim aim of summarizing and discussing current perspectives on the treatment of AVNRT, mainly focusing on catheter ablation energy sources and long-term results.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s186616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46460796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of balloon-expandable stent deployment in coronary artery using the finite element method","authors":"M. Umer, Murtaza Najabat Ali, A. Mubashar, Mariam Mir","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s173086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s173086","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical Engineering & Sciences Department (BMES), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan Introduction and purpose: For the implantation of a small mechanical supporting device such as a stent, angioplasty is a more reliable technique to regain the perfusion along the heart vessel. This researchwork demonstrates a relative study for two different stent models during implantation in coronary artery. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the clinical efficiency of a balloon expandable stent deployment employing the finite element method. Methods: The two different models included are the Cypher Bx Velocity (Bx_Velocity; Johnson & Johnson Corporation, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) and Savior (ST Flex Pro; National Engineering and Scientific Commission, Islambad, Pakistan). As the majority of stents are deployed using an angioplasty balloon guided by a catheter-shaft, in this study, the delivery of stents was governed by a sophisticated balloon of a trifolded pattern, attached to the catheter-shaft. This configuration has often been neglected in the past due to the complexity of interaction and the limitation of computational power. Results: The use of a trifolded semi-compliant balloon gives more promising results for quantification with experimental data available from the manufacturer’s compliance charts. This type of relative study allows us not only to improve the design of the available stent model, but also helps in probing the integrity of newly suggested models and reduces certain risks associated with the angioplasty technique. The following factors, such as stent expansion, foreshortening, dog-boning, elastic recoil, and the distribution of equivalent stresses were used to compare and improve the clinical outcome of the available stent models. Conclusion: The validation of numerical study for the Bx_Velocity stent was made with the manufacturer’s compliance chart data and for the Savior Stent with a report of experimental work data from NESCOM. Finally, some suggestions were made for good deliverability and reliability based on the above design criteria.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s173086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44668314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight on sudden arrhythmic death syndrome","authors":"David Yuan, H. Raju","doi":"10.2147/rrcc.s187480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrcc.s187480","url":null,"abstract":": Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is de fi ned as death from a cardiac cause within 1 hr of symptom onset or, if unwitnessed, in a person last seen well within 24 hrs. Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) describes cases of SCD with no abnormalities found on expert autopsy attributable as the cause of death. The epidemiology of these conditions has been challenging to study as de fi nitions have changed over time; however, it is apparent that the incidence of SCD increases with age whilst SADS decreases as coronary artery disease becomes more prevalent. Accurate reporting of truly negative autopsies of SCDs has been assisted by guidelines from governing bodies such as The Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology, allowing identi fi cation of SADS cases. Primary arrhythmic cardiac conditions like ong QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia are the predominant etiologies of SADS. When the decedent did not have a known phenotype for these conditions, clinical evaluation using screening tests like echocardiogram, resting and stress electrocardiograms and holter mon-itoring, followed by specialized testing when appropriate such as cardiac magnetic resonance and pharmacological provocation testing of surviving family members becomes crucial in potentially identifying the cause and guide targeted genetic testing. Although advancement in gene analysis such as next-generation sequencing has also allowed the application of “ molecular autopsy ” to identify pathogenic variants to establish the cause of death and enable cascade testing and risk strati fi cation of family members, many of the genetic variants identi fi ed through this method have been classi fi ed as non-pathogenic since the establishment of standards and guidelines by the American College of Medical Genetics. Whilst majority of cases of SADS are still unexplained, there is increasing awareness and understanding of this syndrome allowing appropriate identi fi cation of surviving family members at risk and implementation of measures to prevent further premature death.","PeriodicalId":42306,"journal":{"name":"Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rrcc.s187480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}