Investigation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) Susceptibility of Different Three-Phase Power Transformer Cores

Xin Yi Teh, Yingzhen Xue, Zijian Liang, Joseph Ramirez, A. Lapthorn
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Abstract

This paper investigates the susceptibility of different three-phase power transformer cores against Geomagnetically Induced Current (GICs). GIC, which is a quasi-DC current induced in the grid due to extreme space weather, will saturate power transformers due to half-cycle saturation caused by zero sequence fluxes. 15kVA small-scale three-phase three-limb, three-phase five-limb, and three single-phase transformers were designed and built. Then, the transformers were simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC to obtain the current and voltage waveforms under GIC. After that, the transformers underwent normal AC load testing at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load. This provides a temperature curve and waveforms comparison with the results under GIC conditions, which is modelled as DC injection on the secondary neutral point of the transformer. Lastly, the DC injection test was conducted. The temperature of the transformers increases during DC injection as the total circulating current in the transformers increases. Even harmonics enhancement and increase in reactive power demand are also observed due to transformers saturation under GIC. The results align with the zero-sequence flux theory and simulation waveforms, which suggest that the three single-phase transformers are the most susceptible to GIC, followed by the three-phase five-limb and the three-phase three-limb transformers.
不同三相电力变压器铁心地磁感应电流敏感性的研究
本文研究了不同三相电力变压器铁芯对地磁感应电流的敏感性。GIC是由于极端空间天气在电网中产生的一种准直流电流,它会因零序磁通引起的半周饱和而使电力变压器饱和。设计并搭建了15kVA小型三相三肢、三相五肢和3台单相变压器。然后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC对变压器进行仿真,得到GIC作用下的电流和电压波形。之后,变压器在25%、50%、75%和100%负荷下进行正常交流负荷试验。这提供了一个温度曲线和波形与GIC条件下的结果进行比较,该条件被建模为变压器二次中性点上的直流注入。最后进行直流注入试验。在直流注入过程中,变压器的温度随着变压器总循环电流的增加而升高。甚至谐波增强和无功需求的增加也被观察到,由于在GIC下变压器饱和。结果与零序磁通理论和仿真波形一致,表明三种单相变压器最易受GIC影响,其次是三相五肢变压器和三相三肢变压器。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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