THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Technical Problems of Electric Analog Model for Ground Water Analysis Part I A continous analog model","authors":"M. Shoda","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.14.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.14.21","url":null,"abstract":"The author made experiments on ground water flow with two type electric analog models: One is a continuous model and another is adiscrete model. <BR> It is the purpose of this paper to point out several technical problems of these analog models. Two dimensional horizontal flow is dealt with in continuous analog model. In this model, the analogy between fluid flow through porous media and flow of electricity through conductive materials is considered taking two factors into account. They are the form of boundary and the distribution of potentials. <BR> An analog apparatus is comprised of a power supply, an analog analyser, a probe and a pantograph. Potential distribution is measured on analog model. An analogyanalyser which uses the principle of wheatstone's bridge, and a potential dividers which give several potentials separately to analog model were made dy the author A sheet of cardon paper is used as a conductive material. The electrode is made by bending wire plated by tin and is attached to model by conductive silver paint. Areal differences in permeability are expressed by carbon paint. The conductive paper having the same shape as the actual field with a scale of 1/50,000 is constructed and silver paint or carbon paint are painted so as to represent field condition such as flood plain, old river channel, etc. <BR> Lastly, error or reliability of the continuous analog model are examined. Following problems are listed up. <BR> 1) When a electrode is small, the contact resistance between electrode and conductive paper <BR> became important and measured values become unstable. <BR> 2) The model can not express areal differences in permeability quantitatitvely. <BR> 3) In high voltage area of an analog model, sensibility of galbanometer is too high to measure <BR> a potential distribution. <BR> 4) The continuous electric analog with conductive paper is suitable of simple systems, for example, a seepage flow an earth dam and a channel.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116625849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeologic Features of Lava-Flows in Fuji Region","authors":"Toshio Murashita","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.26.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.26.185","url":null,"abstract":"Many aquifers are hydrogeologically classified as two types of soil and rock. <BR> The pore and permeability of fractured rocks are larger than those of soil. In permeable zones of fractured rock, ground water is very easy to flow, and water level rises rapidly under rainfall. <BR> The lava-flows in Fuji region with cooling joints, fractures, tubes, vesicles have the highest transmissivity. According to the observation data of wells in the lava-flows, the cyclic fluctuations of the water level reflect recharge from seasonal rainfall. The serious salt-water intrusion into the lava-flows since 1960 occurred as the result of overdraft in the region. <BR> The management of ground-water resources was started in 1967, and the net effect of the regulation of pumping is the rapid rising of the regional water level and the recovery of fresh water in the salt-water contaminated lava-flows after several years.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125776372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clogging of Artificial Recharge Well","authors":"Toshio Murashita, S. Nagai","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.14.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.14.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122180826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Fluctuation Behavior of Ground Water with Models","authors":"Ryojiro Kishimoto","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.16.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.16.9","url":null,"abstract":"Theory and procedures for analyzing and forecasting the fluctuation behavior of ground water with models are proposed and explained in this report. 1) Elements of the models <BR> The models of the aquifer consist of cylinders, connection pipes and water contained in all these vessels. <BR> Four basic types of cylinder are presented here, each type representing one of the different types of aquifers containing the ground water. Each connection pipe connects two cylinders and expresses a thin hole through which the ground water flows. Each connection pipe has a characteristic physical quantity representing the ease of passage of the flow. The water level in a cylinder expresses a ground water level in an aquifer. The behavior of ground water is to be simulated here by the rules of calculation governing the water flow in the models. <BR> 2) 'he behavior of the ground water in an area <BR> The aquifers in an area can be expressed with a few cylinders connected with pipes. After assuming the value of the characteristic physical quantity of each pipe, the initial value of the water level in each cylinder, the supply from surface water, etc., the discharge per nnit time through each pipe, the water level in each cylinder after a unit time and other values can be calculated. By repeating identical calculations as many times as required, the fluctuation behavior within a period can be calculated. If no close agreements exist between observed and calculated results, the same trial calculations should be repeated with different assumptions until a close agreement is obtained. <BR> 3) Idealized models <BR> Several idealized models were conposed, and various behavior of ground water often observed in field were qualitatively explained with them. <BR> 4) Examples <BR> A few examples of the fluctuation behavior observed in field were analyzed in the manner described in 2), and close agreements between observed and calculated results were obtained.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129414043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Groundwater Resources in Ethiopia","authors":"Kan Katoh, M. Ohta","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.24.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.24.16","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is located in&ldquo;Horn f Africa&rdquo;, the south-eastern corner of African continent. It is known as only one noncolonized country with&ldquo;Axum&rdquo; civilization in ancient age Africa. This country fell behind the time untill recent time economically and industrially. The development of groundwater is the most fundamental matter to this country. <BR> On the request from the Ethiopian government, the technical cooperation for development of groundwater resources was carried out by the Overseas Technical Cooperatien Agency (now Japan International Cooperation Agency). <BR> The authors stayed for two or four years and carried out researches on groundwater development. They classified the five groundwater types, based upon the geological condition. <BR> 1. Precambrian crystalline rocks type <BR> 2. Mesozoic marine sedimental rocks type <BR> 3. Tertiary Trap volcanic rocks type <BR> 4. Quaternary Aden volcanic rocks type <BR> 5. Quaternary fluvial or lacustrine sediment type <BR> Main aquifer are Trap volcanic rocks which are distributed in the north-western and south-easern highlands, and Aden volcanic rocks and Quaternary sediment which occupy bottom of the Rift valley. These are influenced by the hot springs in some places. <BR> Precambrian crystalline and Mesozoic marine sedimental rocks are recongnized as aquifuge. The former is distributed in the northern part of this country and the latter in the south-easern part. Only wethered portion of the rocks and related fluvial sediments along the river courses can be expected to be aquifer. 毒 地質調査 所, Geological Survey of Japan 紳 国土調査株式会社 Kokudo Survey Co. Ltd","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126592606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Water of the Desert Area in Northern Chile","authors":"Toshio Murashita, Kaneo Kakegawa, T. Tsuchiya","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.24.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.24.46","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a brief outline of ground-water resources in the desert area in the northern part of Chile. <BR> In Pampa Lirima, 4, 000 meters above sea level, the aquifer is under flowing artesian condition, and its thickness is about twenty meters. <BR> In Pre-Andes area, 1, 500-,2, 700 meters above sea level, hot springs are the principal sources of drinking and irrigation for inhabitants. <BR> In Pampa del Tamarugal, the artesian water, replenished with the rive water in the summer, is pumped up for the water supply and mining. <BR> Most of ground water is rich in sodium and salfate, which are derived principally from the Andes volcanos.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115408803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsteady Dynamic Analyses of Free Surface and Under ground Fresh-Salt Interface by Means of Boundary Integral Equation Method and Their Applications to Field Problems","authors":"Kuniaki Sato, T. Fukuhara","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.28.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.28.135","url":null,"abstract":"The boundary integral equation method gives the efficiencies associated with the reduction of the dimensionality of a problem. This paper deals with the unsteady behavior of moving free surface and fresh-salt interface on the basis of the boundary integral equation method. The formulation and numerical discretization techniques for solving the dynamics of moving interface are explained, and theoretical results are compared with some experiments to examine the applicability of numerical computation. For the sake of practical use, two problems concerning an artificial land and rock cavern for stock piling are analized in coastal aquifers. As a result of serveral analyses, the applicability of boundary integral equation method for analyzing the moving interface as well as the characteristics of interface are confirmed.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131606520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Chemical Characteristics of Ground water in Fuji Area","authors":"K. Ikeda","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.24.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.24.77","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern foot area of Mt. Fuji, including its lower flank and the coastal plain to the south in Shizuoka Prefecture, is a suitable field to study the relationship between hydrogeology and chemical characters of ground water. <BR> Aquifers in the area are distributed in the volcanic strata from the volcanoes [Ko(Old)-Fuji, Fuji, and Ashitakaj and in the alluvial deposits. These aquifers are under a mineralogically uniform condition. Analytical data of natural ground water and leaching experiments on the rocks indicate that the ground water can be grouped by the water temperature, ratio of chemical constituents, bicarbonate (HCO<SUB>3</SUB>-) content, total dissolved solids, and others. The g -ound water borne at the depth of 150-250 m in coastal area has a matked discontinuity of HCO<SUB>3</SUB>concentration, which is related with the geology. <BR> Chemical constituents in water of the volcanic layers seem to originate from processes of weathering of volcanic rocks. The constituents in water can be explained as a results of weathering reactions.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123671456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeological Features of Ryomo Area in Tochigi Prefecture","authors":"Fumio Bekki, Yuji Une, T. Shirakawa","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.25.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.25.183","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some hydrogeological features of Ryomo area in Tochigi Prefecture, based on the investigation for an appropriate usage of groundwater (1975, 1979, 1981) and the integrated investigation of hydraulics and hydrogeology in Tokyo urban area (1974) which were carried out by Tokyo Regional Bureaw of International Trade and Industry. <BR> This paper is summarized as follows ; <BR> 1. The investigated area consists of mountains, hills, plateaus and lowlands, which are put in order from surrounding mountainous area towards a center of Kanto-plane. <BR> 2. The mountains comprise consolidated hard rocks such as granitic rocks, volcanic rocks and Paleozoic formations. The area except the mountains is composed of unconsolidated formations such as Tertiary and Ouaternary system. <BR> 3. The above unconsolidated formations results unconformably upon the impervious basement comprising the consolidated rocks and are divided into six formations such as formation&ldquo;F&rdquo;to forma ion &l&rdquo;quo;A\". <BR> 4. A form of the impervious basement indicates existence of two waste-filled valleys at both sides of the Ota observation well. One of them was called &ldquo;Kinugawa waste-filled valley&rdquo;by Dr. Akio Suzuki. And it is estimated that a hill lies in the gound at the extention of the Utsunomiya hill. <BR> 5. The thermal gradient of groundwater is divided into three groups in the investigated area. The thermal gradient is 1&deg;C/100 m in south of Tone river and is 3&deg;C/100 m in north of Tone river. Further, it is 5&deg;C/100 m in the Watarase basin. <BR> 6. Groundwater quality varies from CaSO<SUB>4</SUB> type to Ca (HCO<SUB>3</SUB>) type on the Key-diagram correspondent with a depth of respective formations. And it is likely thet there is a higher concentration in sodium ion in the area where is affected by groundwater of the basement. <BR> Although above mentioned results were led from the study, further, a palaeogeographicai study is required on difference of the thermal gradient of groundwater and on a type of groundwater. 株式会社 日さく NISSAKU CO., LTD","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122874677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Characteristics of Groundwater in the Hydrologic Cycle of the Aso Volcano","authors":"M. Shimotsu","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.28.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.28.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124283271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}