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Sprawiedliwość a wykładnia postanowień konstytucyjnych. Dylematy sędziego jusnaturalisty 司法和宪法条款的解释。催眠术法官的困境

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.141

P. Łącki

{"title":"Sprawiedliwość a wykładnia postanowień konstytucyjnych. Dylematy sędziego jusnaturalisty","authors":"P. Łącki","doi":"10.31268/ps.2022.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31268/ps.2022.141","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, constitutional courts, by applying constitutional provisions, resolve disputes involved in the most controversial moral and social issues and thus change legal orders. This happens not only on the basis of provisions directly protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals (human rights), but also on the basis of other constitutional provisions containing evaluative concepts. Given the axiological openness or aspiration of constitutional acts, one may ask whether the adoption of a position affirming (I) the existence of natural law and affirming (II) the requirement of the compatibility of positive law with natural law, has consequences for the interpretation and application of constitutional provisions. In particular, whether – in the light of natural law – a judge of a constitutional court, when interpreting a constitutional act, may refer directly to moral reasoning and his/her own understanding of natural law. In seeking the answer to this question, the author distinguishes three model theoretical positions: (1) a moral reading of the constitution; (2) a positivist reading of the constitution, and (3) an intermediate position. These positions can be illustrated by the jurisprudence of constitutional courts regarding the permissibility of abortion. While asserting the advantages of the positivist model, the author raises doubts about the feasibility of its implementation. For it may turn out that judges are confronted with the abstract terminology of the constitutional act and, at the same time, with the practical impossibility to precisely reconstruct the axiology of the constitution-maker underlying this terminology with the help of analytical legal tools.","PeriodicalId":42093,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Sejmowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69347541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prezydenckie prawo łaski w ukraińskim systemie prawa – zakres i wykonywanie 乌克兰法律体系中的总统恩典法——范围和执行

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.153

Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk-Kłak

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Konsekwencje powołania do pełnienia urzędu sędziego w procedurze, która mogła być dotknięta wadą prawną. Glosa do Wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 4 listopada 2021 r., sygn. akt III FSK 3626/21 在可能受到法律缺陷影响的程序中任命法官的后果。最高行政法院自2021年11月4日起的判决汇编。第三幕FSK 3626/21

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.156

Waldemar Gontarski

{"title":"Konsekwencje powołania do pełnienia urzędu sędziego w procedurze, która mogła być dotknięta wadą prawną. Glosa do Wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 4 listopada 2021 r., sygn. akt III FSK 3626/21","authors":"Waldemar Gontarski","doi":"10.31268/ps.2022.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31268/ps.2022.156","url":null,"abstract":"The commented judgement concerns the consequences of an appointment to the office of a judge in a procedure that may have been affected by a legal defect. In the judgement in question the Supreme Administrative Court held that a judge or an assistant judge of an administrative court appointed by the President of the Republic of Poland is a(n) (assistant) judge in the Republic of Poland and a European judge within the meaning of the EU Treaties and Article 6(1) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms even if the procedure preceding the appointment may have been defective (a potentially legally defective procedure). Agreeing with the aforementioned view, the author notes that, firstly, the definitive nature of judicial appointments made by the President of the Republic of Poland does not, according to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg and of the Court of Justice of the European Union, provide an answer to the question whether each judge provides sufficient guarantees of independence and impartiality due to the procedure pursuant to which she or he was appointed. Secondly, the in abstracto test taken into account in some judgements of both Courts (examining the law as regards the legality of the appointments of judges) assessing the independence and impartiality of judges and whether a court is established by law, as opposed to the in concreto test applied in some other judgments of both Courts (concerning the conduct of a given judge in a given case, precluding the questioning of judgements solely on the ground that they were issued by persons appointed at the request of the current National Council of the Judiciary), infringes the principle of legal certainty, which constitutes an element of the rule of law. Thirdly, such dualism in European jurisprudence consequently leads to a destabilisation of the judicial system, which is opposed by the judgement under comment.","PeriodicalId":42093,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Sejmowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69367268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deklaracja praw człowieka Stowarzyszenia Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, Phnom Penh, 18 listopada 2012 r. 《东南亚国家联盟人权宣言》，金边，2012年11月18日。

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.160

Andrzej Pogłódek

{"title":"Deklaracja praw człowieka Stowarzyszenia Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, Phnom Penh, 18 listopada 2012 r.","authors":"Andrzej Pogłódek","doi":"10.31268/ps.2022.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31268/ps.2022.160","url":null,"abstract":"The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) remains the only significant integration organisation in the Southeast Asia. Despite the ongoing process of integration of member states, this consolidation has been relatively late in embracing issues related to the protection of fundamental rights. The subject of translation is the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD) adopted on 18 November 2012 by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The document in question may in the future lay the foundations for the Asian human rights protection system based on non-European values. Indeed, the presentation of fundamental rights in this document is different from that found in the European human rights system. Particularly noteworthy is the linkage made by it between fundamental rights and the performance of duties that each person has towards the community. The document recognises the existence of some of the so-called collective human rights (right to development, right to peace). The Declaration also devotes considerable space to social rights. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, it points out that the idea of human rights must take into account and respect the different models of political, social and economic system, cultural and religious differences and the different historical experiences of each country. This seems extremely valuable in view of the instrumentalisation of human rights as a tool of political pressure that sometimes takes place.","PeriodicalId":42093,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Sejmowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69367318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glosa do Wyroku Federalnego Sądu Socjalnego z dnia 16 czerwca 2015 r., sygn. akt B 13 R 27/13 R 关于联邦社会法院2015年6月16日判决的声明。法案B 13 R 27/13 R

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.118

Gundula Roßbach, Maja Skowron

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Parlamenty jako determinanta legitymacji strategicznej w organizacjach międzynarodowych. Recenzja publikacji: Frank Schimmelfennig, Thomas Winzen, Tobias Lenz, Jofre Rocabert, Loriana Crasnic, Cristina Gherasimov, Jana Lipps, Densua Mumford, The Rise of International Parliaments: Strategic Legitimat 议会是国际组织战略合法性的决定因素。Frank Schimmelfennig，Thomas Winzen，Tobias Lenz，Jofre Rocabert，Loriana Crasnic，Cristina Gherasimov，Jana Lipps，Densua Mumford，国际议会的崛起：战略合法性

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.120

J. Jaskiernia

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Sejmiki mazowieckie wobec kwestii sposobu powoływania monarchy w Rzeczypospolitej w okresie Sejmu Wielkiego Mazovian Sejms关于大塞姆时期波兰共和国君主任命方法的问题

Przeglad Sejmowy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31268/ps.2022.125

Jakub Groszkowski