90度横向漂移中能量平衡和固体输运行为的实验和理论研究

IF 0.2 Q4 WATER RESOURCES
A. Bateman , A. Herrero , V. Medina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

河流改道在自然界中并不常见,主要出现在三角洲地带,但在灌溉和水力发电的横向河道中也有人为改道。本文在实验室中建立了一个90度的导流区,以了解导流区内的流动和输沙行为,并在其中呈现出三维流动模式。布勒在1926年的博士论文中指出,衍生支流的输沙量如何占主河道输沙量的很大比例。本文提供了一组长期实验来证实布勒假说。并提出了导流区内出现的涡流型,其中一个涡流能使几乎所有流入主河道的泥沙向侧向分支偏移。这种水平斧涡是由布勒所作的观察和实验所引起的。涡旋影响了主河道宽度的90%以上,为作为床质和悬浮质流动的泥沙形成了屏障。然而,这种水动力屏障只存在于侧向分支的流量动量比与主河道的流量动量比之间。维持涡旋活动所需的能量是从水流收入中获取的。在实验数据中给出了这种能量损失,并用能量平衡方程进行了解释。只有20% ~ 30%的水排入侧支,旋涡至少偏离了90%的泥沙。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Estudio experimental y teórico del balance energético y el comportamiento del transporte sólido en una derivación lateral a 90 grados

River diversions are not so common in nature and its presence are found in deltaic zones, nevertheless man made diversion is found in lateral channels for irrigation and hydroelectric purposes. In this paper a 90 degree diversion was built in the laboratory to understand the behaviour of the flow and the sediment transport in the diversion zone in which a 3D flow pattern is presented. In 1926 the Bulle doctoral thesis shows how the sediment discharge present in the derivation branch take a high percentage of the sediment discharge respect to the main channel. In the present paper it is offered a set of long term experiments that confirms the Bulle hypothesis. Also it is presented the vortex flow patterns that appear in the diversion zone, in which one of them is capable to deviate to the lateral branch almost all the sediment that flows into main channel. This horizontal axe vortex is responsible of the observations made by Bulle and the experiments are shown in the present document. The vortex affects more than the 90% of the width of the main channel, creating a barrier for the sediment that flows as bed load and suspension load. Nevertheless this hydrodynamic barrier is presented only for some flux momentum ratio between that evaluated in the lateral branch respect to that evaluated in the main channel. The energy necessary to maintain the vortex active is taking from the water flow income. This loose of energy is presented in the laboratory data and is explained with the energy balance equation. With only the 20% to 30% of water discharge into the lateral branch the vortex deviate at least the 90% of the sediment.

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