{"title":"Regional Division by pH or Eh of Groundwater.","authors":"C. Kondo","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.10.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.10.18","url":null,"abstract":"One area can be 'divided into several sections, 'matching to those of country rocks, by pH or Eh of groundwater. <BR> The author introduced three examples, the above was true. <BR> 1) The Yumoto valley in Ikaho spa, Gumma Pref. is clearly divided into two by the reduction rate of pH at cooling and the value of Eh of thermal waters. (Fig.1 and Fig. 2) <BR> 2) The Hebino river basin in Gumma Pref. is divided into five pH sections. And the Quaternary lacustrine deposits area is distinguished from the area of base rocks, consisting of green tuffs and andesites of Miocene period, by low values of pH and high values of Eh of groundwaters. (Fig. 3) <BR> 3) The Atsumi hot springs district, Yamagata Pref. is divided into four, i.e., northeastern mountains, northwestern mountains, alluvial plain and southern mountains, all which are related to the country rocks respectively, by the values of Eh of groundwaters. <BR> In conclusion, the author proposes the significance of Eh measurement of groundwater. ま え が き 地 下水 のpHは,そ れ が遍歴 中に接 した鉱物 の性質 に よって,一 っの地点で は時期 に よ っ て ち が い,地 域 性 を持 ち,そ の測定 が比較 的容易 な ところか ら,古 くか ら地下 水 にっい ての観測事項 の一 っ とな ってい る.ま た,自 然電位 は岩石 の組成鉱 物の種類 とそれ ぞれ の量 に よって地 中水のpHが ちが うこ とと関連が あ り,筆 者 が 「岩石 お よび鉱物 の溶脱 水の電位お よびpH」 に注 目 して きた理 由 もこ こに ある(x2)(3》. 一方 ,地 下水 のEh(酸 化還元電位差)は 存在 箇処 によ ってちがい,巨 視的 にはpHの 低い ものが Ehが 高い傾 向 を示す が,必 らず しも負 の相 関関係 を示 さず,EhはpHと はまたちが った 挙動 を示 し,地 域性 の点ではpHよ りも優れ てい る場 合が ある. ここに地下水(温 泉水 を含む)のpHな らびにEhが 地質 に対 応 した地域性 を示 した3例 につい て","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123212701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geological Structure and Ground Water Condition on the Catchment Area of Mimi-kawa River.","authors":"M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.8.1_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.8.1_17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115479553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating of Ground Water Flow Inter Basin by Water Balance Method in Large Area An Example in the Western Piedmont of Aso Volcano","authors":"M. Shimotsu, K. Ishizaki, A. Kitagawa","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.21.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.21.100","url":null,"abstract":"In hydrological cycle investigations in large area which has severe' river basins, first of all we must define a general boundary condition considering ground water flow inter basins, before the application of detailed numerical models such as for ground water resource management. <BR> Thus, in this paper, we take up as an applied problem of water balance method in the western piedmont of Aso volcano, because in such volcanic basin lava flows may be found as widely spread plains over some river basins and the lava beds include highly developed fractures and are highly permeable along the fractures, so ground water artery tend to spread widely beyond the divide. <BR> Then in this study, we can estimate E (τ) with water balance equation ( 1 ) in a closed basin. Because P(τ) (precipitation), O(τ) (depth of run-off) are known quantities obtained by observation and <I>ds</I> (change of basin storage) can be neglected to first approximation by taking to an annual period of hydrological balance. Standard value of an annual loss E(τ) is equal to an annual evapo-transpiration in basin, so we assume first a standard value of an annual evapo-transpiration, next we estimate E(τ) each basin and compare estimated E(τ) with a standard value. The difference of the two represents unknown ground water flow rates inter basin. we investigated the actual circumstances to be based on the results. In this way a result which supports the assumption was obtained, that is, the following became clear, in the case of annual evapo-transpiration *日 本土木学会学術講演会1979年10月 口頭発表 **熊 本大学工学部***建 設省土木研究所 in basins = (700mm), ground water flows into the Kase River basin from the Shira River basin, the Gohshi River basin, the Midori River basin, their respective rates of ground water movement are 1. 8 x 108 m3/year, O. 6 x 108 m3/year, O. 7 x 108 m3/year. On the other hand from the Gohshi River basin ground water flows out to other basins rate of 1. 2 x 108 m3/year.","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124883342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the State of Water-well Drilling in Europe","authors":"Tashiro Yokotani","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.11.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.11.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124931364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geochemical Investigations of the. Ground Water at the Piedmont District of Mt. Chokai: とくに山形県遊佐町の地下水について","authors":"Takeo Kato, I. Shida","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.18.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.18.84","url":null,"abstract":"Mt. Chokai rises on the borders of Yamagata and Akita Prefectures and the foot of the mountain reaches westward to the coast of Japan Sea. The coast as well as the margin of the south-western foot is lined with many springs. Yuza Town is built on the alluvial fan of the Gakko River, where several hundreds of artesian wells are drilled and the total discharge of them is estimated at six million tons per year. In this paper, twG types of springs mentioned above, i. e. contact spring and artesian spring, are mainly discussed from the geochemical pOifit of view. The springs of the former type are generally good in quality. The main constituents of dissolved substances are represented by sodium and chloride ions which originate primarily from atmospheric salt transported by sea wind. Regarding the quality of the artesian ground water, pH is in the range of 6.3 to 7.1 and the concentrations of dissolved ions are in the following order : HCO4-)C1-)SO42-, Na2)Ca22+)Mg< P 2+. Several types of phreatic ground water are found on the alluvial fan and its surrounding area. They are geochemically classified into five groups, but in general the main dissolved mineral is sodium chloride as in the case of the artesian ground water there. The quality of the artesian ground water is 1compared statistically with that of the water of contact spring. As a result, the concentrations of sodium, potassium and hloride ions of the latter exceed in average those of the former respectively. 壌.緒 言 鳥海山は,お もに最近活動 した東鳥海火山(宇 井.柴 橋,1975)や 鳥 ノ海(加 藤.米 地,1965)を 中心 とす る西鳥海火山体などか ら構成されている複成火山である(柴 橋,1973).そ め裾野は 日本海 , **Faculty of Education , Yamagata University (昭湘51年11月30日 受理) にまで延びている◎その峨 の陸水に関しては,こ れまで河川についてをよ鞘 川水系の研究(力 藤, 1962)が なされているが,地 下水については何等系統立 った調査 ・研究が行われていない.鳥 海山麓 には・多 くの火舳 鞍 樋 するように(た とえば・カ・藤・・966機 多の謙 カミ分布するし,ま た, その山麓に展開す る月光 川扇状地には,豊 富 な不圧 ・被圧地 下水が包蔵 され ている. わ れわれは,こ れ まで扇 状地地 下水につい ては ,最 上 川水 系の馬見 ガ崎川扇状地(山 形県,1958), 立 谷Jll・高瀬州 扇状地(経 企庁 ・山形県,1959),宮 川 ・須川 水系(経 企庁 ・山形県 ,1960),松 川 扇状地(仙 台通産局 ・1975)お よび泉 田川扇状地(仙 台通産局 ,1976)等 において詳細 な地球化学的 調査 を行 い・その一部につ いてば,す でに報 文(志 田,1960;加 藤 ,1960;加 藤 ら,1970)を 公けに した. そこで・このような経験を もとに,月 光川扇状地の地下水について,被 圧 ・不圧両地下水の鹸暮状 況を明らかにし・さらに水質の特徴を知 るために,1972~1973年 の期間に 現地 調査 を1実施した.ま た・山麓の湧泉についても,そ の分布状況や水質の特徴を知るために,1972年 おもに肉形県邊徒町を 中心にして・それらの調査を行った.本 報では,こ れ らを併せて報告することにしたい.た だし,本 報 で月光州扇状地の地下水と称するのは,こ れを中心にして周辺の地下水をも含めて取 り扱 うもので あることをことわってお く. 2.調 査地域の概要 と井戸の分布 このたびの調査地域は,ほ とんど山形県遊佐町に限 られる.た だ山麓の湧泉については ,秋 田県蒙 かな は が がわ 潟町小砂用以南の海岸を対象としたので,こ れには小砂州地区の二,三 の湧泉 も含まれる.遊 往町は 大部分庄内平野の最北部を占め,そ の西方は砂丘を隔てて日本海に臨み,北 部か ら北東部にかけて鳥 海山につながる◎なお,こ の地域の地形の概略を米地(1972)に 従 って図1に 示す. ムく ら まず・山麓の湧泉の分布状態(図3)を 見ると,1群 は吹浦から小砂川に至る海岸沿いに配列し, シしわたり もう1群 は吹浦か ら東方の山麓(牛 渡川 ・滝渕川流域)に 分布する.そ れぞれ猿穴火山体,西 鳥海火 山帯の熔岩 と基盤岩 との接触部から湧出するものである.こ の海岸は岩石海岸であって,湧 泉は陸上 に限 らず・海底にも分布 し,そ のため海岸沿いの海水の塩分量が低 くな り,そ こに生育する藻類 も内 かん 湾 性,低 鍼性 の種 を主 とす るとい う(金 森,1971).な お,金 森に よれ ば,塩 分量 は小砂川29.8%., きい かわら 吹浦25・9%eで,日 本海の飛島(饗 の磧)34.9%・,庄 内海岸の由良33.4%.に 比較して低 く,海 岸寄 りの 浅海底に淡水の湧出することが裏付け られる◎ 図1に 見 られるように","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126640987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of Water Quality in Groundwater from the Rokko Mountain Area","authors":"Ryuma Yoshioka","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.26.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.26.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125455393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Method for Increasing Natural Recharge of Confined Groundwater","authors":"S. Shindo, Y. Hosono","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.15.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.15.43","url":null,"abstract":"The main contents introduced in this paper are as followings. 1. About mechanism of this method. <BR> We can consider the deep well whose strainers are set in unconfined aquifer and confined aquifer, as the water way which connects confined water and unconfined water (the concidered well is such as combination type of collective well (radial collector well) and normal deep well. <BR> In such area as confined water head is depressed excessively, unconfined water flows down to confined aquifers through above mentioned well. 2. Abut the geological conditions of the investigated area. <BR> In the northern area of the Musashino terrace (Kiyose, Niiza, Wako etc), next geological sequence is recognized. <BR> These strata incline toward northeast with dip of 1/70 (lower)∼1/180(upper) and we can recognize buried valley on the Miura group and on the Lower Tokyo formation. <BR> These conditions are desirable for this method. 3. About hydrogeological condition. <BR> From aquifer test it is clarified that unconfined aquifer and confined aquifer have relatively large transmissibility. 4. About the one example. <BR> By the underwater T. V camera set in a deep well (Oizumi, Nerima, Tokyo) and records of water level fluctuations, the fact that unconfined water flows out from its strainer and flows in confined aquifer is observed and we examined quantitatively natural recharge volume. *東 洋大学工学部土木工学科**自 治省消防研究所 1.は じ め に 地下水の澗渇が各地で問題にされ るようになってか らすでに久 しく,そ れが対策の一つ として,人 工的に地下水を増強する方法 も各方面で試みられ,多 くの報告や論文が公表されている. これ らの結果に共通する問題は,た がいに関連するつぎの3点 にあるもの と思われる. 1)人工地下水の経済性,ま たは各種障害の防止に対する効果(地 下水の利用を前提とすれば,そ の 経済性の問題 とな り,地 下水利用に伴 う各種の障害対策を前提上する場合には,障 害防止に対する効 果如何が 問題 とな る).2)注 入水 の水源 とその水質.3)注 入技術(注 b入 施設の工法,注 入操作な ど) この小論において,筆 者等は,上 述の問題 に付ず いす るマイナス 要 素の軽 減策 の一つ としての試案を提 出 しよ うとす るものであ るが, もとよ り,そ の実現にあた っては,な お細部につ いての検討が なさ 1れ なけれ ばな らない ことは,い うまで もない.一 つ の問題提起 とい うよ うなかたちで御理解いただ き,種 々御批判をいただけれ ば幸い であ る. さて,結 論か ら先にいえぽ深井 戸を浅層帯水層(不 圧地下水)と 深 層帯水層(被 圧地下水)を 結ぶ導水管の よ うに考 え,前 者か ら湧 出す る地下水を管 内に導 き,こ れを 自然流下 させ て,深 部に セ ッ ト された ス トレーナーか ら,深 層 帯水層に注入する とい うもの で,そ の概念 図を示せぽ,図1の よ うに なる.た だ し,こ の ような方式が 可能 となるためには,い くらか の条件 が満た され なけれ ばな らない. 以下に本法の可能性を示唆す る ような実例か ら,述 べ るこ ととす る. この実例は練馬区大泉町にある大泉共栄会の深井戸(共 同水道水 源井,施 工年不 明,深 度約80m)(図7参 照)で た また ま,井 戸改修 に際 して行なわれ た水中テ レビ撮影(三 協工業K.K.実 施)の 結果 と,当 該井戸に筆者 らが設置 した地下水位 の継続 記録に よる解釈を 直接の契機 と した もので,こ れ に筆者 らが従前か ら継続的に調査 し て きた,浅 層,深 層双方 にお よぶ地下水調査 と地 質調査の結果を考 慮 し,検 討を加えた ものである. 2.観 測記録の解析 a.観 測井戸の構造 と配置 観測を行な った 井戸は昭和10年 代に掘 さ くされ た もの とされ てい る以外,ス トレーナーの位置や,深 さ等は不 明であ る. 現在給水人 口約2,000人 を対 象 とした簡 易水道水源 と して利用 さ れ てい るが,需 要量の増大を 補 うため と,井 戸の老朽化に よる揚 水 不能の事態を考えて,本 井か ら約10mは なれた地点に深 さ150mの 井戸が新設 された.工 事完了 とともに 旧井の水中 テ レビ撮 影が行な われ,井 戸の診断がな された. 図2は,そ の1例 であるが,図 示 の深 さの ところか ら,か な りの 量の地下水(位 置か ら考えて,不 圧地下 水 と判 断され る)が 湧 出 してお り,井 戸 内へ流下 してい るのが指摘 された.ほ ぼ同年 代匹掘 られた もの と考 え られ る この付近の他の井戸の記録か ら考える と,写 真の位 置は,ス トレーナ ーと思わ れ,最 近 の被圧地下水位低下のために,井 戸管 内の水面上に露 出 した もの と判 断された. これ らは,現 象 としては,被 圧地 下水に対する地下水の 酒養が 自然に行なわ れ ている もの とみ ることが 出来,旧 井に 自記","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131432855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groundwater Development in Northeast Brazil","authors":"N. Tase","doi":"10.5917/jagh1959.24.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1959.24.39","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the Northeast Brazil is characterized by tropical semi-arid climate and suffers from severe periodical droughts for a long time. The Governments have been developing water resources to cope with droughts and to stablize living standard. <BR> In this paper, the author discussed the present situations of water resources, their characteristics, their problems and the possibility of their developments with reference to groundwater. A realistic approach of groundwater development is also proposed. コーヒー,ア マゾソ,日 系移民などで 知 られ る ブラジルに半乾燥地域があるこ とはあま り知 られて いない.ブ ラジル北東部は大西洋岸沿いの幅60~80 kmの 湿潤地帯の内陸におよそ80万kmaの 広大な 半乾燥地域を有 している.セ ル トソと呼ばれるこの 半乾燥地域は10~15年 周期1)で 大早魅 に見舞われて お り,旱 越の多角地帯 として法律でその範囲を指定 されている(Fig.1). ブラジル政府は1909年 に皐舷対策工事監督局(I FOS)を 設立 して以来今 日まで,貯 水池の建設 井戸掘 り,かんがい組織の造成に努めている.ま た, 1959年 には大早魅 の対策と地域開発の促進のため東 北地方開発庁(SUDENE)を 設立 し,北 東 部 筑波大学地球科学系, Institute of Geoscience, the University of Tsukuba (ノ ルデステ)の 開発計画を実施 してきた.し か しなが ら,依 然 として旱魍の対策,水 資源の確保, 砂漠化の防止など重要 な課題が残されている. 本論では,1979年12月 ~1980年2月 の 現 地 調 査 (パ ライバ,ペ ルナンブコ両州が中心)を ふまえ,ブ ラジル北東部,と くに半乾燥地域の水問題について 地下水の利用や問題点を中心に若干述べる◎","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114946246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of Production Behavior in the Water-Dissolved Gas Field","authors":"S. Akibayashi, P. Zhou","doi":"10.5917/JAGH1959.27.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5917/JAGH1959.27.183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422881,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124339108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}