THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Intrusion of the Seawater through Unconfiued Coastal Aquifers: Some relations between the spatial distribution of pumping intensity and the motion of interface separating sea water and fresh water in coastal aquifers@@@揚水量分布と淡塩水境界面移動との関係","authors":"Hiroshi Dei","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.17.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.17.30","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discribes the theoretical and experimental study on the relation between the distribution of pumping intensity and the sea water intrusion through a unconfined aguifer in a 'coastal region. Both cases of the fresh water pumping and the salt water pumping are analyzed by applying Darcy's law and the equation of continuity under the assumption of the hydrostatic pressure distribution and two dimensional model. Analytical results agree well with experimental results in the tendency of the interface between sea water and fresh water corresponding to the various pumping conditions. は じめ に 地下水 の塩 水化 は,自 然 の条件下で も起 ってお り,淡 水の供給源 を地 下水に頼 ってい る離 島や,海 岸地方 の人 々に とっては,昔 か ら非常な関心事で あった.そ のため,こ の現 象は古 くか ら論 じられ, Herzbergに よ り定式化 され てい る.し か し,最 近わが 国で よく問題 とされ る塩水化 の多 くは,沿 岸 地方 の急速 な工業化 に ともな う用水獲得 のための地下水揚 水に よって,生 じてい るものであ り,こ の 過 剰揚水 の結果が,そ の地 方の灌漉 用水や 生活用水に も支障を きた してい る.従 って揚 水量 の総量や 分布が,ど の よ うに塩水化 の進 行 と関係 してい るかが,塩 水化 を防 ぐ意 味で,水 資源 利用上 の重要 な 課題 とな ってい る. 海岸地下水 の研究 は,Ghyben,Herzbergに 始 ま り,Nom圭tsu,Toyobara,Kamimotoが 解析的方 法 を施 し,JacobBear1)が 非定常運動につ いて論 じたが,い ずれ の研究 も解析 の比較的簡単 な被圧地 下 水 につい て行われ てお り,解 析 の複雑 な不圧地 下水については,余 り研究は進 ま な か っ た.そ の 後,Shima2)が 不圧地下水 の塩水化 を定常.非 定常運動両方 にわ た り解析 し,さ らにKawatani3)は, 鉛直 浸透 が塩水化 にお よぼす影響 まで解析 してい るが,い ずれ も揚水 については,ふ れていない. Fukuo4)5)は,海 岸地下水 の塩 水化 を,定 常状態,二 次元流 の場合 につい て,揚 水量 分布 の一般的 表 現 を用 いて被圧 お よび不圧地下水両方 にわた って解析 し,実 験的検討 も加 えたが,淡 水揚水 の場合 しか論 じなか った.し か し,現 地 では塩水化 の進 行に ともな って,塩 水 も揚水 されてい る 状 況 であ *京 都大学 (昭和49年12月23日 受理) り,揚 水量分布 が塩水化 にお よぼす影響 を,よ り有 用に論ず るた めには♪塩 水を汲み あげ る場合に ま で考察 を拡げ る必要があ る.こ の考察 の拡張 はDoublepumpingmethodか ら連想 され るよ うに.淡 塩 水両者の同時揚水 に よる効果的な塩水化防止法 の可能性 につ なが るよ うに も思 われる. この よ うな視 点か ら,本 研究は,不 圧地下水 の場合 につ いて,淡 水の揚 水量分布 が.ど の よ うに塩 水 化 に影響す るかを,Fukuoの 解析 を もとに検討 し,そ の不充分 な点 を,き らに詳 し く調ぺ る と共 に,塩 水 の揚水量分布が,塩 水化に どの よ うに影響す るかを解析 し,実 験 した. 1.解 析 1.L仮 定 とモデル 自由表 面を持 つ不圧地下水 の定常状態 の塩水化 を取 り扱 うに当 って,次 の仮定 をお く◎ 〔1〕 滞水層は,自 由表面 を有 し,流 れ は二次元的 である. 〔2〕 滞水層 を構成 してい るmedrmは,均 質,等 方 であ り,一 定 の深 さの不透 水性の基底床 の上 にあ るもの とす る. 〔3〕 滞水 層には,淡 水.塩 水 の二層 が存在 し,そ の境 界面は 明瞭であ り,塩 水 の拡散 は無視 す る. 〔4〕 淡 水 自由表面,淡 塩水境界面 の傾斜 は緩やか で,Dupitの 準一様流 の仮 定が成 立 し,鉛 直方 向 の速度 は無視 でき,従 って淡水圧.塩 水圧 は静水圧で あ り,鉛 直面 内の水 平速 度は一様 であ る とす る◎ 以上 の仮定 を もとに,Fig.1に 示す よ うな二 次元 モデルを考 える.実 際 のの海 岸では,海 底にヘ ド ロなどの不透水層が あるが,揚 水 などの影響 で,地 下水圧が低下 し,透 水 状態に な ってい る もの と考 え る. Fig.1でx-Oが 不透 水層 か ら成 る基 底床を表 し,こ こでは基底床 は水 平 とな る.x-Oが 海岸線 で,淡 水流 出 口とな ってお り,x=..Lが 淡水流入 口の位置 を示す.図 で分 るよ うに,x-tが 塩水 化 域 の足 の位置を示 し(以 後1を 塩水化域 長之呼ぶ),◎ ≦¢≦1の 部 分が塩水化域 で ある.H,ηi, η2,ζ,η むはXxOを 基準 に と り,Hは 海水位,η 茎,ζ は塩水化域 の淡 水位,塩 水位 を表 し,η2は 塩 水化域 よ り上流部 分での淡永位 を,η 菰は塩 氷化域 の足で の淡水位 を表 す.ρi,k.,ρ2,k2,は それ ぞれ,淡 水.塩 水 の密度 お よび透水係i数であ るvP,Sは それぞれ,淡 水.塩 水の単位 巾,単 位時 間 あた りの揚水量 を示 す. 1.2.基 本式 前節 で述べ た仮定 とモデルを用い て次 の式 をたて る. 仮 定 〔4〕 よ り Psncρa9ηh(0≦ 鈎 ≦{の","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"448 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123625623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Graphical Method to analyse the Yearly Decrease of Ground-water Storage of Aquifer by Continuous Discharge of a Well concerned","authors":"G. Sakai","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.15.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.15.76","url":null,"abstract":"By continuous and excess pumping of a well, storage of the confined aquifer concerned decreases year by year, and the resulting form is like the decline of piestic level of ground-water. Under such a situation, the only index to evaluate the storage in decreas• ing may be“Coefficient of Storage”of the aquifer, which is treated as a certain constant in Theis' Non-equilibrium Formula. Assuming the coefficient is variable, the writer proposed a practical method to analyse the yearly decrease of ground-water storage of aquifer, having been discharged for a long term counted in unit of month or year. 1.緒 言 近年,放 射性 同位元素 な どを用い て,い わゆ る 鯉地下水 の年齢 卿に 関す る研究が行 なわれ,地 表下 深 部の被圧面地下水層は,近 い過去の時代か ら,雨 水 または地表水の浸透に よって酒養 されていない こ とが 明 らかに なった.制 限床を透 して くる漏水や制限床 自身か らの絞 り出 し水があ るか もしれない が,こ の種の水 もまた近 い過 去のある時代 以降の浸透に よった ものでない とすれ ぽ,井 戸の揚水は, 収 水層(制 限床 な ども含め て)内 部に停滞状 態で貯え られ ていた 水を 消費す る ことに よって継続 され るので,次 第に貯留量 が減少 し,井 水位 お よび井戸の外側の被圧地下水面が年 々低下を続 ける ことに な る◎ サ イスの式は,非 平衡 の状 態で揚水 され ている被圧面水 井戸の理論を代表 してい る.揚 水 テス トの デ ー ターを用 いていわ ゆ る井 戸定数を求め る図式解析法には,サ イス 自身が発表 した ものの他,彼 の 式 を基調 して 開発 された もの もあるが,そ の式 の中 に は 収水層の 鷲貯留係数(CoefficientofSto. rage)\"と い うものが含 まれ てい る.(2)(3)(\")この係数は,収 水 層中の貯水 の状 態お よび性格を示す もの で,定 数 だ と約束 され てい る.し か し,揚 水の継続に よって収水層の貯水量が年 々減少す るの であ る か ら,こ の貯留係数だけが定数 として変 らない と考え るのは正 しくない◎最近,t'弾 性貯留(Elastic Storage)と い う新 しい概念が提称 され,別 の角度か ら井戸の水理論が展開 され て い る のは,{5,従 来 の 貯留係数に結びついてい る概念に とらわれた くないための よ うであ る.た だ,こ の新 しい概念に基 づ いて収 水層の貯水状態を数値的に評価す る方法は まだ開発 され てい ない◎ 筆 者は本稿で,新 しい井戸の水理 論をた てて,収 水 層の貯水状態を論 じよ うと してい る ものではな","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122971619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecast of groundwater disaster by natural tritium analysis of water samples","authors":"H. Kawasaki","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.20.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.20.117","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally produced tritium provides the hydrological information with a valuable tool for tracing groundwater through the hydrologic cycle. These investgatigations have been carried out using both naturally produced and atomic bomb-produced tritium. <BR> This analysis was done by using liquid scintillation counter, preceded by electrolytic enrichment. <BR> In the shallow groundwater, tritium concentration vary from 5-6 TR to a few hundreds, while in Case of deep groundwater, the value is slightly lower. This is due to older existence of deep groundwater, it will cause various groundwater disasters. <BR> The above became clear as a result of investigations on tritium concentration used to forecast groundwater disaster. は しがき 最近,平 野部の地下水枯渇や地盤沈下,海 岸平野部の塩水浸入な どで,地 下水の過剰揚水に起因す る地下水災害が各地に発生 している. このため,こ れ らの災害を未然に防止 し,す でに被害を受けている地域においては これ以上の進行 を防 ぎ,農 業生産の基盤 である耕地を守ることが社会的に重要な責務 とな ってい る◎ ここでは地下水中に含まれ る トリチウム(3H)を 指標 として,水 文地質的観点から地下水の存在機 構を検討 し,各 種の障害現象 を予測する基礎的資料がこれまでの測定で得 られたので,代 表的な2~ 3の 地区の実例をあげ,地 下水災害の予測について報告する. 1原 理と方法 大気圏において宇宙線 と空中の窒素 との核反応に より,生 成 された 天然の トリチウム濃度は10TR (3HとHと の比が1× 一\"18のとき1TRと なる.)前 後 と推定 されているがトン これが降水に混 じって地 下に浸透す ると放射能の供給を絶たれ嚢つ ぎの物理的法則に従 って壊変 してい く.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128701078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Observation System of the Ground Water for Earthquake Prediction in the Eastern Part of the Tokai District","authors":"Kan Katoh, K. Ikeda, E. Tsukuda, Y. Sugiyama, Toshio Murashita, Mono Ino","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.22.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.22.1","url":null,"abstract":"The South Kanto and the Tokai Districts were designated as an intensive observation area for earthquake prediction by the coordinating committee for earthquake prediction on February 1974. It was reported also, that the Tokai District has a great possibility to be hit by a big earthquake originated in the Bay of Suruga by the Seismological Society of Japan on October 1976. Then the Geological Survey of Japan had constructed the automatic observation system of the ground water in the eastern part of the Tokai District, during a period from November 1976 to March 1979, as a part of the integrated observation system by the governmental organizations related. This system are constituted: 1. 12 observation wells for earthquake prediction which are installed with 6 water level, 1 water quality and 8 radon concentration observation systems. 2. Data telemetering system to the Japan Meteorological Agency via the Geological Survey of Japan from these wells. The final goal of the project for Tokai big earthquake prediction is to catch the precauser of the earthquake, processing and analyzing the observation data derived from these","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"49 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125918752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Construction Wroks on Groundwater (1): with special reference to the investigation of groundwater in the neighbourhood of Ushiku-machi, Ibaragi prefecture@@@茨域県牛久町付近の地下水を例として","authors":"S. Shindou","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.18.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.18.50","url":null,"abstract":"1. In the investigated area a large-scale drainage work, the so-called Kasumigaura basin drainage work, is under construction. <BR> 2. Recently, several troubles (decline of groundwater level, the muddiness and contamination of groundwater etc) have been brought about with the construction. <BR> 3. It has been estimated that the main cause of the troubles were owing to the special method which was applied in the shield work (compressed air method, dewatering by deep well, chemical grouting etc). <BR> 4. The following became clear after the investigation on the above mentioned problem. Because the shield was situated at the basal bed of shallow groundwater, contaminated water leaked down through the broken impermeable layer which was cut by the work and spread out in the deep groundwater. 懇.は じめに 人為的営力の増大に伴って自然系が変容する問題,と りわけそのマイナスの効果に関するものがこ の ところ大きく取沙汰されるようになって来た◎地下水問題 もその例にもれない◎ ここで地下水問題 といわれているものには,広 域的なものとしては,地 盤沈下,地 下水の塩水化, 地下水資源の澗渇等の問題があ り,局 部的,か つヨ常的な問題 としては,土 木工事に伴 う各 種 の 問 題,た とえば排水工による井戸洞れや局所的地盤沈下の問題,薬 液注入あるいは掘削工に伴 う井戸汚 染の問題などがある◎ 後者の問題は工事にかかわる トラブルとして従来はその場で個々に片付け られて来ているようであ るが,最 近のように工事の規模が大きくなると,問 題は局所的な措置だけで解決出来るようななまや さしいものではなくな.ってくる(つ まり思い もよらぬ ところへ.思 い本よらぬ時に.か っ思い鼠よら *東洋大学工学部 (昭 科51年7月30臼 受 理) **Faculty of engineering , Toyo university ぬ現象が発生するので,工 事担当者は細心の注意が要求される. ここに述べる茨城県牛久町の例はその好例で,大 規模な下水道工事によって惹 き起された地下水系 の変化がここに起 っている種々の問題の要因として重要な意味をもっているとい うケースである. 調査は現在進行中で最終結論にいたっていないが,と りあえず概要を報告 し,読 者の御批判を仰 ぐ 次第である◎ 本調査には多 くの地元の人の協力をいただいた◎ とりわけ筆者に最初にこの問題 をなげかけて くれ た牛久町の一主婦安藤悼子氏には調査中いろいろとお世話になった.こ こに記 して感謝申し上げる◎ 2.地 形,地 質の概要 本地区はいわゆる稲敷台地 と呼ばれている武蔵野面相当の洪積台地の一角に位置する◎標高は25m 程度で北西に高 く,南 東に低い.こ の台地には台地に水源を有する小河掛があって樹枝状に台地 を刻 んで流れ,利 根川あるいは霞ケ浦に注いでいる. これらの河Jllと台地の比高は10~15mで ある◎調査地区は図一1に 示 したように北限を小野川が流 れ,西 に牛久沼の低地がある.ま た南は利根川沿いに広がる沖積平野をのぞんでいる◎ 当地区及びその周辺の地質については,真 野勝友(1969),常 総団研 グループ(1969),関 東 農 政 局 (1970),馬 場勝良,青 木直昭(1972)等 の研究がある◎細部については必ず しも意見の一致をみてい ないが,こ れらの知見にもとついて当地区にあるボー リング資料を区分すれぽつぎのよ うになろ う. なおここで成田層 とした部分 と,こ れ以浅の部分 とでは標準貫入試験 のN値 が極端に異なるのが温 目される.即 ち前者では20以 上(深 部では50以 上)を 示 し,固 結度の高い ことが推定され る の に 文 し,後 者では5前 後 といった ぐあいで,か な りルーズである.つ ま りここに明らかに地層の明確な墳 界を考える必要がある.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116823589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Forecast of the Temperature of Groundwater by the Simulation Model: Heat Transfer on Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer@@@被圧帯水層中の定常流に伴う熱移動","authors":"S. Akibayashi, Shozo Tanaka","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.17.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.17.1","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature distribution of groundwater in a confined aquifer was numerically analysis by the simulation model shown in Fig. -1. These results offer substantial benefits when caning out hot water injection into water","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122246516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Water of Cambodia","authors":"M. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.11.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.11.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"32 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129278300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow System of Shallow Groundwater in Hohu Plain","authors":"K. Yuhara, A. Takeuchi, K. Kitaoka, K. Ushijima, Toshio Yamamoto","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.25.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.25.17","url":null,"abstract":"The groundwater in Hohu plain is recharged by the seepage from Saba river, creeks and paddy fields. The inflow to and the outflow from the groundwater are balanced in a short period, but for a long period, the level is decreasing by several centimeters a year during the last fifteen years. It brings about gradually the sea-water intrusion to the fresh groundwater. <BR> Flow route of the groundwater can be detected by the head and the temperature distributions, and by 1 m depth ground temperature survey. <BR> The main large wells in the area penetrate the lower aquifer which is separated by an aquiclude from the surface zone, so the vertical flow must be considered to be dominant for the whole groundwater flow system. The analysis of the flow and the balance of the groundwater, using quasi-three dimensional model for underground structure, results that the total recharge is 67.5&times; 10<SUP>6</SUP> m<SUP>3</SUP>/year, 60% of which, 39.9 &times; 10<SUP>6</SUP>m<SUP>3</SUP>/year, is discharged from the wells, and the rest flows to the sea.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127636191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Annual Runoff Ratio of the Sozu Spring in the North-western Area of Mt. Waita, Kumamoto Prefecture.","authors":"T. Ozaki","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.23.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.23.79","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of studying the quantity of groundwater in mountainous area, the author considered the relation betwcen precipitation and discharge of the Sozu spring which is located on the volcanic region in the northern part of Kumamoto prefecture. The Sozu spring is one of the springs found at the foot of Mt. Waita, composed of Quaternary volcanic rocks. <BR> The author measured total amount of discharge of above-mentioned five springs, streams, and estimated that the catchment area is 4. 10 km<SUP>2</SUP> from topography. Also, the author compared five hydrologic years' precipitation data, from January 1975 to March 1980, of the area studied with records of discharge of the Sozu spring. So, the author found the estimated catchment area of the Sozu spring is 1. 90 km<SUP>2</SUP> in average, based on three times' measurements of discharge and their results of ranging from 1. 85 km<SUP>2</SUP>to 1. 96 km2. Theauthorpointedoutinthecourseofthestudy. 1)Relationsbetweenannualprecipitat1on(P)intheareaandannualrunoffratio(R/P)ofthisspringare showninthefollowingequati◎n=","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125729706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Contaminant Transport in Groundwater with Microbial Reaction: Development of a Structured Model: 構造モデルの開発","authors":"Yoko Kurobane, T. Furuichi","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.28.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.28.89","url":null,"abstract":"In the case of soil microbial populations, cell number and microbial activity are not always correlated in actual measurement, which causes difficulty in studying groundwater pollution with organic matter. The structured growth model of Williams (1967) is improved on a few points and a model of microbial activity and cell number named WMFM (Williams-Monod-Fredrickson Model) is newly developed. WMFM successfully simulates the actual microbial population behavior in a batch culture and a soil column continuously furnishied with substrate. WMFM simulation in a soil column is compared between different values of microbe carrying capacity of soil, mmax. While there is only a little difference in the cell number, a great discrepancy exists in microbial activity during some growth stages. To obtain the numerical solution of model equation for the soil column, operator splitting is employed. The equation is spilt up into physical transport term and biological reaction term, and then the former is solved by finite element method, the latter by the Gear technique.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132873585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}