Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus最新文献_第3页

The Phonological System of TumɁi TumɁi的语音系统

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5842/64-1-926

Kelly Kilian

{"title":"The Phonological System of TumɁi","authors":"Kelly Kilian","doi":"10.5842/64-1-926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5842/64-1-926","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a linguistic research team I recorded a Khoisan language currently spoken by three people in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Since the variety of language spoken in this location is close to varieties of both the Khoekhoe and Tuu language families, the question of genetic affiliation and classification within the Khoisan language cluster becomes significant. Although reported to have significant lexical similarities due to intensive language contact (Güldemann 2006), extensive research provides evidence of numerous linguistic differences which distinguish between the varieties within the Khoisan families mentioned above (Beach 1938, Bleek 1930, Ladefoged & Traill 1994, Miller, Brugman, Sands, Namaseb, Exter & Collins 2007). Overall, this project attempts to answer the question: How unique is this undocumented language TumɁi in comparison to varieties of geographically neighbouring Khoisan language clusters? This comparative analysis is comprised of a detailed description of the vowel and consonant systems, as well as evidence of phonetic and phonological contrasts. The clear focus on the analysis of sound contrasts is a consequence of limited data due to speaker competence. As a result of intense incomplete acquisition and linguistic attrition, the consultants produce utterances using Khoisan content words within an Afrikaans framework (Killian 2009). Specific research questions include: What is the sound inventory of this language? Are there phonation or glottalization contrasts in vowels? Are there laryngeal contrasts in consonants? What kinds of clicks make up the inventory? This project is a direct effort toward the revitalization and documentation of indigenous languages. Determining the genetic affiliations of this language which is positioned relatively equidistant to the surrounding languages, would also contribute to gaps within the linguistic isoglosses in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":42187,"journal":{"name":"Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70971763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical Character Recognition and text cleaning in the indigenous South African languages 南非土著语言的光学字符识别和文本清理

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5842/64-1-867

D. Prinsloo, Elsabé Taljard, Michelle Goosen

{"title":"Optical Character Recognition and text cleaning in the indigenous South African languages","authors":"D. Prinsloo, Elsabé Taljard, Michelle Goosen","doi":"10.5842/64-1-867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5842/64-1-867","url":null,"abstract":"This article represents follow-up work on unpublished presentations by the authors of text and corpus cleaning strategies for the African languages. In this article we provide a comparative description of cleaning of web-sourced and text-sourced material to be used for the compilation of corpora with specific attention to cleaning of text-based material, since this is particularly relevant for the indigenous South African languages. For the purposes of this study, we use the term “web-sourced material” to refer to digital data sourced from the internet, whereas “text-based material” refers to hard copy textual material. We identify the different types of errors found in such texts, looking specifically at typical scanning errors in these languages, followed by an evaluation of three commercially available Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools. We argue that the cleanness of texts is a matter of granularity, depending on the envisaged application of the corpus comprised by the texts. Text corpora which are to be utilized for e.g. lexicographic purposes can tolerate a higher level of ‘noise’ than those used for the compilation of e.g. spelling and grammar checkers. We conclude with some suggestions for text cleaning for the indigenous languages of South Africa.","PeriodicalId":42187,"journal":{"name":"Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70971663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tone in Runyankore Verb Stem Reduplication 润扬歌动词词干重复的声调

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5842/62-2-901

Larry M. Hyman

{"title":"Tone in Runyankore Verb Stem Reduplication","authors":"Larry M. Hyman","doi":"10.5842/62-2-901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5842/62-2-901","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I describe the surprisingly extensive range of choices Runyankore speakers have in “devaluative-frequentative” verb stem reduplication (“to sort of do X, to do X here and there, to do X a lot”). Analyzed as stem-compounding, both single (stem1-stem2) and multiple (stem1-stem2-stem3...) reduplication are possible of a stem such as furumuka “dash out” (furumuka-furumuka(-furumuka...)), with the possibility of left-aligned truncation (furu-furumuka, furumu-furumuka), right-aligned truncation (furumuka-muka, furumuka-rumuka) and both (furu-furumuka-muka). In addition, prefinal stems can alternatively end in “replacive [a]” (fura-furumuka, furuma-furumuka). Complementing these variants is a “mixed” system where both stems are truncated (furumu-rumuka), to which additional reduplicated stems can also be added (furu-furumu-rumuka-muka). While each reduplicated stem is free to choose its shape independently of the others (e.g. furu-furuma-furumuka, furuma-furu-furumuka etc.), the same three possible H(igh) stem-tone patterns are observed in different inflections, predictable from the input tones: /H/ on the first stem, /H/ on the last stem, /H/ on the second mora of any stem (au choix). I show that these facts require each stem to be independently derived from the same (complete) morphological and phonological input with tone assigned prior to truncation, thereby directly supporting both reduplication as compounding (Downing 2003) and morphological doubling theory (MDT) (Inkelas & Zoll 2005).","PeriodicalId":42187,"journal":{"name":"Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70971540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Khoekhoe Lexical Borrowing in Regionalised Afrikaans 区域化南非荷兰语中的Khoekhoe词汇借用

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5842/64-1-889

Camilla Rose Christie

引用次数: 0

A sign of The Times: an APPRAISAL analysis of the imagined community’s bonding in letters to a South African newspaper 一个时代的标志:在写给一家南非报纸的信中，对想象中的社区关系进行了评估分析

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5842/64-1-928

Jade Smith, Ralph Adendorff

引用次数: 0

Melodic High Tones in Emihavani Emihavani的旋律高音

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5842/62-2-893

Charles W. Kisseberth, A. Mtenje

{"title":"Melodic High Tones in Emihavani","authors":"Charles W. Kisseberth, A. Mtenje","doi":"10.5842/62-2-893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5842/62-2-893","url":null,"abstract":"Emihavani is a Bantu language spoken in southeastern Malawi. It is a dialect of Emakhuwa, a language whose origins lie in Nampula Province in northern Mozambique, but whose speakers have migrated into both southern Tanzania and southeastern Malawi. It is important to note that all of the regions where Emakhuwa dialectsare spoken are economically under-developed, and a consequence of this is that the language, despite being spokenby several million people, is one of the poorer documented major Bantu languages (cf. Guérois 2015, Katupha 1983,1991, Kisseberth 2003, Kisseberth & Guérois 2014, Stucky 1985, Van der Wal 2009).The present paper starts to remedy this situation for Emihavani by providing an account of the most complicated aspect of the Emihavani tonal system: the “melodic High tone” patterns that operate in the verbal system. In order to document these tone patterns, we will necessarily have to provide a brief discussion of several aspects of Emihavani phonology and morphology. We should emphasize that all of the material in this paper derives from our intensive research on Emihavani that began in 2017. All of the data reflects the speech of Alfred Lihelu, a native speaker who has been part of all the significant research on Emihavani in the past few years (e.g. the translation and recording of the New Testament in 2014 by the Bible Society of Malawi). Although our focus is definitely on Emihavani, we also seek to place Emihavani in its proper Emakhuwa context. All references to other Emakhuwa dialects derive from the first-named author’s research over more than four decades.","PeriodicalId":42187,"journal":{"name":"Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70971960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Typology of Tone and Cushitic 色调与软垫的类型学

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2021-08-22 DOI: 10.5842/62-0-898

M. Mous

引用次数: 0

Revisiting Basaa verbal derivation 重温巴萨语的词源

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.5842/62-0-892

Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso

引用次数: 0

Are focus and givenness prosodically marked in Kinyarwanda and Rwandan English? 在卢旺达语和卢旺达语英语中，焦点和给予是否有韵律标记?

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.5842/62-0-896

F. Hamlaoui, K. Szendrői, Jonas Engelmann

{"title":"Are focus and givenness prosodically marked in Kinyarwanda and Rwandan English?","authors":"F. Hamlaoui, K. Szendrői, Jonas Engelmann","doi":"10.5842/62-0-896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5842/62-0-896","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we are interested in whether systematic variations in pitch, intensity and duration can be observed as a function of the focused or discourse-given status of a constituent in Kinyarwanda (Bantu JD61), and a relatively recent variety of “New English” in contact with this Bantu language. Kinyarwanda is a tone language, in which the information-structural notion of focus has been reported to be expressed through changes in word order, with focus appearing clause-finally (Kimyeni 1988, Ndayiragije 1999, Ngoboka 2016). In contrast, Standard English is well-known for the prosodic boost associated with narrowly focused words and the prosodic reduction of post-focal items. Cross-linguistically, the prosodic expression of focus and givenness is progressively becoming considered a marked feature. Zerbian (2015) predicts that it should not be found in a second language (L2), or a contact variety, if it is not already present in the first language of a speaker or a group of speakers. Our study finds no evidence that information focus, exhaustive focus or givenness systematically affect the prosody of Kinyarwanda. We also find no systematic effect of information structure in the variety of English spoken by our Rwandan participants, confirming that this is probably an area of English that is difficult to acquire.","PeriodicalId":42187,"journal":{"name":"Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82285384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Phonological and Morphological Influences on Vowel Hiatus Resolution in Rutooro 音韵学和形态学对汝托罗语元音间断消解的影响

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Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus-SPiL Plus Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.5842/62-0-900

Lee S. Bickmore

引用次数: 0