{"title":"Estudio experimental y teórico del balance energético y el comportamiento del transporte sólido en una derivación lateral a 90 grados","authors":"A. Bateman , A. Herrero , V. Medina","doi":"10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30006-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30006-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>River diversions are not so common in nature and its presence are found in deltaic zones, nevertheless man made diversion is found in lateral channels for irrigation and hydroelectric purposes. In this paper a 90 degree diversion was built in the laboratory to understand the behaviour of the flow and the sediment transport in the diversion zone in which a 3D flow pattern is presented. In 1926 the Bulle doctoral thesis shows how the sediment discharge present in the derivation branch take a high percentage of the sediment discharge respect to the main channel. In the present paper it is offered a set of long term experiments that confirms the Bulle hypothesis. Also it is presented the vortex flow patterns that appear in the diversion zone, in which one of them is capable to deviate to the lateral branch almost all the sediment that flows into main channel. This horizontal axe vortex is responsible of the observations made by Bulle and the experiments are shown in the present document. The vortex affects more than the 90% of the width of the main channel, creating a barrier for the sediment that flows as bed load and suspension load. Nevertheless this hydrodynamic barrier is presented only for some flux momentum ratio between that evaluated in the lateral branch respect to that evaluated in the main channel. The energy necessary to maintain the vortex active is taking from the water flow income. This loose of energy is presented in the laboratory data and is explained with the energy balance equation. With only the 20% to 30% of water discharge into the lateral branch the vortex deviate at least the 90% of the sediment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42124,"journal":{"name":"RIBAGUA-Revista Iberoamericana del Agua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30006-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56875114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimización del diseño del sistema de llenado/vaciado del Tercer Juego de Esclusas del Canal de Panamá","authors":"A.N. Menéndez, E.A. Lecertua, N.D. Badano","doi":"10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30003-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The modeling system, which was built to design the filling/emptying hydraulic system of the third set of locks of Panama Canal, is described and validated. The modeling system is constituted by a series of zero, one, two, and three-dimensional numerical models, and a physical model. A discussion is presented on its application to select and optimize the non-standard components of the hydraulic system, determine the open and closure times for the valves in order not to exceed design conditions, calculate the mean rate of vessels throughput and freshwater consumption, and establish alternatives in order to minimize vorticity at the intakes of the lateral water saving basins. It is shown that numerical modeling played the prime role for design, and constituted the mechanism to produce results at the prototype scale free of scale effects present in the physical model, while the main role of the physical model was to validate the numerical models. But it is also shown that the physical model put into evidence resonance effects which led to a redefinition of some of the strategies of numerical simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42124,"journal":{"name":"RIBAGUA-Revista Iberoamericana del Agua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30003-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56875273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}