Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of obliterated root canals using various guided endodontic techniques: a case series","authors":"Antonietta Bordone, Cauris Cauvrechel","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article reports on 4 endodontic treatments of obliterated teeth using a guided endodontic (GE) technique. The aim is to demonstrate the benefits and limits of guided endodontics. \u0000Cases: The 4 patients consulted for endodontic treatment of an obliterated tooth. The teeth did not respond to pulp vitality tests. Retroalveolar X-rays and conebeam (CBCT) revealed the presence of a periapical lesion and of root canal obliteration. Patients’ permission was obtained to perform GE orthograde endodontic treatment. The first case was treated by GE using a closed guide and a metal sleeve. The second presented a more complex situation with the canal obliterated to the apical third of the tooth. Treatment of the third case involved the use of a closed guide without a metal sleeve. The fourth case was done using an open guide technique and the 2ingis system guiding the head of the contra-angle.   \u0000  \u0000Treatment planning and guide manufacture were achieved by means of software programs initially designed for implantologists but which can also be used by endodontists. Root canal patency was restored in all patients. In each of the 4 cases, drilling was done using a small diameter (0.75 mm) cylindrical drill (FFDM Pneumat Tivoly). Once canal patency was restored using a C+ file, classic endodontic treatment could be performed.    \u0000  \u0000Conclusion: GE assists endodontists in the management of complex cases by enabling centered drilling of the canal with no risk of deviating significantly from the virtually planned path. The novel choice of a small-diameter drill (0.75 mm) helps preserve the dental tissues. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Obiettivo: Questo articolo riporta 4 trattamenti endodontici di denti obliterati con una tecnica di endodonzia guidata (EG) \u0000L’obiettivo e di mettere in evidenza l’interesse e i limiti dell’endodonzia guidata. \u0000Casi: I 4 pazienti si sono presentati in appuntamento per il trattamento endodontico di un dente obliterato. I denti non rispondono ai test di vitalita. Le radiografie periapicali e la cbct mostrano la presenza di una lesione periapicale et di un’obliterazione canalare. Con l’accordo dei pazienti, e stato deciso di realizzare un trattamento endodontico ortogrado con EG. Il primo caso e stato trattato con EG con una dima “chiusa” e una boccola metallica. Il secondo caso e una situazione piu complessa di un canale obliterato fino al terzo apicale del dente. Il trattamento del terzo caso e stato realizzato con una dima “chiusa” senza boccola metallica. Il quarto caso e stato trattato con una tecnica a dima “aperta”. E stato  utilizzato un sistema 2Ingis che guida la testa del contrangolo. \u0000Le pianificazioni e la creazione delle dime sono state realizzate con dei programmi inizialmente dedicati all’implantologia ma che sono trasferibili all’endodonzia. La pervieta canalare e stata trovata in ciascuno dei casi. In ognuno dei casi la foratura e stata realizzata con una fresa cilindrica di piccolo diametro (0.75mm) (FFDM Pneumat Tivoly). Una ","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82904018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of composite thickness over the fiber post on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth","authors":"Kasra Rahimipour, N. Panahandeh, S. Sheikh-Al-Eslamian, R. Mousavi, H. Torabzadeh","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of composite thickness over the fiber post on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. \u0000Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was performed on 50 sound human premolars, which were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10). Teeth in Group 1 remained intact while other specimens underwent root canal treatment with a Mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity preparation, restored with fiber posts with a distance of 1.5 mm to the occlusal surface in groups 2 and 4 and 0.5 mm in groups 3 and 5. 24 hours of incubation was applied for groups 1-3 and 1 year of incubation for groups 4 and 5. Thereafter fracture strength measured using a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. \u0000Results: The results showed a significant difference in terms of fracture resistance (P 0.05). Also, Tukey HSD revealed no statistically significant differences between Group 1 and 4 at one year. However, Group 1 (1255.25±280.61N) exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance than that of Group 5 (855.72±300.20N) at one year (P=0.027). The difference between other groups was not significant at any time point (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: By covering the fiber post with 1.5 mm thickness of composite resin and cuspal reduction of 2 mm, the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth can be increased to the level of sound teeth.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78548352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of effectiveness of Reciproc, Wave One, Protaper, and One Shape rotary instruments in reduction of bacterial load in root canals","authors":"A. Azizi, Reza Hatam, P. Soltani, S. Miri, R. Abiri","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Reciproc, Wave One, Protaper, and One Shape rotary instruments in reduction of E. faecalis in root canals. \u0000Methodology: In this in-vitro study, after initial stages of canal enlargement and irrigation, a suspension containing Entrococcus faecalis was inoculated into the root canals of 84 extracted single-canal premolars. The samples (apart from 2 positive and 2 negative controls) were randomly assigned into 4 groups according to rotary instruments used: Reciproc, Wave One, One Shape, Protaper. Each group was then subdivided to 2 groups based on irrigating solutions of normal saline and NaOCl. After instrumentation, the root canals were filled with brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. Finally bacterial colony forming units (CFU) were counted. \u0000Results: Reduction in number of bacterial colonies before and after instrumentation and irrigation was not significantly different in different rotary instrument systems (P=0.128, F=1.955). However, NaOCl was more effective in reduction of bacterial load compared to normal saline (P<0.001, F=15.528). \u0000Conclusions: All rotary instruments used in the study are effective in reduction of the bacterial load.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76904558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of two cone-beam computed tomography systems for detection of strip perforation in the mesial root of mandibular molars","authors":"Vida Maseratt, Heshmatallah Shahraki Ebrahimi, E. Saberi, Arezoo Pirhaji, Niloofar Khosravil","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2020.34.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems for detection of strip perforation in the mesiobuccal canal of mandibular molars after root canal treatment. \u0000Methodology: The curved mesiobuccal canals of mandibular first and second molars were instrumented as part of endodontic treatment. The canals were strip-perforated using #2 and #3 Gates-Glidden drills in distoaxial direction at 1 to 3 mm distance from the furcation. The canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer with lateral compaction technique. The teeth were then mounted in dry bovine mandible and underwent CBCT using Acteon and NewTom CBCT systems. The CBCT scans were evaluated by two observers, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the two CBCT systems for detection of strip perforation were determined and compared. \u0000Results: The sensitivity and specificity for detection of strip perforation were 51.3% and 46.3% for Acteon, and 55% and 38.8% for NewTom CBCT system, respectively. The difference between the two CBCT systems for detection of strip perforation was not significant (Chi-square test, P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: The accuracy of Acteon and NewTom CBCT systems for detection of strip perforation is low, and no significant difference was noted between the two systems in this respect.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88563862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and platelet-rich fibrin on histological results of direct pulp capping in dogs","authors":"Bahareh Aghamohammadi Ameghani, A. Tavakoli, M. H. Tabatabaei, S. Valizadeh","doi":"10.32067/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on histological results of direct pulp capping (DPC) in dogs. Methodology: In this animal study, 36 class V cavities were prepared in the incisors of adult healthy mixed-breed dogs. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups. No material was placed in the control teeth. MTA and PRF were placed on the exposure site in groups 2 and 3, respectively. After 2 months, the teeth were extracted under general anesthesia and were histological analyzed regarding inflammation, calcified bridge formation and necrosis. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in terms of pulp inflammation, dentinal bridge formation and necrosis among the treatment groups capping with MTA and PRF. (P Value >0.05), however, PRF and MTA were the same in all parameters, these groups were both significantly superior to the control group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, PRF can be used for DPC as an alternative to MTA.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80670455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current applications of lasers in endodontics","authors":"Maryam Kuzekanani, G. Plotino, J. Gutmann","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The use of lasers within the scope of endodontic practice and research has increased significantly in the past few years. Lasers are generally classified according to their physical constructions and special wavelengths, which have impacts on their enhanced clinical usage. Lasers according to their physical constructions are divided into three groups. The first type is the solid state laser, so named because the medium, undergoing lasing, is in a solid form. Ruby laser is the prototype of all solid state lasers. By forming crystalline materials that are doped with rare earth elements a wide range of solid state lasers can be produced. Some of the most common types of solid state lasers use the YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) crystal (Holmium:YAG, Thulium:YAG Neodymium:YAG and Erbium:YAG) and the YSGG (Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet) crystal (Er,Cr:YSGG) as their base. The second major family of lasers are the gas lasers. In this group the lasing material that is ionized can be Argon gas, Carbon dioxide gas, Nitrogen gas or a Helium-Neon (He:Ne) gas mixture. The third family of lasers are the Diode lasers, which produce wavelengths in the visible spectrum. The most frequently used lasers in endodontics are: Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG), Diode Laser, Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG), Erbium Chromium:YSGG (Er,Cr:YSGG) and He:Ne laser. This paper reviews the most common applications of lasers in endodontics that include Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity, pulpotomy and pulp capping and root canal disinfection through laser activated irrigation and photo-activated root canal disinfection (PAD).","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81591642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mandibular molar with four independent mesial roots: a case report","authors":"C. Maniglia-Ferreira, F. Almeida-Gomes, Eduardo Diogo Gurgel Filho, Natalia Santiago, F. G. Pappen","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The most common anatomical configuration of the mandibular molar is to present two roots and three or four canals, but it’s possible to find many different configurations. A case of unusual mandibular molar is presented to illustrate the anatomic root canal variation. \u0000Summary: Endodontic treatment was performed in a mandibular third molar with five roots, four in the mesial portion and one in the distal portion. The x-ray examination showed an abnormal root canal anatomy, suggesting the presence of extra mesial roots. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging revealed five roots and five root canals, with four independent roots in the mesial portion and one in the distal portion, indicating a rare anatomic configuration. This case report presents the importance of searching for extra canals and the unusual canal morphology, because the knowledge of the most common anatomic characteristics and their possible variations is fundamental to the endodontic treatment success. \u0000Key learning points: (A) The major cause of failure in root canal therapy is the inability to localize and treat all of the canals of the root canal system. (B) Mandibular molars may have complex canal systems and variations. (C) The operating microscope and CBCT interpretation are fundamental in confirming and preventing mistakes about the configuration of root canals.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80337054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ni-Ti alloy remnants after root canal preparation with Ni-Ti engine-driven files: a preliminary report","authors":"S. Stefanescu, M. Popescu, L. Tudoran, Haider Al-Saffar","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Aim of the present study was to assess any signs of Ni-Ti alloy remnants in the root canal after preparation and investigate if this aspect may be influenced by the steam sterilization of the files. \u0000Materials and Methods: 20 extracted upper first premolars with complete root formation and apical foramina and three kits of BioRace instruments (FKG, Le Chaux-of-Fonds, Switzerland) were used in the present study. The first BioRace kit was used to prepare 10 teeth (20 canals), without sterilization between the root canal preparations, while the second sample group was subjected to steam sterilization after each tooth (two canals) prepared. The third kit of instruments was used as a control group. Files were then analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) using magnifications between 500 and 4.000x. Images were taken on sections D1-D8 of each file. Files weight was measured using a precision weight scale with readability of 0,001g to quantify the possible alloy loss and file degradation occurred during their use. Teeth were then sectioned on their length and submitted to EDX analysis in search of possible alloy particles within the root canals, using magnifications between 30 and 300x. In the same manner, the irrigant used during the root shaping was collected and analyzed. Differences in weight were statistically analysed using the independent sample Student t-test (p<0.05). \u0000Results: No file separation was registered in both groups analyzed. Weight measurements and SEM micrographs showed signs of higher degradation for samples from group 2. EDX analysis showed some Ni-Ti particles in roots prepared in group 2. \u0000Conclusions: Metal strips, weight loss and micro-fractures appeared on the files subjected to steam sterilization between the uses. Ni-Ti particles detached from files, during their intra-canal use were found on the root canal walls.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85640501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Emdogain coated endodontic materials on viability of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs)","authors":"Hamed Karkehabadi, Shahriar Shahriari, R. Najafi, E. Khoshbin, H. Abbaspourrokni, Z. Pakseresht","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Biocompatibility is an important characteristic of dental pulp capping agents. This study aimed to assess the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement and Biodentine with/without Emdogain (EMD) on the viability of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs). Methodology: In this in vitro study, HDPSCs were isolated from the root canal of an extracted impacted third molar tooth and cultured. The cells were exposed to freshly prepared endodontic cements in six groups of MTA, MTA plus EMD, CEM cement, CEM cement plus EMD, Biodentine and Biodentine plus EMD in 24-well plates for 24, 48 and 168 hours (6 wells/repetitions for each material group at each time point). Cell viability was evaluated at each time point using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Cell viability was not significantly different at different time points in any endodontic cement group (p>0.05) except for CEM cement/EMD group (p=0.00). At 24 hours, MTA/EMD and MTA showed the highest cell viability (p=0.001). Similar results were obtained at 48 hours (p=0.000). At 168 hours, MTA/EMD and CEM cement/ EMD showed the highest cell viability (p=0.000). Addition of EMD had no significant effect on cell viability in any cement group at 24 or 48 hours. However, addition of EMD to MTA and CEM cement increased the viability of HDPSCs at 168 hours. Conclusions: Addition of EMD to MTA and CEM cement can increase the viability of HDPSCs at 7 days. © 2019 Masson SpA. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73779248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chlorhexidine and isopropyl alcohol on immediate and delayed bond strength of glass fiber posts","authors":"Ellizandra Anater Lecardelli, V. Poletto-Neto, F. G. Pappen, T. Pereira-Cenci, R. D. Morgental","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2019.33.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the effects of dentinal treatment with chlorhexidine and isopropyl alcohol, alone or associated, on the bond strength and bond stability of glass fiber posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement. \u0000Materials and Methods: Forty bovine teeth were endodontically treated and randomly distributed into four groups, according to the dentinal treatment after post space preparation: distilled water (Control); 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); isopropyl alcohol (ISO); 2% chlorhexidine + isopropyl alcohol (CHX+ISO). Glass fiber posts were cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement and after 24 h specimens were cut into six 1.5 mm-thick slices. One slice of each root third (i.e. apical, middle and coronal) was subjected to immediate push-out test and the other was stored in distilled water at 37 °C for six months for delayed push-out test. Bond strength was registered in megapascal (MPa). Failure mode was evaluated by a stereomicroscope, with 40x magnification. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests, with 5% significance level. Results: No significant differences were detected between experimental groups or between root thirds in the same group in the immediate evaluation. After six months of aging, all groups showed a significant decrease in bond strength values, but ISO group presented higher bond strength than Control and CHX groups (p=0.0001). The most common type of failure for all groups was adhesive between resin cement and root dentine. \u0000Conclusions: Dentinal treatment with CHX and ISO, isolated or combined, did not affect the immediate bond strength of glass fiber posts, but the ISO group presented better bond stability after six-month aging.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78115178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}