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Grotius’s Doctrine of Alliances with Infidels and the Idea of Respublica Christiana 格劳秀斯与异教徒结盟的学说与共和基督教的理念
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04101002
Orazio Condorelli
{"title":"Grotius’s Doctrine of Alliances with Infidels and the Idea of Respublica Christiana","authors":"Orazio Condorelli","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04101002","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the issue of the observance of promises and agreements (De iure belli ac pacis, bk. ii), Grotius discusses the question of whether Christians should be allowed to conclude treaties or alliances (federa) with those who were named infideles in the canonical and theological terminology. The question was ancient: since the early Middle Ages, alliances of Christians with infidels had been labeled as ‘impious’ (impium fedus). Grotius’s solutions are based on the converging traditions of medieval canon law and theology: treaties and alliances with infidels are intrinsically lawful according to natural and positive divine law, although they should be avoided in certain circumstances. Grotius’s concern, however, was not so much to affirm the theoretical lawfulness of the fedus cum infidelibus. The outcome of his argument consists in promoting the cohesion of Christians: he thinks that a joint action of the Christian nations is a moral and juridical obligation in the face of the aggressions caused by the enemies of Christendom.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04101002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45228219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Admired Adversary: Wrestling with Grotius the Exegete in Cotton Mather’s Biblia Americana (1693–1728) 令人钦佩的对手：与科顿·马瑟的《美国圣经》中的典型人物格罗提乌斯摔跤（1693-1728）
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04101010
J. Stievermann
{"title":"Admired Adversary: Wrestling with Grotius the Exegete in Cotton Mather’s Biblia Americana (1693–1728)","authors":"J. Stievermann","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04101010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04101010","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines the reception of Grotius’s pioneering Annotata ad Vetus Testamentum (1644) in the ‘Biblia Americana’ (1693–1728), a scriptural commentary written by the New England theologian Cotton Mather (1663–1728). Mather engaged with Grotius on issues of translation, biblical authorship, inspiration, the canon, and the legitimate forms of interpreting the Hebrew Bible as Christian Scripture. While frequently relying on the Dutch Arminian humanist in discussing philological problems or contextual questions, Mather (as a self-declared defender of Reformed orthodoxy) in many cases rejected, ignored, or significantly modified Grotius’s farther-reaching conclusions on dogmatically sensitive topics. This strategy marks Mather’s ‘Biblia Americana’ as an exemple of a highly sophisticated but ultimately apologetic type of biblical criticism in the context of the early Enlightenment in British North America.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04101010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grotius’s Contract Theory in the Works of His German Commentators: First Explorations 格劳秀斯在其德国评论家著作中的契约理论:初步探索
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04101005
P. Astorri
{"title":"Grotius’s Contract Theory in the Works of His German Commentators: First Explorations","authors":"P. Astorri","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04101005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04101005","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its enormous importance, Grotius’s contract doctrine has been extensively investigated by legal historians. This paper seeks to enhance scholarly understanding of this topic by looking at commentaries on De jure belli ac pacis written by German theologians and jurists in the second half of the seventeenth century. The paper focuses on comments concerning promises: the criteria for promises that are binding under natural law; the foundations of the obligation to keep promises; error and duress; and immoral promises. Grotius’s contract doctrine rested on a mélange of sources, both theological and juridical, which were not always consistent. Commentators sought to harmonise them by looking at them from different perspectives: some comments were mainly based on interpretations of ius commune texts, whereas others reflected a moral theological approach. The results drew distinctions (directly or indirectly) between law and moral theology that contributed to the fragmentation of Grotius’s synthesis.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04101005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65027737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hugo Grotius’ Remonstrantie of 1615. Facsimile, Transliteration, Modern Translations and Analysis, written by David Kromhout and Adri Offenberg 雨果·格劳秀斯1615年的抗议书。传真、音译、现代翻译与分析，作者:大卫·克罗姆豪特和阿德里·奥芬伯格
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04101012
J. Spaans
{"title":"Hugo Grotius’ Remonstrantie of 1615. Facsimile, Transliteration, Modern Translations and Analysis, written by David Kromhout and Adri Offenberg","authors":"J. Spaans","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04101012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04101012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04101012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47527930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vitoria, Suárez, and Grotius: James Brown Scott’s Enduring Revival 维多利亚、苏亚雷斯和格罗秀斯：詹姆斯·布朗·斯科特的持久复兴
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04101007
M. Somos, Joshua Smeltzer
{"title":"Vitoria, Suárez, and Grotius: James Brown Scott’s Enduring Revival","authors":"M. Somos, Joshua Smeltzer","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04101007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04101007","url":null,"abstract":"This article recovers James Brown Scott’s conviction in American exceptionalism, a belief that underlay both his institutional work as well as his understanding of the origins and trajectory of international law. In the first section, we discuss Scott’s interpretation of Hugo Grotius as part of his tactic to make US foreign affairs policies and perspectives more compelling by presenting them as universal. In the second section, we argue that Scott’s writings on the Spanish origins of international law were in fact meant to protect Anglo-American hegemony and US influence in the Americas in the face of rapidly changing geopolitical pressures. In the final section we suggest that Scott’s US exceptionalism is reflected in his use of the United States Constitution and Supreme Court as a model for key international organizations. We conclude that Scott reframed Vitoria not to redress American bias but to enshrine it.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04101007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48024319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Die politischen Gesetze des Mose: Entstehung und Einflüsse der politia-judaica-Literatur in der Frühen Neuzeit, written by Markus M. Totzeck 摩西的政治律法:现代早期犹太教著作的起源与影响
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04101013
Sina Rauschenbach
{"title":"Die politischen Gesetze des Mose: Entstehung und Einflüsse der politia-judaica-Literatur in der Frühen Neuzeit, written by Markus M. Totzeck","authors":"Sina Rauschenbach","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04101013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04101013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"41 1","pages":"251-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04101013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47419351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observations on the Legal Observations 关于法律意见的意见
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04000007
Gustaaf van Nifterik
{"title":"Observations on the Legal Observations","authors":"Gustaaf van Nifterik","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04000007","url":null,"abstract":"In the years 1777–1778 four volumes were published under the title Legal Observations on Several Dark and Until Now Unverified Sections of the Introduction. The volumes were composed by a society of young legal practitioners from The Hague (Netherlands), the most famous among them being Joannes van der Linden. By then Grotius’s Introduction to the Jurisprudence of Holland was still the cornerstone of the law of Holland and around the year 1800 it would become the fundament for attempts to codify this law. Today the Legal Observations can function as entrance to the historical sources of the law of Holland as described by Grotius and developed further after publication of his Introduction.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04000007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43282249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Limits of Natural Law: Liability for Wrongdoing in the Inleidinge 自然法的限制:法律中的过错责任
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04000008
Joe Sampson
{"title":"The Limits of Natural Law: Liability for Wrongdoing in the Inleidinge","authors":"Joe Sampson","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04000008","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on Grotius’s treatment of obligations arising from wrongdoing in his Inleidinge. The work has clear parallels with the natural law formulation of the same topic in De Jure Belli ac Pacis, and this article explores the extent of the similarities. It focuses on points of divergence, suggesting that the theoretical coherence of the natural law approach to obligations arising from wrongdoing was challenged primarily by extant legislative enactments. These provided either for region-specific doctrines, or rules that proved difficult to reconcile with the underlying principles of natural law, especially the primacy of fault. While much of the Inleidinge’s treatment of liability arising from wrongdoing is consonant with Grotius’ approach to the topic in De Jure Belli ac Pacis, these discrete points of dissimilarity serve as a reminder of the limits of theoretical accounts of private law.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04000008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An ‘Embellisher’ of Grotius? 格劳秀斯的“修饰者”?
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04000001
A. Clerici
{"title":"An ‘Embellisher’ of Grotius?","authors":"A. Clerici","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04000001","url":null,"abstract":"Willem Van der Muelen (1659–1739), jurist and member of the Dutch urban elite, was the author of a huge and widely read commentary on Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis. Defined by the Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico as a simple ‘embellisher’ of Grotius, but in recent times hailed as ‘the Dutch Locke’, Van der Muelen certainly deserves more attention. The essay will focus on the justification of political resistance to the sovereign, a particularly controversial issue both in early-modern political thought and in Grotius himself. I argue that Van der Muelen, far from being a simple ‘embellisher’ of Grotius, adopts a more radical view based on a strong individualistic and utilitarian anthropology, bridging the Scholastic and monarchomach ideas of resistance – to which he is still indebted – with modern natural law jurisprudence. Thus he offers an interesting companion to Locke as well as a source of inspiration for later commentators such as Jean Barbeyrac.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"40 1","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04000001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf on Last Wills and Testaments 格老秀斯与普芬多夫论遗嘱
IF 0.5
Grotiana Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/18760759-04000006
Raphael Ribeiro
{"title":"Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf on Last Wills and Testaments","authors":"Raphael Ribeiro","doi":"10.1163/18760759-04000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18760759-04000006","url":null,"abstract":"Hugo Grotius believed that last wills belonged to the Law of Nature, whereas Samuel Pufendorf argued that testamentary succession was a mere creation of human laws. I argue that Pufendorf’s rejection of the Natural Law origins for wills lacks internal consistency in both his Natural Law system and his proprietary rights theory. Pufendorf even contradicts his own previous claim stating wills are recognised by the Law of Nature as useful to the promotion of social peace. Grotius’s analysis of testaments, on the other hand, brief though it may be, is entirely consistent with his previous arguments: that the Law of Nature can attach itself to human creation; and that a human creation such as testamentary succession belongs to Natural Law when derived from, or when it agrees with, human reason and sociability.","PeriodicalId":42132,"journal":{"name":"Grotiana","volume":"40 1","pages":"146-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18760759-04000006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49168501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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