Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies最新文献

{"title":"Saving Lives and Limiting the Means and Methods of Warfare: Five Indonesian Tafsīr Views","authors":"Ulya Fikriyati, Ahmad Fawaid","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.167-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.167-198","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of non-combatants and restrictions on methods of warfare are two essential aspects of jus in bello. Dawoody’s and Hashmi’s theory states that the classical Islamic scientific tradition discusses jus in bello much more than contemporary Islamic studies do. Contemporary studies are more preoccupied with deciphering jus ad bellum as a response to the West’s stigma against Islam. This article examines the theory in the realm of Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr). Five authoritative Indonesian tafsīrs will be the samples; Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, Marāḥ Labīd, Al-Azhar, Al-Miṣbāḥ, and Firdaws al-Naʻīm. The first two tafsīrs represent the classical era, the third came from the transitional era, and the last two tafsīrs originated from the contemporary era. The article examines the shifting trend through two main issues in humanitarian law: protection of non-combatants, civilians, and civilian objects, and limits on the methods and means of war.[Perlindungan terhadap yang bukan kombatan dan pembatasan model perang merupakan aspek penting dalam prinsip hukum jus in bello. Teori Dawood dan Hashmi menyatakan bahwa dalam tradisi pengetahuan Islam klasik justru lebih banyak membahas jus in bello daripada studi Islam kontemporer. Studi kontemporer cenderung menceritakan jus ad bellum sebagai respon terhadap stigmatisasi barat pada islam. Artikel ini akan membahas lima tafsir Qur’an yaitu: Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, Marāḥ Labīd, Al-Azhar, Al-Miṣbāḥ, dan Firdaws al-Naʻīm. Dua yang awal mewakili masa klasik, tafsir ketiga berasal dari masa transisi dan dua yang terakhir mewakili masa kontemporer. Artikel ini juga membahas pergeseran trend kajian melalui dua isu penting yaitu perlindungan pada non kombatan, sipil dan objek sipil dan pembatasan pada metode dan peralatan perang].","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42698931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dialectic of Religion and National Identity in North Sulawesi Jewish Communities in The Perspective of Cross-Cultural and Religious Psychology","authors":"Sekar Ayu Aryani","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.199-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.199-226","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore how theology and culture influence the national attitude and behavior of Jews in North Sulawesi. The question arises because of Judaism teaching on Promised Land, an always-longed place by the Jews of the diaspora country. The qualitative study employs purposive sampling by using the Cross-Cultural and Religious Psychology approach. It relied on interviews from Jews prominent figures and its followers in North Sulawesi and was complemented by the non-Jews religious leader, documents, and literature. Data analysis consists of data reduction, exploration, and verification. The last step was data contextualization by combining field and library research data. The study found that Jews in North Sulawesi harbored a longing for the Promised Land, but it did not prevent the growth of their nationalism spirit and loyalty to the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, their firm nationalism to Indonesia, and the objective approach to the Promised Land proofing their loyalty to the Torah. This research also discovered, behind the exclusive impression of Jews, their teachings there had a very pluralist and inclusive vision. The study concludes, the assumption that Jews in North Sulawesi will face loyalty problem to the Republic of Indonesia appear unproven, because they can interpret their faith flexibly and rationally.  [Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana teologi dan budaya mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku nasionalisme orang Yahudi di Sulawesi Utara. Pertanyaan itu muncul karena Yudaisme memiliki ajaran tentang Tanah Perjanjian, tempat yang selalu dinanti oleh orang-orang Yahudi di negara diaspora. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan menggunakan pendekatan Psikologi Lintas Budaya dan Agama. Pengumpulan data mengutamakan wawancara dari tokoh-tokoh Yahudi dan pengikutnya di Sulawesi Utara dan para tokoh agama non-Yahudi, kemudian dilengkapi dengan dokumen, dan studi literatur. Analisis data terdiri dari reduksi data, eksplorasi, dan verifikasi. Langkah terakhir adalah kontekstualisasi data dengan menggabungkan data penelitian lapangan dan perpustakaan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa orang-orang Yahudi di Sulawesi Utara menyimpan kerinduan akan Tanah Perjanjian, tetapi itu tidak menghalangi pertumbuhan semangat nasionalisme dan kesetiaan mereka kepada Republik Indonesia. Lebih jauh lagi, nasionalisme mereka yang kuat terhadap Indonesia, dan pendekatan objektif terhadap Tanah Perjanjian membuktikan kesetiaan mereka kepada Taurat. Penelitian ini juga menemukan, di balik kesan eksklusif orang Yahudi, ajaran mereka di sana memiliki visi yang sangat pluralis dan inklusif. Studi ini menyimpulkan, anggapan bahwa orang Yahudi di Sulawesi Utara akan menghadapi masalah kesetiaan kepada Republik Indonesia tampaknya tidak terbukti, karena mereka dapat menafsirkan iman mereka secara fleksibel dan rasional.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Deconstruction: A Comparative Study of the Views of Western and Muslim Theorists and Philosophers","authors":"Ghulam Sarwar Butt, Ihsan ur Rehman Ghauri","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.131-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.131-166","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper deals with the theory of deconstruction, as enunciated by French abstruse theorist and philosopher Jacques Derrida. This notable theory is considered to be one of the most significant theories of Postmodernism, a literary and philosophical trend that is famous for its distrust of ideologies and theories whatsoever and stresses the importance of conventions. This literary and philosophical theory challenges our perceived notions regarding text and their meanings by emphasizing the fact that language is nothing but a chain of signifiers. In other words, it means that meanings of a text–worldly or transcendental–are not stable ones; they are unstable and transient. Though this theory has gained much power and prestige in the realm of literature and philosophy; however, this theory has been castigated both by Muslim and Western philosophers and theorists, too. This paper is a humble effort to analyze the views of some well-known and veteran Muslim and Western theorists and philosophers. [Artikel ini bersepakat dengan teori dekonstruksi yang dikenalkan oleh filosof Prancis Jacques Derrida. Sebagai salah satu teori yang penting dalam teori-teori posmodern, kepopulerannya dalam sastra dan filsafat menggoyahkan ideologi dan teori lain serta menekankan pentingnya konvensi umum. Teori sastra dan filsafatnya menantang apa yang sudah kita yakini tentang teks dan makna dengan menekankan fakta bahwa bahasa bukan apa apa selain rangkain pertanda. Dengan kata lain, makna sebuah teks, imanen atau transenden, adalah tidak tetap, mereka labil dan sementara. Walaupun teori ini mendapat posisi kuat dan prestisius dalam sastra dan filsafat, namun disangsikan oleh beberapa pemikir muslim dan barat. Artikel ini merupakan usaha menganalisa pandangan mereka mengenai teori dekonstruksi, baik dari pemikir muslim dan barat.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42103182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muhammadiyah’s Views and Actions on the Protection of Civilians during the Japanese Invasion of the Netherlands Indies, 1941-1942","authors":"M. Y. Zara","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.91-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.91-130","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on Muhammadiyah largely ignore Muhammadiyah’s perceptions of war. This study explores Muhammadiyah’s thoughts and practices on the protection of civilians in a so far neglected war, namely Japanese invasion of the Netherlands Indies in 1941-1942. Using historical research method, this study scrutinizes previously unexamined primary sources, the weekly magazine Adil, which was published by Surakarta branch of Muhammadiyah, in editions between 1941-1942. By examining edicts from the Central Board of Muhammadiyah as well as the writings of individuals affiliated with Muhammadiyah published by Adil, this study argues that Muhammadiyah was highly attentive to efforts to protect the civilians in times of war, by basing its thoughts on the interplay between Islamic principles and modern ideas about the rights of non-combatants in battle. Muhammadiyah strongly emphasized that during the war the civilians must be protected by the state. It moreover advised people to build spiritual and mental strength so that they can survive the war and advocated a self-protection of civilians by encouraging every resident of the Indies to help each other during the war. It campaigned for the protection of civilians with various methods and by establishing a special agency to organize the protection efforts. This study elucidates the role of Muhammadiyah in providing information, religious guidance and practical supports to its members and the Indonesian people in general regarding the protection of civilians in a war that finally overthrew European colonial powers in Southeast Asia.Studi-studi tentang Muhammadiyah masih mengabaikan tema persepsi Muhammadiyah tentang perang. Kajian ini mengeksplor pandangan dan tindakan Muhammadiyah terkait perlindungan warga sipil di masa perang, dalam konteks yang selama ini terabaikan, yaitu invasi Jepang ke Hindia Belanda pada 1941-1942. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah, studi ini mengkaji sumber-sumber primer yang belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya, yaitu majalah mingguan Adil yang diterbitkan oleh Muhammadiyah cabang Surakarta, di edisi antara tahun 1941-1942. Dengan menelaah maklumat-maklumat Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah serta tulisan individu-individu yang berafiliasi dengan Muhammadiyah yang diterbitkan oleh Adil, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa Muhammadiyah menaruh perhatian besar pada upaya melindungi warga sipil di masa perang, dengan mendasarkan pemikirannya pada saling interaksi antara prinsip-prinsip Islam dan ide-ide modern tentang hak-hak non-kombatan dalam pertempuran. Muhammadiyah sangat menekankan bahwa selama perang warga sipil harus dilindungi oleh negara. Selain itu, Muhammadiyah mengajak masyarakat untuk membangun kekuatan spiritual dan mental sehingga mereka dapat bertahan dari perang dan menganjurkan agar warga sipil berupaya melindungi diri mereka sendiri dengan mendorong setiap penduduk Hindia untuk saling membantu selama perang. Muhammadiyah mengkampanyekan perlindungan warga sipil dengan ber","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Formalization of Sharia in Aceh to Discipline the Female Body","authors":"Zuly Qodir, H. Jubba, Mega Hidayati, D. Mutiarin","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.63-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.63-90","url":null,"abstract":"The formalization of sharia (particularly regional regulations on sharia in Aceh) since 2001 up to 2019 had incorporated economic and political contents between local and national elites. Such condition was a result of local and national elite interests gaining political advantages wherein sharia was utilized as a tool by the elites to dominate civilians. Due to political interests, civilians became marginalized by sharia. The current article demonstrates that local and national political elites had used sharia for their political interests without considering the substantial purpose of sharia itself. Women, in particular, are disadvantaged by the various regulations (qanun) issued by wilayatul khisbah as the guardians of sharia in Aceh. The article also aims to show existing contradictions between the ideal aspirations of wilayatul khisbah and the actual practice of regional regulations pertaining to sharia on the ground, namely the involvement of political elites in advocating sharia, which has not made people become more religious but provoked them to resist in secret instead. Data in the article were acquired through literature study, field observations, and in-depth interviews with a number of informants[Formalisasi syariah Islam di Aceh melalui Peraturan Daerah (Qanun) sejak 2001 telah melibatkan kolaborasi ekonomi dan politik antara elit lokal dan nasional. Situasi tersebut menyebabkan kepentingan elit lokal dan nasional berebut keuntungan politis sebagai alat mendominasi warganya, sehingga menyebabkan kepentingan warga termarjinalisasi. Artikel ini membahas elit lokal dan nasional yang memanfaatkan syariat Islam untuk kepentingannya sendiri tanpa mempertimbangkan tujuan utamanya. Perempuan sering dirugikan oleh sejumlah aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh tim penegak syariat Islam (wilayatul khisbah). Artikel ini juga memperlihatkan kontradiksi antara  aspirasi ideal dan praktik di lapangan lembaga wilayatul khisbah yang mana keterlibatan elit politik dalam advokasi syariat Islam tidak mendorong lebih religius tetapi justru mendorong warga melawan diam-diam. Data artikel ini didapatkan dari studi literatur, observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43654553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Polygyny and Monogamy: Marriage in Saudi Arabia and Beyond","authors":"Sumanto Al Qurtuby","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.29-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.29-62","url":null,"abstract":"Saudi Arabia has long been portrayed as a “hub of polygyny,” a practice of marriage in which a man marries several women simultaneously. However, my recent research among Saudi male youths suggest that this practice is waning nowadays. A younger generation in the Kingdom seems to prefer monogamy—a man marrying one wife—to polygamy for several essential reasons, factors and arguments. Based on interviews and conversations with a number of young Saudis as well as outcomes of survey findings, this article tries to debunk the myth of polygyny in the Kingdom and attempts to understand the rationales and logics behind monogamy choice among male (and female) youths of contemporary Saudi Arabia. The article also briefly highlights the practice of polygyny and monogamy in multiple societies outside Saudi Arabia to compare and gain knowledge on various practices of marriage. Seen from another viewpoint, the article is a reflection of a modern-day fruitful socio-cultural development and change in Saudi Arabia that have received enthusiastic and public acclaim across the globe.Arab Saudi digambarkan sejak lama sebagai ‘pusat poligini’, sebuah praktik pernikahan satu laki-laki dengan sejumlah perempuan secara simultan. Namun dalam penelitian saya terbaru terhadap sejumlah laki-laki muda Arab menyatakan praktik poligini mulai memudar saat ini. Generasi muda di wilayah kerajaan Arab tampaknya mulai memilih monogami, daripada poligami, dengan beberapa alasan, faktor dan argumen yang mendasar. Berdasarkan wawancara dan percakapan dengan sejumlah pemuda Arab yang temuannya menunjukkan, seperti dalam artikel ini adalah menyanggah mitos poligini di kerajaan Saudi dan usaha memahami rasionalitas dan logika monogami pemuda dan pemudi di Arab Saudi dewasa ini. Artikel ini juga sekilas membahas praktik poligini dan monogami di luar Arab Saudi sebagai perbandingan dan pengetahuan mengenai ragam bentuk praktik pernikahan di berbagai masyarakat. Dengan sudut pandang lain, artikel ini mencerminkan kehidupan modern dari aneka perkembangan sosial budaya dan perubahan di Arab Saudi yang menerima semangat dan penerimaan publik lintas dunia. ","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47859719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Islamic Writing Traditions in Southeast Asia: Kitab Jawi and Kitab Kuning with Reference to the Works of Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani","authors":"Jajat Burhanudin","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2022.601.1-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.1-28","url":null,"abstract":"In reference to the works of two leading ‘ulama of 19th century Southeast Asia, Da’ud al-Fatani and Nawawi al-Bantani, this article discusses the establishment of two Islamic writing traditions, the Malay kitab Jawi and the Arabic kitab which turned to be called more recently as kitab kuning. In spite of the same experiences learning in Mecca, Da’ud al-Fatani wrote his works in Malay, while Nawawi al-Bantani’s kitab were in Arabic. These two writing traditions contributed to the formation of Islamic knowledge among the Muslims of the period, leading the two ‘ulama emerged as the intellectual fathers of Islamic dynamics in respectively Patani-Malaya and Java in Indonesia. In addition to the reason and the ways the two ‘ulama wrote their works in in two different writing styles, other point to highlight is that these kitab Jawi and kitab kuning grew alongside the rise of different Islamic leadership in two major Muslim areas in the region.Artikel ini membahas dua kitab kuning berbahasa Melayu Jawa dan Arab di Asia Tenggara yang merupakan karya Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani. Da’ud al-Fatani menulis dalam bahasa Melayu, sedangkan Nawawi menulis kitab dalam bahasa Arab meskipun keduanya sama-sama belajar agama di Mekkah. Dua kitab ini berkontribusi dalam formasi pembentukan pengetahuan keislaman muslim di Asia Tenggara dan kedua orang tersebut menjadi pembimbing kemunculan dinamika intelektual di Patani dan Jawa abad 19. Keduanya juga hidup di masa kepemimpinan Islam mayoritas yang berbeda wilayah yang mempunyai peran penting dalam pemilihan bahasa, semacam liberasi kognitif, dalam gerakan sosial keagamaan. Penulisan kitab ini bukan sekedar kegelisahan intelektual semata, tetapi mengakar kuat dalam sikap mental yang dominan dalam karakter kepemimpinan Malayu dan Jawa Islam.  ","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maqāṣidi Tafsir: Uncovering and Presenting Maqāṣid Ilāhī-Qur’anī into Contemporary Context","authors":"A. Wijaya, Shofiyullah Muzammil","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2021.592.449-478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.449-478","url":null,"abstract":"This writing discusses maqāṣidi tafsīr (the interpretation that represents God’s intention). It endeavors to answer three questions: Firstly, what are models of maqāṣidi tafsīr that are in circulation? Secondly, what are their strengths and weaknesses? Thirdly, what are the true forms of maqāṣidi tafsīr? Historical approach is employed to answer the first question, whereas critical hermeneutics and philosophy are used to discussed the second and third questions. Using the intellectual history, the process of the formation of maqāṣidi tafsīr will be discovered; critical hermeneutics will uncover its strengths and weaknesses; and new frameworks will be formulated for contemporary contexts using philosophical hermeneutics. It is expected from this writing that maqāṣidi tafsīr will remain theologically, epistemologically and hermeneutically well-established so that it will be considered as one of alternative approaches in the Quranic studies. Three conclusions are drawn from this writing: firstly, maqāṣidi tafsīr is in the process of becoming a theory for studying the Qur’an. Secondly, maqāṣidi tafsīr does have strength and weaknesses. It originates from Islamic tradition, and becomes a kind of alternative-moderate between two extreme tafsīrs: textual and liberal-substantialist. Still, it is not yet well-established in term of theology, epistemology and hermeneutics. Third, maqāṣidi tafsīr combines three approaches in locating what God wants in the Quran, because it is not only textual, ideal-moral, but also spiritual-substantial. [Artikel ini membahas tafsir maqāṣid dengan menjawab tiga pertanyaan yaitu seperti apa model tafsir maqāṣid yang beredar saat ini, apa kelemahan dan kelebihan dari model tersebut, dan bagaimana bentuk tafsir maqāṣid yang sebenarnya. Pertanyaan pertama dijelaskan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan pertanyaan kedua dan ketiga dijelaskan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika kritis dan filosofis. Sejarah intelektual digunakan untuk menelusuri proses pembentukan tafsir maqāṣid sedangkan hermenuetika kritis digunakan untuk menilai kekuatan dan kelemahan serta hermeneutika filosofis untuk mereformulasi kerangka baru sesuai konteks kontemporer. Artikel ini mencoba meyakinkan secara teologis, epistemologis, dan hermeneutis bahwa tafsir maqāṣid akan semakin mapan dan bisa menjadi alternatif pendekatan dalan studi Qur’an. Tiga kesimpulan dalam artikel ini adalah pertama, tafsir maqāṣid sedang berproses menjadi sebuah teori dalam studi Qur’an. Kedua,meski mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan, pendekatan ini bisa menjadi alternatif moderat antara tafsir tektual dan liberal-subtansialis. Terakhir, pendekatan ini menggunakan tiga kerangka pikir dalam memahami maksud Tuhan dalam Qur’an, teks, ideal moral dan juga spiritual substansial.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differing Responses to Western Hermeneutics: A Comparative Critical Study of M. Quraish Shihab’s and Muḥammad ‘Imāra’s Thoughts","authors":"Sahiron Syamsuddin","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2021.592.479-512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.479-512","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with Muslim scholars’ responses to Western hermeneutics and its application to the Qur’an. It focuses on the thoughts of two thinkers, i.e. M. Quraish Shihab from Indonesia and Muḥammad ‘Imāra from Egypt, and discusses them in a comparative critical way. On the basis of the available data, its author comes to the following conclusions. First, the two scholars have different receptions of the Western hermeneutics. While ‘Imāra rejects it totally only because it is rooted in the Western tradition that is different from the Islamic tradition, Shihab accepts it with some considerations on the basis that it can widen horizons of Qur’an interpreters, so that they might understand the Qur’an in a more careful way. Second, ‘Imāra’s arguments for his rejection of it are not strong enough, and even constitute misunderstandings of hermeneutical theories, whereas Shihab’s arguments can be considered more plausible, even though in some cases he does not give enough elaborations. Third, these responses have a certain impact on the dynamics of hermeneutical approaches in Indonesia. [Artikel ini membahas respon ilmuwan muslim mengenai ilmu hermeneutik barat dan penerapannya pada Qur’an. Tulisan ini fokus pada dua pemikir muslim yaitu M. Quraish Shihab dari Indonesia dan Muḥammad ‘Imāra asal Mesir serta mendiskusikannya dalam kerangka perbandingan kritis. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pertama, dua ilmuwan tersebut berbeda dalam penerimaan hermeneutik barat. ‘Imāra menolak sepenuhnya karena berakar pada tradisi barat, sedangkan Shihab menerimanya dengan beberapa pertimbangan selama dapat memperluas cakrawala penafsiran Qur’an dan dapat memahaminya dengan berhati-hati. Kedua, argumen penolakan yang diajukan ‘Imāra tidak cukup kuat dan kadang terdapat kesalahpahaman teoritikal, sedangkan argumen Shihab lebih masuk akal, walaupun dalam beberapa bagian ia tidak memberikan penjelasan lebih lanjut. Ketiga, kedua respon ilmuwan tersebut mempunyai dampak signifikan pada dinamika pendekatan hermeneutik di Indonesia.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Ethics and the Philosophy of Its Existence; An Outline of the Theory of “Common Beliefs”","authors":"Mohsen Shiravand, S. Razi","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2021.592.423-448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.423-448","url":null,"abstract":"Countless scientific efforts have been made for tackling the environmental crises and a relative success is achieved in awakening of different nations as regards the seriousness of the ever-increasing crisis. The current essay is also an effort in the same spirit. The goal of this essay is providing an outline of the Theory of “Common Beliefs”. This essay proves that animals like humans have such common beliefs as monotheism, prophecy and resurrection. Moreover, due to the difficulty of the acceptance of this idea for the mainstream minds, the possibility of the existence of such a claim is demonstrated based on the philosophical principles of Mulla Sadra. The method used in this research is documented-analytical using library sources. The main source of this study is Holy Quran, the exegeses of Quran, Islamic traditions as well as the works of Sadra and his followers. Among the results of the present research are making this claim acceptable in view of the rational and philosophical principles, creation of a spiritual, peaceful, and even humane sense in the domain of environment, establishment of an environmental law based on a generous interaction between the man and the animal and arrangement of the interreligious dialogues among the religiously grounded cultures. [tak terhitung usaha ilmiah dalam menghadapi krisis lingkungan dan cukup banyak keberhasilan yang dicapai dalam kebangkitan beberapa negara serius merespon pertambahan krisis. Dengan semangat yang sama, artikel ini ingin menyajikan outline teori Common Belief yang membuktikan bahwa binatang seperti halnya manusia menerima prinsip monoteisme, takdir dan kebangkitan kembali. Mengingat kesulitan penerimaan ide ini bagi orang awam, kemungkinan eksistensi klaimnya dapat ditunjukkan berdasarkan prinsip filosofisnya Mulla Sadra. Artikel ini menggunakan metode analisis dokumen dengan sumber utamanya adalah Qur’an, tafsir Qur’an, karya Mulla Sadra dan murid-muridnya. Beberapa kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa klaim bisa diterima secara rasional dan filosofis, penciptaan spiritualitas, kedamaian, masuk akal dalam konteks lingkungan, dan kemapanan hukum lingkungan berdasarkan hubungan baik antara manusia dan mahluk hidup (binatang) serta mengatur dialog lintas keyakinan dengan latar budaya masing-masing].","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}