Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry最新文献

{"title":"Application and processing of laser scanning results in civil construction: a case study of a kindergarten in Truskavets","authors":"I. Bubniak, O. Bilchuk, V. Bevza, A. Zibrovsbkyi, I. Muzychuk, M. Bilyavskyi","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-89-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-89-100","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this work is to create a 3D model and detailed drawings of the structural components of a kindergarten building in the city of Truskavets, based on laser scanning. The methodology is based on using laser scanning to create detailed 3D models and drawings of buildings. This process involves several stages: performing laser scanning of the object, processing the obtained data to create an accurate 3D model, analyzing the model to identify necessary changes or improvements in the structure, and finally, developing detailed drawings based on this model. The method also includes assessing the accuracy and quality of scanning to ensure the reliability of the final results. Results As a result of this work, detailed 3D models and drawings of the construction object were created using laser scanning. The results demonstrated high accuracy and quality of the models, enabling their effective use in reconstruction and repair works. The study also showcased how this technology can enhance design and planning in construction, particularly in the context of renovating existing buildings. These outcomes affirm the efficacy of laser scanning as a tool for modern construction design. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The importance of this work lies in the creation of a high-precision 3D model from laser scanning results, enabling the development of a detailed plan for the reconstruction of the kindergarten. This was the first time a comprehensive set of tasks for creating a 3D model of a kindergarten in Truskavets was carried out, based on laser scanning technology.","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hryhorij Skovoroda and natural science","authors":"A. Drbal, I. Trevoho, A. Vovk","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-38-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-38-42","url":null,"abstract":"A brief biography and activity of the famost Ukrainian philosopher, poet and the musician Hryhorij Skovoroda (*1722-†1794) are described. A special attention is dedicated to his interests in natural sciences and travelling.","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"123 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embuilds volume determination using the GNSS and laser scanning method","authors":"V. Holovachov","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-118-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-118-125","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern period, the calculation of volumes of embankments plays an important role in a number of industries, starting from construction and ending with mining. This calls for the improvement of methods and technologies to ensure accurate and operational calculations of embankment volumes. One of the promising directions in this context is the use of Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) and Mesh models based on data obtained during geodetic measurements. Surveying is a large amount of accurate spatial measurement data that is necessary to create detailed geometric models of objects. The obtained geodetic data allow creating TIN and Mesh models that reflect the relief of the land surface with the necessary accuracy and detail. The use of these models to calculate the volumes of embankments becomes a key element in improving the processes of design, construction and management of natural resources. The purpose of this work is to compare the accuracy of the calculation of embankment volumes based on the data obtained by the hand-held laser scanner Stonex X120GO and the GNSS receiver Stonex S700A. Method. The method of comparing equal-precision measurements was used. Since there were no reference volumes of embankments at the site of the works, the difference between the volumes calculated on the basis of the data obtained with the hand-held laser scanner Stonex X120GO and the GNSS receiver Stonex S700A was used. Also, comparative and visual analysis was used to compare the difference between Mesh models obtained on the basis of different data sources. The results. The accuracy of determining the volumes of embankments obtained by a handheld laser scanner Stonex X120GO and a GNSS receiver Stonex S700A was studied. The average error of the differences between the determined volumes was 4.62%. Point clouds and Mesh models themselves were also analyzed (number of points, triangles, surface shape). The advantages and disadvantages of using a GNSS receiver and a hand-held laser scanner to collect data for calculating the volumes of material mounds are identified. Scientific novelty and practical significance. A technique for checking the accuracy of determining the volume of embankments without known reference values is proposed. The influence of the embankment area error on the accuracy of volume determination was studied. According to the results of the study, it is possible to assert the advantages in the detail of the received data and the speed of shooting when using a manual laser scanner, and about some difficulties associated with the desired presence of a powerful computer, a large array of data, an increase in the volume of camera work in comparison with the data obtained under the time of application of the GNSS receiver and the RTK method for determining the volumes of embankments","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"219 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140775390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ArcGIS in the armed forces to optimize military planning","authors":"T. Kravets, V. Paschetnik, T. Baranova","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-186-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-186-194","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to substantiate the advantages of using this software in comparison with a paper map. Theoretical justification of practical software studies. In modern conditions of military conflict, where strategic management and decision-making determine the effectiveness of actions on the battlefield, the use of advanced technologies becomes an integral part of the functioning of the Armed Forces. One of the key areas of innovation in this context is the use of geographic information systems (GIS), which provide unit commanders with the means to obtain, analyze, and use spatial information. This article is intended to review the practical experience of using GIS in the Armed Forces, particularly focusing on important aspects related to unit management. The basis of our research is the experience and use of the ArcGIS geoinformation system, which was used in the military. The main advantages and capabilities of this system from the point of view of the unit commander are considered, as well as how these technologies can improve leadership and interaction on the battlefield. Method. Methods of analysis of key system functions, including ArcMap, ArcScene, and other modules, were used to understand their potential for unit management. A comparison with paper maps was made: a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of regulations on paper topographic maps and in ArcGIS software. Methods of systematization and generalization of scientific information: the advantages of 3D Visualization are highlighted, the study of ArcScene capabilities to improve understanding of the terrain in a three-dimensional format, details and advantages of using special tools for military analysis and management. The results. As a result of the study of the use of the ArcGIS geoinformation system by the unit commander, it was established that the implementation of ArcGIS significantly accelerates a number of actions related to the deployment of artillery, the time required to hit an unplanned target is reduced. Tactical planning is improved: the use of Military Tools for ArcGIS allows the commander to effectively manage and control the actions of his units and the enemy, the creation of tactical symbols and artificial maps simplifies the planning of tasks and responding to unexpected circumstances. The use of 3D Visualization in ArcScene allows you to get a three-dimensional overview of the area, improving the perception of the commander of the unit of the situation. Built-in functions such as centering and zooming in on the target make it easy to monitor objects in real time. The obtained results indicate the great potential and advantages of using the ArcGIS geographic information system in military management, which can lead to an increase in the efficiency and success of military operations. The scientific novelty is that although the ArcGIS software is in service with many NATO countries and is being implemented in the Armed Forc","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"63 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On improving the accuracy of analytical and numerical methods ofgeodesic and cartometric operations","authors":"D. Kin","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-149-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-149-160","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of this work is to determine and justify the use of analytical and numerical geodetic and cartometric methods on the reference ellipsoid, as well as their calculation accuracy in the geographic information environment. Methodology. The research compiled a register of geodetic and cartometric methods used in geodetic practice and implemented in modern geographic information systems. Standard tools in GIS often use approximate numerical methods, which affects the accuracy of models of geospatial objects in the GIS environment. Therefore, we have analysed and established for each operation of geodetic and cartometric methods a mathematical model that determines a particular cartometric property with maximum accuracy either by analytical or numerical methods with the number of terms in the binomial series of 6 or more. Results. The author proposed 10 operations of the geodetic method and 3 operations of the cartometric method, for which mathematical models and their accuracy were established and substantiated with their corresponding implementation in the MATLAB v. R2018a. The defined list of geodetic and cartometric operations made it possible to move away from the classification of distance lengths that influenced the further use of certain surfaces (map projection plane, sphere, spheroid, or reference ellipsoid) and mathematical models of operations. The presented mathematical models allow performing the relevant geodetic and cartometric methods with maximum accuracy using modern computer technologies. The mathematical models of geodetic and cartometric methods are investigated, which have practically no limitations for achieving the required accuracy, especially for large and ultra-large distances. The scientific novelty of the research is to define and justify a clear list of mathematical models of numerical and analytical geodetic and cartometric methods instead of cartometric methods on the map and standard methods of instrumental GIS; using the surface of the reference ellipsoid, and not just cartographic projections, spheroid or sphere. The practical significance of the research lies in the use of numerical and analytical geodetic and cartometric methods that significantly increase the accuracy of operations in these works, as well as in the creation/updating of digital topographic maps, navigation and route planning, etc. The research results can be concluded that well-founded mathematical models will ensure an increase in the accuracy of computational operations taking into account the curvature of the Earth in all sectors and areas of the economy, which will affect the quality of accounting and monitoring of relevant objects, integration and geospatial analysis of heterogeneous geospatial data, improve the quality (topological consistency) of geospatial data, etc","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosscutting cartographies: ontological and linguistic modeling","authors":"V. Chabaniuk, O. Dyshlyk","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-126-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-126-139","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 50s of the last centuries, cartographic science has been operating with several theoretical constructions, which, from the viewpoint of the formal concept of theory, should be called “pre-theories”. This term is used to denote those of them that are “close” to theories, but are not. “Pre-theories” of cartography in the West are called “paradigms” of cartography, and in Eastern Europe until recently they were called “conceptions” of cartography. According to A. Berlyant, at the end of the last century, one of the three most famous conceptions of cartography in Eastern Europe was the language conception. The other two were communication and model-cognitive conceptions. In our century, the language conception does not develop and remained a pre-theory. Other conceptions and/or paradigms have not developed into a theory of cartography. Now, for such pre-theories, the unifying term “paradigm” is more often used, which we will also use. The lack of a theory of cartography is the first and main problem, one of the possible solutions of which is proposed in the work. The possibility of creating a theory of new, let’s say, systems cartography, now seems to us to be premature, unconstructive, although it is very necessary from the viewpoint of both theory and practice. More constructive is the possibility (and necessity) of a certain “systemic” evolution of theoretical cartography, which can be reduced to the primary creation of a paradigm of one or few “updated” cartographies, as close as possible to systems cartography. It follows from the general theory of systems that such an update should be carried out in two directions – “subject” and “relational”. In the subject direction, map subjecrs are studied, and in the relational direction – the relations between maps. An updated cartography/s will be defined if agreed upon and updated accordingly: 1) domain of inquiry, 2) body of knowledge of the domain of inquiry, and 3) methodology of inquiry. In this case, there is a high chance of obtaining an one or more renewed cartography paradigms by developing one or more existing cartography paradigms. The necessary updating of the relational direction can be achieved by renewing the so-called “crosscutting” paradigms of cartography. They are considered in this article from a systemic viewpoint. The specificity of the article is the consideration of the outlines of all three specified components from the viewpoint of renewing crosscutting cartographies. “Crosscutting” or “intersecting” are conceptions and/or paradigms of cartography that are in a certain sense “perpendicular” to classic “subject” cartographies, such as, for example, the communication paradigm. Examples of crosscutting cartographies are metacartographic (Bunge, Aslanikashvili) and language (Liuty, Pravda, Ramirez) conceptions/paradigms. Actualization of studies on crosscutting cartographies makes it possible to clarify all three components of the renewed cartography as a science, which ar","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"421 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of the geospatial data publicity in Ukraine during wartime","authors":"A. Martyn, I. Trevoho, T. Yevsyukov","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-127-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-127-135","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to analyze the main security risks of geospatial data publicity in Ukraine in wartime conditions. The effectiveness of “cartographic censorship” was evaluated and the existing organizational and legal mechanisms for restricting access to geodata in Ukraine were investigated. Special attention is paid to the importance of unimpeded access to geospatial data in key areas. Methods. A comprehensive approach was used, including the analysis of national legislation and technical regulation of providing access to geospatial data within the framework of the National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data, a comparative analysis with international practices, as well as an assessment of real cases of application of “map censorship”. The evaluation of the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine regarding the publicity of geospatial data in wartime conditions was analyzed on the basis of official documents published in the “Legislation of Ukraine” database of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the current mechanisms of geospatial data management under martial law conditions is presented. The directions of application of new technologies of access regulation, which take into account both the needs of national security and the need for public access to geoinformation in certain areas, are substantiated. Practical significance. The presented recommendations can be used by government and military authorities to optimize access to geospatial data in wartime, ensuring a balance between security and openness of information.","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoinformation system of engineering networks and communications of maritime trading port","authors":"V. Stadnikov, N. Likhva","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-195-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-195-202","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to researching the process of development, implementation and operation of the geoinformation system of engineering networks and communications (GISIS) in the Odesa Sea Trade Port. The beginning of the development of the system began more than twenty years ago. The beginning of the works was preceded by the stage of pre-project studies, the result of which were the technical tasks for the implementation of the works and the project of the structure of information support. The work was carried out in stages, which corresponded to a separate territory and type of work. The purpose of this work is to research the processes of performing field and camera geodetic, photogrammetric, cartographic works, designing and creating a geoinformation database, selecting and adapting specialized geoinformation software, operating and supporting the system during the full life cycle of the geoinformation system. The methodology mainly corresponds to the following algorithm of work performance. At the stage of preliminary design studies: – collection and analysis of data on the exchange of cartographic and analytical information between external organizations, – collection and analysis of data on the exchange of cartographic and analytical information within the enterprise, primarily between engineering services, – description of the existing document circulation system with cartographic and analytical information, – a description of the shortcomings of the existing document management system, – determination of requirements for geo-information software and justification of the configuration of the geo-information software package and its architecture. At the stage of field work: – construction of a shooting justification and definition of data for communication with other coordinate systems, – reconnaissance on the territory of performance of works. Planning field work. – execution of topographical and geodetic works for the purpose of building or updating 1:500, 1:2000 scale plans. Construction of outlines. – performance of engineering and geodetic works for the study of underground communications in order to design the sections of wells and other engineering nodes. At the stage of design (camera works): – based on outlines and electronic survey protocols, development or correction of 1:500, 1:2000 scale plans using geoinformation software. – based on outlines, photofixation materials, construction of diagrams of sections of wells and other engineering nodes in electronic form. – formation of a geo-informational database of the object on the territory of execution of works. – debugging the project in the environment of geoinformation software. – coordination of the project with the engineering services of the enterprise and external organizations. – commissioning the developed project to the customer. Scientific novelty and practical significance – for the first time, research and development of the methodology of creation and support at all ","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"425 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of cartographic equipment (coordinate reference) in the “Mapa” software and hardware complex","authors":"T. Kravets, O. Polets, V. Paschetnyk","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-170-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-170-178","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is research and development of approaches and methods that will improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of objects in the “MAPA” hardware and software complex. This work is aimed at improving the quality and accuracy of geospatial information, which is of great importance for various spheres of activity, including the Armed Forces, cartography, and navigation. The specific goals of the article include: 1. Analysis of the existing methods for determining coordinates and elevations of objects in the “MAPA” hardware and software complex and identifying their limitations. 2. Development and presentation of recommendations that will take into account the elevations of terrain points to improve the accuracy of geospatial determination of coordinates and elevations. 3. Conducting experimental research and testing. This article will contribute to the further development of geospatial technologies and simplify work in areas where the accuracy of coordinates and elevation are critical parameters. Method. Research based on the analysis of available literary sources by this topic, had conducted an overview of scientific works, publications and technological solutions related to the determination of coordinates and elevations of objects. The existing methods of determining coordinates and elevations in the “MAPA” hardware and software complex had compared and analyzed. In the article had experimental studied of the influence of elevations on the determination of coordinates in the “MAPA” software. It had compared of the obtained results with the reference data, the accuracy and features of the research had taken into account. A statistical analysis of the results of the experiments had done for accuracy and reliability assessment. The results. It was found that the existing methods of determining the coordinates of objects in the software and hardware complex “MAPA” have certain limitations, especially with regard to the accuracy of determining the coordinates on the map image. It indicates the demanding to improve the accuracy and reliability of determining the coordinates by this method. The accuracy of the height reference of “MAPY” cartographic materials had studied. A number of experiments had conducted on the test areas using the new method and its results had compared with the values obtained using existing methods from the coordinate catalog. The experiments showed deviations in the accuracy of determining coordinates using a cartographic image. Taking into account the research results in the “MAPA” hardware and software complex can increase the accuracy and reliability of measurements. This study can be used in fields where the accuracy of determining coordinates and heights are critical, in particular the military tasks. Possible areas of further research have been identified, including the expansion of the method to take into account other factors that affect the accuracy of determining the coordinates, and th","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of GNSS measurement models with the use of base stations and radio modules","authors":"A. Celms, I. Trevoho, P. Kolodiy, A. Ratkevics, T. Lidumnieks, M. Brinkmanis-Brimanis","doi":"10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-69-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-47-69-75","url":null,"abstract":"Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) historically been known as one of the newest technologies since the 1970s. GNSS originally developed for military purposes in the USA (GPS – Global Position System). There are several satellite systems in the world. Satelites, International Research Base Stations, regional/national and local base stations form a permanent geodetic frame. Research on the size and shape of the Earth-planet, climate, sea, urban planning. In geodesy, a network of global positioning base stations makes it possible to asses the movements of continents, land plates at international level. GNSS is an important technology in navigation, logistics, economics, land surveying and other “geo” sectors. GNSS equipment/receivers and their manufacturers are applying new designs and electronics. Initially GNSS instruments used with single frequency signal reception, later expanding the number of GNSS signal channels to two frequencies. Such technological improvements nowadays improve the certainty, reliability and accuracy – the overall quality – of GNSS measurements. The GNSS base station enables the surveyors, other user’s GNSS receiver to determine coordinates with an accuracy of two centimeters in real time (RTK) and with an accuracy of five millimetres using the accumulated post-processing data. Various types of factors hamper GNSS measurements. The GNSS signal (radio wave) travels in airspace, in urban environments and is a physical parameter. Any obstacle – tree, building walls, and atmospheric effect – makes GNSS measurements less accurate. The GNSS signal must be strong and free from attenuation and suppression effects. This study develops GNSS models that show the comparison, certainty and reliability of GNSS measurements using different types of GNSS techniques. Evaluation of Latvian Global Positioning Reference Station Network – LatPos system measurements against a corresponding RTK solution method using Latvian Global Positioning Network geodetic point (G2 class).","PeriodicalId":422474,"journal":{"name":"Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}