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Mare Tutum: Thucydides, King Minos, and the Concept of the ‘Secure Sea’ in Seventeenth-Century Maritime Law Mare Tutum：修昔底德、米诺斯国王和十七世纪海商法中的 "安全海 "概念
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-20240005
Alexander Batson
{"title":"Mare Tutum: Thucydides, King Minos, and the Concept of the ‘Secure Sea’ in Seventeenth-Century Maritime Law","authors":"Alexander Batson","doi":"10.1163/18760759-20240005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-20240005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines a crucial argument in seventeenth-century maritime law: the concept of <em>mare tutum</em>, or ‘the secure sea’. According to this idea, the sea was characterized by chaotic piracy and required a strong central governing authority to impose order. Once the sea was secure, the ruler would reap the rewards of commerce and tariff revenues. <em>Mare tutum</em> espoused the idea of sea sovereignty for the goal of economic growth. Crucial to this idea was Thucydides’ account of the Cretan King Minos. The jurists Nicolaes Bonaert, Pietro Battista Borghi, and Giovanni Palazzi used the model of Minos’ Aegean thalassocracy to argue for Portuguese, Genoese, and Venetian control of the seas. The article illuminates the hitherto unknown importance of Thucydides in maritime law. It also complicates the traditional <em>mare liberum</em>/<em>mare clausum</em> framework by positing a third option which focused on control of the seas as a means to fostering trade and economic growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Representation in Business: Grotius’s Inleidinge and the Ius Commune Tradition in the Low Countries 商业中的代表权：格劳秀斯的 Inleidinge 和低地国家的公社法传统
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020005
Wouter Druwé
{"title":"Representation in Business: Grotius’s Inleidinge and the Ius Commune Tradition in the Low Countries","authors":"Wouter Druwé","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020005","url":null,"abstract":"In his <jats:italic>Inleidinge tot de Hollandsche Rechts-geleerdheid</jats:italic>, Hugo Grotius wrote an accessible introductory overview of Hollandic law, in which he combined insights from the learned law (<jats:italic>ius commune</jats:italic>) with the particular law of Holland. The <jats:italic>Inleidinge</jats:italic> was read by generations of Dutch law students, and would thus become very influential in the Roman-Dutch tradition. This contribution studies how the topic of representation, especially in a business context, was treated in Grotius’s <jats:italic>Inleidinge</jats:italic>. On the basis of an analysis of the Justinianic <jats:italic>Corpus iuris</jats:italic>, the medieval <jats:italic>ius commune</jats:italic> tradition and – especially – early modern scholarship from the Low Countries, it is argued that Grotius’s <jats:italic>Inleidinge</jats:italic> by and large followed the <jats:italic>communis opinio</jats:italic> among the learned scholars, although on one important point – namely the acquisition by a third party of a claim on the basis of a <jats:italic>stipulatio alteri</jats:italic> – Grotius went beyond that <jats:italic>communis opinio</jats:italic> and, thus, opened the way for a gradual wider legal acceptance of active direct representation.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grotius and Insolvency 格劳秀斯与破产
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020004
Maurits den Hollander
{"title":"Grotius and Insolvency","authors":"Maurits den Hollander","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020004","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers Hugo Grotius’s ideas on a specific topic of commercial law, analysing his position and potential contributions to early modern Dutch insolvency legislation. It might be questioned how ‘Hollandic’ Grotius’s interpretations of legal solutions for insolvency as presented in the <jats:italic>Inleidinge tot de Hollandsche Rechts-Geleerdheid</jats:italic> actually were. Grotius’s treatment of <jats:italic>cessie van goede</jats:italic> is relatively strict, whereas compositions are hardly mentioned. A rather different image rises from his later work. Here, Grotius displays a more radical view, in specific cases allowing the sovereign to interfere in private property rights and to restructure debts for the common good. It is an intriguing question if and to what extent these ideas can be related to contemporary Dutch insolvency practices.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grotius’s Contribution to the Law of Secured Credit 格劳秀斯对担保信贷法的贡献
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020003
Vincent J. M. van Hoof
{"title":"Grotius’s Contribution to the Law of Secured Credit","authors":"Vincent J. M. van Hoof","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020003","url":null,"abstract":"Over the centuries, Grotius’s writings on <jats:italic>onderzetting</jats:italic> (rights of hypothec) have been widely cited, particularly in the Netherlands and South Africa. This article investigates the originality and lasting impact of Grotius’s contributions to this field. The article follows the layout of the chapter on hypothecs of Grotius’s <jats:italic>Inleiding tot de Hollandsche Rechts-geleertheyd</jats:italic>. It examines Grotius’s translation of hypotheca as <jats:italic>onderzetting</jats:italic>, the structure of his <jats:italic>Inleiding</jats:italic>, the distinctions between various kinds of hypothec, and contemporary requirements for the creation of hypothecs. It then explores the right to follow encumbered assets into the hands of third parties and analyses the enforcement of hypothecs, priority issues in cases of competing hypothecs, and reflects on Grotius’s influence on Dutch security rights. In summary, although Grotius’s insights were largely derivative, often echoing interpretations of earlier scholars, they illustrate Grotius’s deep understanding of the influence of Germanic and Roman law on Roman-Dutch security rights. Grotius had a lasting impact on legal scholarship and practice because he was the first to provide a scholarly systematization of Roman-Dutch law within the framework of Justinian’s Institutes and firmly placed the rights of hypothec in the book on property rights of his <jats:italic>Inleiding</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grotius’s Via Media 格劳秀斯的 "媒体之路
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020006
Sebastián Contreras Aguirre
{"title":"Grotius’s Via Media","authors":"Sebastián Contreras Aguirre","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020006","url":null,"abstract":"Grotius’s theory of the foundations of law and morality follows a sort of middle way between rationalism and voluntarism. Grotius, far from both extremes, defends both the normative force of the will and the directive power of practical reason. On this basis, he explains that reason serves as the formal cause of law and the will as the efficient cause. Now, the command of the will alone is not yet valid as a law. It must conform to reason. Reasoning so, Grotius places himself within the scholastic-Aristotelian tradition. Accordingly, he holds the primacy of reason over the will and defends the eminently practical, i.e., non-mathematical, character of morality and law.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139072309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grotius and Limited Liability 格劳秀斯与有限责任
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020002
Dave De ruysscher
{"title":"Grotius and Limited Liability","authors":"Dave De ruysscher","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020002","url":null,"abstract":"Grotius’s ideas on proportionate and limited liability, as mentioned in the <jats:italic>Inleidinge</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>De iure belli ac pacis</jats:italic>, were novel in comparison to the civilian doctrine of his time. Grotius drew from sources of local law and statutes regarding maritime law but was nonetheless original in his interpretations. Grotius proposed to consider the liability of co-owners of ships (<jats:italic>reders, exercitores</jats:italic>), who acted as organizers of maritime expeditions, and of others that were participating in these expeditions, as broad. At the same time, their liability was limited to the maximum of the value of the ship and cargo. In this regard, Grotius’s conceptions hinged on a view of a ship’s voyage as engendering a community of risk among all stakeholders. However, in spite of the underlying connections, Grotius did not eradicate all inconsistencies which the originality of his combinations brought forward.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Portraits of Women in International Law: New Names and Forgotten Faces?, edited by Immi Tallgren 国际法中的女性肖像：新名字和被遗忘的面孔？
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020008
Francesca Iurlaro
{"title":"Portraits of Women in International Law: New Names and Forgotten Faces?, edited by Immi Tallgren","authors":"Francesca Iurlaro","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"109 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grotius’s Contribution to Commercial and Maritime Law 格劳秀斯对商法和海商法的贡献
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020001
Dave De ruysscher
{"title":"Grotius’s Contribution to Commercial and Maritime Law","authors":"Dave De ruysscher","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hugo Grotius als Wegbereiter des Menschenrechts auf Asyl und des modernen Rechts zum Schutz geflüchteter Personen vor ernsthaftem Schaden, written by Rainer Keil 雨果-格劳秀斯是庇护人权和保护难民免受严重伤害的现代权利的先驱，由 Rainer Keil 撰写
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020009
Jacob Giltaij
{"title":"Hugo Grotius als Wegbereiter des Menschenrechts auf Asyl und des modernen Rechts zum Schutz geflüchteter Personen vor ernsthaftem Schaden, written by Rainer Keil","authors":"Jacob Giltaij","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contract before the Enlightenment: The Ideas of James Dalrymple, Viscount Stair, 1619–1695, written by Stephen Bogle 启蒙运动之前的契约：斯蒂芬-博格尔撰写的《斯泰尔子爵詹姆斯-达尔林普尔的思想（1619-1695 年
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-44020007
Matthew Cleary
{"title":"Contract before the Enlightenment: The Ideas of James Dalrymple, Viscount Stair, 1619–1695, written by Stephen Bogle","authors":"Matthew Cleary","doi":"10.1163/18760759-44020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-44020007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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