{"title":"Base Failure Rate Calculation for Submodules in Modular Multilevel Converters for MVDC Applications","authors":"Yumeng Tian, G. Konstantinou","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990013","url":null,"abstract":"In the application of modular multilevel converter (MMC) for medium-voltage DC (MVDC) systems, the small number of sub-modules (SMs) lead to reduced reliability in the overall converter. For the multiple SM topologies that have been developed for MMC, a methodology is proposed for the evaluation of SM failure rate. Considering the failure modes of SM components, structure redundancy, and classification of SM faults, this approach provides a comprehensive comparison of SM failure rate and identifies the high-reliability options for SM topologies. With the calculation of SM failure rate, the utilization of different types of IGBT modules, proportion of failure schemes in IGBT, and arm reliability in MMC are further analysed.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"93 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126199181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Off-grid EV charging stations to reduce the impact of charging demand on the electricity grid","authors":"James O. N. Wilson, T. Lie","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990019","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the feasibility study of an off-grid Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station as a potential solution to the strain on the electricity grid. The standalone system is sized to be installed on a standard home carport and aims to provide enough daily power to support one EV. Powered by only renewable energy sources and with a high-capacity storage battery the proposed charging station provides energy to the EV with zero emissions. Utilising photovoltaic (PV) panels and a single wind turbine for power generation the hybrid renewable energy system comprises of the high-quality components and the EV charging station is designed for a 25-year lifespan. Multiple configurations of the charging station system are designed and simulated in HOMER software. The simulation results are conducted to prove if the system is a realistic option for installation in a residential application.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114775247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Yi Teh, Yingzhen Xue, Zijian Liang, Joseph Ramirez, A. Lapthorn
{"title":"Investigation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) Susceptibility of Different Three-Phase Power Transformer Cores","authors":"Xin Yi Teh, Yingzhen Xue, Zijian Liang, Joseph Ramirez, A. Lapthorn","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the susceptibility of different three-phase power transformer cores against Geomagnetically Induced Current (GICs). GIC, which is a quasi-DC current induced in the grid due to extreme space weather, will saturate power transformers due to half-cycle saturation caused by zero sequence fluxes. 15kVA small-scale three-phase three-limb, three-phase five-limb, and three single-phase transformers were designed and built. Then, the transformers were simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC to obtain the current and voltage waveforms under GIC. After that, the transformers underwent normal AC load testing at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load. This provides a temperature curve and waveforms comparison with the results under GIC conditions, which is modelled as DC injection on the secondary neutral point of the transformer. Lastly, the DC injection test was conducted. The temperature of the transformers increases during DC injection as the total circulating current in the transformers increases. Even harmonics enhancement and increase in reactive power demand are also observed due to transformers saturation under GIC. The results align with the zero-sequence flux theory and simulation waveforms, which suggest that the three single-phase transformers are the most susceptible to GIC, followed by the three-phase five-limb and the three-phase three-limb transformers.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132264526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Bagging Long Short-term Memory Network for Financial Transmission Rights Forecasting","authors":"Tong Cai, Chenye Wu, Jiasheng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990015","url":null,"abstract":"A financial transmission right (FTR) is a financial derivative based on the differences between locational marginal prices (LMPs) of different nodes. FTRs are introduced into the electricity market to help market participants hedge against the risks of transmission congestion. Also, virtual bidders with advanced computational power and forecasting capabilities are encouraged to participate in the FTRs market. This enables FTRs a good crowd-sourcing indicator of transmission congestion. Hence, FTRs prediction can be very valuable to various stakeholders in the electricity sector. Noticing the value of FTRs, we propose Univariate Long Short-term Memory (ULSTM) and Multivariate Long Short-term Memory (MLSTM) networks for FTRs forecasting. To find out applicable predictors, we conduct ablation studies that compare the prediction accuracy of the Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) networks by varying features and input lag lengths. Although the incorporation of associated features generally improves the forecast accuracy, the periodic noises of these features may ruin the forecasting ability of our proposed network. To smooth out the noises, we further propose a bagging method to enhance our prediction networks.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125408173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Management for Solar PV Generation with Contactless Power Transfer","authors":"A. Ghosh, A. Ukil, A. Hu","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990006","url":null,"abstract":"In the future, solar photovoltaics(PV) and battery energy storage will be widely used for distributed stand-alone generation. Therefore, in this paper, the energy management scheme is proposed when PV and battery energy storage are integrated with contactless power transfer to supply the household loads for emergency electrification. The proposed system consists of a 215W PV module, 24V li-ion battery and 48V DC bus, with LCL resonant circuit for Inductive Power Transfer(IPT). This system can maintain constant load voltage at 48V when there is a change in solar irradiance or load with contactless power transfer at 93% efficiency. The voltage and current characteristics of the model are analysed when the PV module is at STC(Standard Test Conditions) using MATLAB/Simulink software.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilayer Networks Framework Concept applied to Hybrid MV AC/DC Network Topologies","authors":"Andre N. Cuppen, T. Hoang, N. Nair, A. Ukil","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990017","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing growth of DC grids in medium voltage AC networks and their interconnections is expected to become a challenge in modelling that exceeds the tools available today. As opposed to mature developed three-phase AC network topologies spanning from generation, transmission, to distribution, the integration of DC technologies into existing AC networks will create various configurations of hybrid AC/DC networks that can create difficulty for network modelling and operation. Multilayer networks frameworks are a promising tool to enable scholars and engineers alike to understand and manage the hybrid AC/DC networks of the future. This paper aims at adopting the general concept of multilayer networks for systematically describing various topologies of hybrid AC/DC networks in terms of the formalized dictionary of terminology. We describe hybrid AC/DC networks in terms of the formalized dictionary of terminology. Finally, several examples are given; from the simplest, to the common industry reviewed AC/DC benchmark model. Several examples are given ranging from the simplest, to the common industry reviewed AC/DC benchmark model.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127671639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Grid-tie Converter Control Under Unbalanced Conditions with no PLL","authors":"Hailong Wang, Yonghe Liu, N. Watson","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990009","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous Phase-locked loop (PLL) is used to synchronise power converters with the AC system. The limitations of the PLL when the AC system is weak are well known. This paper investigates the modelling and control of Grid-Side Voltage Source Converter (GS-VSC) of a wind-turbine under unbalanced network conditions and connected to a weak system. The proposed control scheme regulates the instantaneous active and reactive power at the PCC. The operation of the GS-VSC under unbalanced voltage condition is analysed and the concept of using different control target is present, which is independent of a PLL. A new current control scheme comprising of a central controller and a compensation controller is proposed. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and to demonstrate the operation under unbalanced network conditions in a weak grid.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124560508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiu-Wei Su, H. Liao, Kai-Chieh Peng, Shang-Lin Tsai, Jiann-Fuh Chen
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Non-Isolated Switched-Capacitor SEPIC Converters Using Duality Principle","authors":"Xiu-Wei Su, H. Liao, Kai-Chieh Peng, Shang-Lin Tsai, Jiann-Fuh Chen","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990028","url":null,"abstract":"If the renewable source is connected to utility, a current source (CS) is required. The conventional converter design is based on a voltage source (VS). A voltage source has a dual relationship with a source, so this paper takes the dual principle as the basis and uses the dual approach to propose converters based on the current source. The duality theory can be used to convert the switched inductor (SI) structure into a switched capacitor (SC) structure, that is convert a step-up voltage topology into a step-up current topology.In this paper, taking the Single Ended Primary Inductive Converter (SEPIC) converter as an example, the conventional voltage source SEPIC converter is converted into a current source SEPIC converter, and then the capacitor is replaced by a step-down switched capacitor structure to form a current source switched capacitor (CSSC) converter. The input current of the proposed topology is Iin=1 A~5 A, and the switching frequency is 100 kHz. Maximum output current Io is 15 A, and the output power is 1125 W. The efficiency can be at least 90.62 %.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130215708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Low-Voltage AC and DC Distribution Networks for EV Charging","authors":"Wayne Huynh, T. Hoang, A. Ukil, N. Nair","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990014","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in current and future transport fleets imposes significant loading on the existing power grids. Moreover, dc is experiencing renewed interest with rapid growth in electronic loads, the move towards renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed generation, and advances in power electronics technology. The next generation ‘Smart Grids’ need to consider these trends. As a component of the smart grids, low voltage dc (LVDC) distribution has been widely proposed to efficiently enable these changes. This work investigates LVDC for EV charging at residential, commercial and public charging station levels. Load profiles for EV charging are developed and used together with a model LVDC system to compare its performance to a conventional ac system.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131208728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Platform for Querying CIM-based Models and Data of the Electrical Distribution Network","authors":"S. Phadnis, N. Nair","doi":"10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID57376.2022.9990020","url":null,"abstract":"Network models of a modern distribution grid or smart grids underlie almost all its planning and forecasting functions. Data from these models and other enterprise systems are combined using multiple interfaces and data schemas to build an integrated model specific to the software application being developed. The diversity of the network models requires the application developers to develop codes for further processing. This process presents challenges in terms of time and resource to the developers. This paper, therefore, aims at proposing a new software platform with for storing, querying and updating the distribution network model that integrates data from disparate IT and OT systems (for example: GIS, historian systems, and master data) based. Other important asset and connectivity information is transferred from XML-based CIM models. The primary focus of the platform is at those developers of other software systems that need asset and connectivity information of the network, along with spatial and temporal data. It is also possible to query with switchable parameters to represent the network when switching operations are performed.","PeriodicalId":421600,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133478559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}